Gambling: a dependence without a drug

References

• Editorial. Compulsive gambling. British Medical Journal 1968; 2: 69
   Google Scholar
• Heather N., Robertson I. Controlled Drinking. Methuen, London 1983
   Google Scholar
• Orford J. Pathological gambling and its treatment. British Medical Journal 1988; 296: 729–730
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders3rd edn. Washington, DC 1980, DSM III
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual3rd edn, revised. DSM III-R, APA, Washington, DC 1987
   Google Scholar
• Bolen D. W. Gambling: historical highlights, trends, and their implications for contemporary society. First Annual Conference on Gambling. Las Vegas 1974
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G. Compulsive Gamblers. Longman, London 1984
   Google Scholar
• Marlatt G. A. Alcohol use and problem drinking: a cognitive-behavioural analysis. Cognitive Behavioural Interventions, Theory Research and Procedures, P. C. Kendall, S. D. Hollon. Academic Press, London 1979; 319–356
   Google Scholar
• The Addictive Behaviours: treatment of alcoholism, drug abuse, smoking and obesity, W. R. Miller. Pergamon, Oxford 1980
   Google Scholar
• Orford J. Excessive Appetites: a psychological view of addictions. Wiley, New York 1985
   Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R. Altering the DSM III criteria for pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Behaviour 1988; 4: 38–47
   Google Scholar
• Bergler E. The Psychology of Gambling. Hill and Wang, New York 1957
   Google Scholar
• Schacht T., Nathan P. E. But is it good for the psychologists? Appraisal and status of DSM III. American Psychologist 1977; 32: 1017–1025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski A. Treatment approaches for the control of pathological gambling. Gambling in Australia, G. Caldwell, B. Haig, M. Dickerson, L. Sylvan. Croom Helm, Sydney 1985; 172–182
   Google Scholar
• Bolen D. W., Boyd W. H. Gambling and the gambler. Archives of General Psychiatry 1968; 18: 617–630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran E. Pathological gambling. British Journal of Psychiatry, Special Publication No. 9: Contemporary Psychiatry. Royal College of Psychiatrists, London 1975
   Google Scholar
• Custer R. L. An overview of compulsive gambling. Addictive Disorders Update, P. A. Carone, S. F. Yolles, S. N. Kieffer, L. W. Krinsky. Human Sciences, New York 1982; 51–93
   Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R. Report on Pathological Gambling in New Jersey. Governor's Advisory Commission, New Jersey 1988
   Google Scholar
• Volberg R. A., Steadman H. J. Refining prevalence estimates of pathological gambling. American Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 145: 502–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran E. Clinical and social aspects of risk-taking. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1970; 63: 1273–1277
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seager C. P. Treatment of compulsive gamblers using electrical aversion. British Journal of Psychiatry 1970; 117: 545–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham J. R., Lowenfeld B. H. Personality dimensions of the pathological gambler. Journal of Gambling Behaviour 1986; 2: 58–66
   Google Scholar
• Moravbc J. D., Munley P. H. Psychological test findings on pathological gamblers in treatment. International Journal of the Addictions 1983; 18: 1003–1009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blaszczynski A. P., Wilson A. C., McConaghy N. Sensation seeking and pathological gambling. British Journal of Addictions 1986; 81: 113–117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malkin D. An empirical investigation into some aspects of problem gambling. Master thesis, University of Western Australia. 1981, unpublished
   Google Scholar
• Kusyszyn I. The psychology of gambling. Annals of the American Academy (A APSS) 1984; 474: 133–145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick R. A., Taber J. I. The pathological gambler: salient personality variables. Handbook on Pathological Gambling, T. Galski. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield 1987; 9–40
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G. The charactersitics of the compulsive gambler: a rejection of a typology. Gambling in Australia, G. Caldwell, B. Haig, M. Dickerson, L. Sylvan. Croom Helm, Sydney 1985; 139–145
   Google Scholar
• Walker M. B. Explanations for gambling. Gambling in Australia, G. Caldwell, B. Haig, M. Dickerson, L. Sylvan. Croom Helm, Sydney 1985; 146–162
   Google Scholar
• Lynch R. Second Generation Club Project. Stage One. 1985, report to the North Ryde RSL Community Bowling and Sports Club Ltd, Sydney (unpublished)
   Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R. The compulsive gambler's spiral of options and involvement. Psychiatry 1979; 42: 79–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R. The Chase: career of the compulsive gambler. Schenkman, Cambridge, MA 1984
   Google Scholar
• Oldman D. J. Compulsive gamblers. Sociological Review 1978; 26: 349–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden R. D., Pope H. G., Jonas J. M. Pathological gambling and major affective disorder: preliminary findings. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1986; 47: 201–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick R. A., Russo A. M., Ramirez L. F., Taber J. I. Affective disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141: 215–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Custer R. L., Custer L. F. Characteristics of the recovering compulsive gambler: a survey of ISO members of Gamblers Anonymous. Reno Nevada. December, 1978
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez L. F., McCormick R. A., Russo A. M., Taber J. I. Patterns of substance abuse in pathological gamblers undergoing treatment. Addictive Behaviours 1984; 8: 425–428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R., Blume S. B., Zoppa R. M. Alcoholism, drug abuse, and gambling. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 1985; 10: 33–38
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wray I. A retrospective survey of Gamblers Anonymous. M. Phil. thesis, Univeesity of Edinburgh. 1980, [unpublished]
   Google Scholar
• Politzer R. M., Morrow J. S. The John Hopkins University Compulsive Gambling Counselling Center. American Psychological Association Annual Meeting. September, 1980
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz V. C., Yaffee R. A. Pathological gambling: psychosomatic, emotional, and marital difficulties as reported by the gambler. Journal of Gambling Behaviour 1988; 2: 40–49
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs D. F. Effects on children of parental excesses in gambling. 7th International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, Reno, Nevada, August, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R., Klein R. Pathological gambling among high school students. Addictive Behaviours 1987; 12: 129–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R. The female pathological gambler. 7th International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, Reno, Nevada, August, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Politzer R. M., Morrow J. S., Leavey S. B. Report on the societal cost of pathological gambling and the cost effectivemess of treatment. Lake TahoeUSA 1981
   Google Scholar
• Roebuck J. Criminal Typology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, II 1967
   Google Scholar
• Royal College of Psychiatrists. Submission of Evidence to the Royal Commission on Gambling. RCP, London 1977
   Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski A., McConaghy N., Frankova A. Crime, anti-social personality and pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Behavior 1988, in press
   Google Scholar
• Pols R. G., Hawks D. V. Is There a Safe Level of Daily Consumption for Men and Women. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1987
   Google Scholar
• Kallick M., Suits D. T., Hybels J. A Survey of American Gambling Attitudes and Behaviour. University of Michigan, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research. 1979
   Google Scholar
• Nadler L. B. The epidemiology of pathological gambling: critique of existing research and alternative strategies. Journal of Gambling Behavior 1985; 1: 35–50
   Google Scholar
• Cornish D. B. Gambling: a review of the literature and its implications for policy and research. 1978
   Google Scholar
• Gallup. Gambling in Britain. HMSO, Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd., London 1976
   Google Scholar
• Moody G. The Facts about the ‘Money Factories’. Churches Council on Gambling, London 1972
   Google Scholar
• Clark W. Operational definitions of drinking problems and associated prevalence ratios. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1966; 27: 648–668
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G. The effect of betting shop experience on gambling behaviour. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. 1974, [unpublished]
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell G., Young S., Dickerson M. G., McMillen J. Social Impact Study Civic Section 19 Development and Casino. 1988, Commonwealth of Australia
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G., Hinchy J. The prevalence of excessive and pathological gambling in Australia. Journal of Gambling Behavior 1988; 4: 135–151
   Google Scholar
• Culleton R. P. A survey of pathological gamblers in the State of Ohio. Transition Planning Associates, Philadelphia 1985
   Google Scholar
• Lesieur H. R., Blume S. B. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): a new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1184–1185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski A. P. Clinical studies in pathological gambling. PhD thesis, University of New South Wales. 1988, unpublished
   Google Scholar
• Meichenbaum A. P. A self-instructional approach to stress management: a proposal for stress innoculation training. Stress and Anxiety, C. Spielberger, I. Sarson. John Wiley, New York 1975; Vol. 2: 151–183
   Google Scholar
• Saunders W. M., Kershaw P. W. Spontaneous remission from alcoholism a community study. British Journal of Addiction 1979; 74: 251–265
   Google Scholar
• Allcock Dickerson C. M. G. The Guide to Good Gambling. Social Science Press, Wentworth FallsAustralia 1986
   Google Scholar
• Roberston I., Heather N. Lets Drink to Your Health. Angus & Roberston, North Ryde 1987
   Google Scholar
• Blume S. B. Compulsive gambling and the medical model. Journal of Gambling Behavior 1987; 3: 237–247
   Google Scholar
• Jellinek E. M. Phases of alcohol addiction. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1952; 13: 673–684
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skinner B. F. Science and Human Behavior. Free Press, New York 1953
   Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski A. P., Winter S. W., McConaghy N. Plasma endorphin levels in pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Behaviour 1986; 2: 3–14
   Google Scholar
• Peck C. P. Risk-taking behaviour and compulsive gambling. American Psychologist 1986; 41: 461–465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor R., King C. Paradoxical intention in the treatment of compulsive gambling. American Journal of Psychotherapy 1967; 21: 808–814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapanis A. The relevance of laboratory studies to practical situations. Ergonomics 1976; 10: 557–577
   Google Scholar
• Hensall R. L. The purposes of laboratory experimentation and the virtues of deliberate artificiality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1980; 16: 466–478
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley A. The cognitive psychology of everyday life. British Journal of Psychology 1981; 32: 257–269
   Google Scholar
• Langer E. J. The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1975; 32: 311–328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman E. Where the Action Is. Allen Lane, London 1969
   Google Scholar
• Rule B. G., Fischer D. G. Impulsivity, subjective probability, cardiac response and risk-taking: correlates and factors. Personality 1970; 1: 251–260
   Google Scholar
• Rule B. G., Nutter R. W., Fischer D. G. The effect of arousal on risk taking. Personality 1971; 2: 239–247
   Google Scholar
• Anderson G., Brown R. I. F. Real and laboratory gambling, sensation seeking and arousal. British Journal of Psychology 1984; 75: 401–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman M. Sensation Seeking: beyond the optimal level of arousal. John Wiley, New York 1979
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G. The future of gambling research: learning from the lesson of alcoholism. Journal of Gambling Behavior 1987; 3: 248–256
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G., Hinchy J., Fabre. Chasing, arousal and sensation seeking in off-course gamblers. British Journal of Addiction 1987; 82: 673–680
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron D. Why alcohol dependence: and why now?. The Misuse of Alcohol, N. Heather, I. Robertson, P. Davies. Croom Helm, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Corless A., Dickerson M. G. Gamblers' self-perceptions of determinants of impaired control. British Journal of Addiction. 1989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dickerson M. G., Adcock S. G. Mood, arousal and cognitions in persistent gambling: preliminary investigation of a theoretical model. Journal of Gambling Behavior 1987; 3: 3–15
   Google Scholar
• Leary K., Dickerson M. G. Levels of arousal in high-and low-frequency gamblers. Behaviour Research Therapy 1985; 23: 635–640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell G. T. The gambling Australian. Social Change in Australia, D. Edgar. Cheshire, Melbourne 1974
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G., Fabre J., Bayliss D. A comparison of TAB customers and poker machine players. Gambling in the 80's, J. McMillen. Griffiths University Reprographics, Brisbane 1985
   Google Scholar
• Stewart R. M., Brown R. I. F. An outcome study of Gamblers Anonymous. British Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 152: 284–288
   Google Scholar
• Corless T. An investigation of impaired control in gambling behaviour. Clinical Masters thesis, Australian National University. 1987, unpublished
   Google Scholar
• Barker J., Miller M. Aversion therapy for compulsive gambling. Lancet 1966; 191–192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barker J., Miller M. Aversion therapy for compulsive gambling. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 1968; 146: 285–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker J., Miller M. Treatment of compulsive gambling. Lancet 1968; 926
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goorney A. B. Treatment of a compulsive horse race gambler by averion therapy. Brtish Journal of Psychiatry 1968; 114: 329–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd W. H., Bolen D. The compulsive gambler and spouse in group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Pschotherapy 1970; 20: 77–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft T. A short note on forty patients treated by systematic desentation. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1970; 8: 219–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotler S. B. The use of different behavioral techniques in treating a case of compulsive gambling. Behavior Therapy 1971; 2: 579–584
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koller K. Treatment of poker machine addicts by aversion therapy. Medical Journal of Australia 1972; 1: 742–745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannister G. Cognitive behaviour therapy in a case of compulsive gambling. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1977; 1: 223–227
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson M. G., Weeks D. Controlled gambling as a therapeutic technique for compulsive gamblers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1979; 10: 139–145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz J. Lithium and lady luck. New York State Journal of Medicine April, 1980; 786–788
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg D., Rankin H. Compulsive gamblers in treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry 1982; 140: 363–366
   Google Scholar
• Rankin H. Control rather than abstinence as a goal in the treatment of excessive gambling. Behaviour Research Therapy 1982; 20: 185–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConaghy N., Armstrong M., Blaszczynski A., Allcock C. Controlled Comparison of aversion therapy and imaginal desensitisation in compulsive gambling. British Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 142: 366–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A. M., Taber J. I., McCormick R. A., Ramirez L. An outcome study of an impatient treatment program for pathological gamblers. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 1984; 35: 823–827
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teperman J. H. The effectiveness of short-term group therapy upon the pathological gambler and wife. Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, W. R. Eadington. University of Nevada, Reno 1985
   Google Scholar
• Taber J. I., McCormick R. A., Russo A. M., Adkins B. J., Ramirez L. Follow-up of pathological gamblers after treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144: 757–761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar