Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in trans people: A systematic review of the literature

References

• Ålgars, M., Alanko, K., Santtila, P., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2012). Disordered eating and gender identity disorder: A qualitative study. Eating Disorders, 20, 300–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ålgars, M., Santtila, P., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2010). Conflicted gender identity, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in adult men and women. Sex Roles, 63, 118–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psyhcological Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-5®). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Appelt, H., & Strauss, B. (1988). Psychoendokrinologische Gynäkologie: Ergebnisse und Perspektiven. [Psycho-endocrinological Gynaecology: results and prospects]. Stuttgart:Enke.
   Google Scholar
• Arcelus, J., Bouman, W.P., Van De Noortgate, W., Claes, L., Witcomb, G.L., & Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in transsexualism. European Psychiatry, 30, 807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandini, E., Fisher, A. D., Castellini, G., Lo Sauro, C., Lelli, L., Meriggiola, M. C., … Ricca, V. (2013). Gender identity disorder and eating disorders: Similarities and differences in terms of body uneasiness. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 1012–1023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, I., Nieder, T. O., Cerwenka, S., Briken, P., Kreukels, B. P., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., … Richter-Appelt, H. (2015). Body image in young gender dysphoric adults: A European multi-center study. Archives of Sexual Behavior. Advance online publication. PMID: 25836027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozkurt, A., Isikli, H., Demir, F., Ozmenler, K. N., Gulcat, Z., Karlidere, T., & Aydin, H. (2006). Body image and personality traits of male-to-female transsexuals and homosexuals. Social Behavior and Personality, 34, 927–938.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butters, J., & Cash, T. (1987). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of women’s body-image dissatisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 889–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella, S., Iannaccone, M., & Cotrufo, P. (2013). Influence of gender role orientation (masculinity versus femininity) on body satisfaction and eating attitudes in homosexuals, heterosexuals and transsexuals. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 18, 115–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement, U., & Löwe, B. (1996). Die Validierung des FKB-20 als Instrument zur Erfassung von Körperbildstörungen bei psychosomatischen Patienten. [The validation of the FKB-20 as a tool for detection of body image disorders in psychosomatic patients] Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 46, 254–259.
   Google Scholar
• Colizzi, M., Costa, R., & Todarello, O. (2015). Dissociative symptoms in individuals with gender dysphoria: Is the elevated prevalence real? Psychiatry Research, 226, 173–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuzzolaro, M., Marano, G., Garfinkel, E. P., & Vetrone, G. (2006). The Body Uneasiness Test (BUT): Development and validation of a new body image assessment scale. Eating and Weight Disorder, 11, 1–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Vries, A. L. C., Mcguire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Eva, C. F., Doreleijers, T. A. H., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment. Paediatrics, 134, 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries, A. L. C., Steensma, T. D., Doreleijers, T. a H., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2011). Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender identity disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8, 2276–2283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders (p. 324). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fairburn, C. G., & Cooper, G. T. (1993). The eating disorder examination. In C. F. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature, assessment and treatment (pp. 317–332). New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, A. D., Bandini, E., Casale, H., Ferruccio, N., Meriggiola, M. C., Gualerzi, A., … Maggi, M. (2013). Sociodemographic and clinical features of gender identity disorder: An italian multicentric evaluation. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 408–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, A. D., Castellini, G., Bandini, E., Casale, H., Fanni, E., Benni, L., … Rellini, A. H. (2014). Cross-sex hormonal treatment and body uneasiness in individuals with gender dysphoria. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11, 709–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. (2011). Social psychological theories of disordered eating in college women: Review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 1224–1237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, M. Z., MacGowan, B. R., Robinson, L., Spitz, J., & Salt, P. (1982). The body image of the postoperative female-to-male transsexual. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 461–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, D.M. (1991). Eating disorder inventory 2: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Garner, D. M. (2004). EDI 3: Eating Disorder Inventory-3: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Garner, D. M., & Olmsted, M. (1982). The eating attitudes test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., & Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2, 15–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, N. (2009). Disclosure of eating disorders and subsequent help seeking. Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham. Retrieved from http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/428/
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, H., Haycraft, E., & Meyer, C. (2014). Sociocultural risk factors for compulsive exercise: A prospective study of adolescents. European Eating Disorders, 22, 360–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karazsia, B., & Crowther, J. (2010). Sociocultural and psychological links to men’s engagement in risky body change behaviors. Sex Roles, 63, 747–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoosal, D., Langham, C., Palmer, B., Terry, T., & Minajagi, M. (2009). Features of eating disorder among male-to-female transsexuals. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 24, 217–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozee, H. B., Tylka, T. L., & Bauerband, L. A. (2012). Measuring transgender individuals’ comfort with gender identity and appearance: Development and validation of the Transgender Congruence Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 36, 179–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraemer, B., Delsignore, A., Schnyder, U., & Hepp, U. (2007). Body image and transsexualism. Psychopathology, 41, 96–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroon Van Diest, A. M., & Perez, M. (2013). Exploring the integration of thin-ideal internalization and self-objectification in the prevention of eating disorders. Body Image, 10, 16–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, M. C., Chiu, Y. N., Gadow, K. D., Gau, S. S. F., & Hwu, H. G. (2010). Correlates of gender dysphoria in Taiwanese university students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 1415–1428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindgren, T., & Pauly, I. (1975). A body image scale for evaluating transsexuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 4, 639–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado, B. C., Gonçalves, S. F., Martins, C., Hoek, H. W., & Machado, P. P. (2014), Risk factors and antecedent life events in the development of anorexia nervosa: A Portuguese case-control study. European Eating Disorders Review, 22, 243–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marone, P., Lacoella, S., Cecchini, M. G., & Ravenna, A. R. (1998). An experimental study of body image and perception in gender identity disorders. International Journal of Transgenderism, 2(3). Retrieved from http://www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/ijt/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0501.htm
   Google Scholar
• McCreary, D., & Sasse, D. (2000). An exploration of the drive for muscularity in adolescent boys and girls. Journal of American College Health, 48, 297–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 181–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, S.A., Paxton, J. S., & Wetheim., E. W. (2010). Factors associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women in midlife. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8, 336–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE. (2007). The guidelines manual. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg6/chapter/6-reviewing-the-evidence
   Google Scholar
• Pauly, I. B., & Lindgren, T. W. (1976). Body image and gender identity. Journal of Homosexuality, 2, 133–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reas, D. L., Whisenhunt, B. L., Netemeyer, R., & Williamson, D. A. (2002). Development of the body checking questionnaire: A self-report measure of body checking behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 324–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runfola, C. D., Von Holle, A., Trace, S. E., Brownley, K. A., Hofmeier, S. M., Gagne, D. A., & Bulik, C. M. (2013). Body dissatisfaction in women across the lifespan: Results of the UNC-SELF and Gender and Body Image (GABI) studies. European Eating Disorders Review, 21, 52–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secord, P. F., & Jourard, S. M. (1953). The appraisal of body-cathexis: Body-cathexis and the self. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 17, 343–347.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverstein, B., Carpman, S., Perlick, D., & Perdue, L. (1990). Nontraditional sex role aspirations, gender identity conflict, and disordered eating among college women. Sex Roles, 23, 687–695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Y. L. S., Van Goozen, S. H. M., Kuiper, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2005). Sex reassignment: outcomes and predictors of treatment for adolescent and adult transsexuals. Psychological Medicine, 35, 89–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P. C., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors associated with desistence and persistence of childhood gender dysphoria: A quantitative follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52, 582–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 985–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauβ, B., & Richter-Appelt, H. (1996). Fragebogen zur Beurteilung des eigenen Körpers (FBeK) [Questionnaire for the assessment of one's body]. GûÑttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, J., & Stice, E. (2001). Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 181–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiggemann, M. (2004). Body image across the adult life span: Stability and change. Body Image, 1, 29–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vocks, S., Stahn, C., Loenser, K., & Legenbauer, T. (2009). Eating and body image disturbances in male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 364–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman, M. C., & Moradi, B. (2010). Body image and eating disorder symptoms in sexual minority men: A test and extension of objectification theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 154–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witcomb, G. L., Arcelus, J., & Chen, J. (2013). Can cognitive dissonance methods developed in the West for combatting the ‘thin ideal’ help slow the rapidly increasing prevalence of eating disorders in non-Western cultures? Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 25, 332–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Witcomb, G. L., Bouman, W. P., Brewin, N., Richards, C., Fernandez-Aranda, F., & Arcelus, J. (2015). Body image dissatisfaction and eating-related psychopathology in trans individuals: A matched control study. European Eating Disorders Review, 23, 287–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfradt, U., & Neumann, K. (2001). Depersonalization, self-esteem and body image in male-to-female transsexuals compared to male and female controls. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 301–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar