References
- Henseler T, Christophers E. Psoriasis of early and late onset: characterization of two types of psoriasis vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;13:450–6
- Griffiths CEM. Management of psoriasis in pregnancy: time to deliver? Br J Dermatol. 2010;163:235
- Bandoli G, Johnson DL, Jones KL, et al. Potentially modifiable risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163:334–9
- Lima XT, Janakiraman V, Hughes MD, Kimball AB. The impact of psoriasis on pregnancy outcomes. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:85–91
- Yang YW, Chen CS, Chen YH, Lin C. Psoriasis and pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:71–7
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd., Electronic Medicines Compendium. Summary of product characteristics: Neoral Soft Gelatin Capsules, Neoral Oral Solution, 2012. Available from https://doi.org/http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/1307
- Groth K, Brannstrom M, Molne J, Wranning CA. Cyclosporine A exposure during pregnancy in mice: effects on reproductive performance in mothers and offspring. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:697–704
- Bar Oz B, Hackman R, Einarson T, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome after cyclosporine therapy during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Transplantation. 2001;71:1051–5
- Lamarque V, Leleu MF, Monka C, Krupp P. Analysis of 629 pregnancy outcomes in transplant recipients treated with Sandimmun. Transplant Proc. 1997;29:2480
- Ghanem ME, El-Baghdadi LA, Badawy AM, et al. Pregnancy outcome after renal allograft transplantation: 15 years experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;121:178–81
- Edmonds EV, Morris SD, Short K, et al. Pustular psoriasis of pregnancy treated with ciclosporin and high-dose prednisolone. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30:709–10
- Hazarika D. Generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy successfully treated with cyclosporine. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009;75:638
- Casele HL, Laifer SA. Association of pregnancy complications and choice of immunosuppressant in liver transplant patients. Transplantation. 1998;65:581–3
- Day C, Hewins P, Sheikh L, et al. Cholestasis in pregnancy associated with ciclosporin therapy in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Int. 2006;19:1026–9
- Rosmarin DM, Lebwohl M, Elewski BE, Gottlieb AB; National Psoriasis Foundation. Cyclosporine and psoriasis: 2008 National Psoriasis Foundation Consensus Conference. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:838–53
- Mrowietz U, Altmeyer P, Bieber T, et al. Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters (Fumaderm). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007;5:716–17
- Rostami Yazdi M, Mrowietz U. Fumaric acid esters. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:522–6
- Biogen Idec GmbH. Expert information summary of product characteristics. Fumaderm/Fumaderm Initial Obtained from IDIS Weybridge, 2013
- Warren RB, Chalmers RJ, Griffiths CE, Menter A. Methotrexate for psoriasis in the era of biological therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33:551–4
- Sutton C, McIvor RS, Vagt M, et al. Methotrexate-resistantforms of dihydrofolate reductase protects transgenic murine embryos from teratogenic effects of meethotrexate. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 1998;1:503–12
- DeSesso JM. Comparative ultrastructural alterations in rabbit limb-buds after a teratogenic dose of either hydroxyurea or methotrexate. Teratology. 1981;23:197–215
- Hyoun SC, Obican SG, Scialli AR. Teratogen update: methotrexate. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012;94:187–207
- Buckley LM, Bullaboy CA, Leichtman L, Marquez M. Multiple congenital anomalies associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment of the mother. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:971–3
- Feldkamp M, Carey JC. Clincal teratology counseling and consultation case report: low dose methotrexate exposure in the early weeks of pregnancy. Teratology. 1993;47:533–9
- Donnenfeld AE, Pastuszak A, Noah JS, et al. Methotrexate exposure prior to and during pregnancy. Teratology. 1994;49:79–81
- Lewden B, Vial T, Elefant E, Cente FNoRP. Low dose methotrexate in the first trimester of pregnancy: results of a French collaborative study. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:2360–5
- Del Campo M, Kosaki K, Bennett FC, et al. Developmental delay in fetal aminopterin/methotrexate syndrome. Teratology. 1999;60:10–12
- Nguyen C, Duhl AJ, Escallon CS, Blakemore KJ. Multiple anomalies in a foetus exposed to low-dose methotrexate in the first trimester. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:599–602
- Nurmohamed L, Moretti ME, Schechter T. Outcome following high-dose methotrexate in pregnancies misdiagnosed as ectopic. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205:533.e1–3
- Poggi SH, Ghidini A. Importance of timing of gestational exposure to methotrexate for its teratogenic effects when used in setting of misdiagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2011;96:669–71
- Adam MP, Manning MA, Beck AE. Methotrexate/misoprostol embryopathy: report of four cases resulting from failed medical abortion. Am J Med Genet A. 2003;123:72–8
- Braga A, Maesta I, Michelin OC, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of first pregnancy after chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in Brazilian women. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;112:568–71
- Hospira UK Ltd., Electronic Medicines Compendium. Summary of Product Characteristics: Methotrexate, 2014. Available from https://doi.org/http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/12034
- Lloyd ME, Carr M, McElhatton P, et al. The effects of methotrexate on pregnancy, fertility and lactation. Q J Med. 1999;92:551–63
- Chakravarty K, McDonald H, Pullar T, et al. BSR/BHPR guideline for disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy inconsultation with the British Association of Dermatologists. Rheumatology. 2008;47:924–5
- Ormerod AD, Campalani E, Goodfield MJD. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines on the efficacy and use of acitretin in dermatology. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162:952–63
- Katz HI, Waalen J, Leach EE. Acitretin in psoriasis: an overview of adverse effects. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41:S7–12
- Barbero P, Lotersztein V, Bronberg R, et al. Acitretin embryopathy: a case report. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004;70:831–3
- de Die-Smulders CEM, Sturkenboom MCJM, Veraart J. Severe limb defects and craniofacial abnormalities in a foetus conceived during acitretin therapy. Teratology. 1995;52:215–19
- Geiger JM, Baudin M, Saurat JH. Teratogenic risk with etretinate and acitretin treatment. Dermatol. 1994;189:109–16
- Actvatis UK Ltd., Electronic Medicines Compendium. Summary of Product Characteristics, Neotigason 25mg Capsule. 2013. Available from https://doi.org/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21198
- DiGiovanna JJ, Zech LA, Ruddel ME, et al. Etretinate. Persistent serum levels after long-term therapy. Arch Dermatol. 1989;125:246–51
- Thiru Y, Bateman DN, Coulthard MG. Successful breast feeding while mother was taking cyclosporin. BMJ. 1997;315:463
- Munoz-Flores-Thiagarajan KD, Easterling T, Davis C. Breast-feeding by a ciclosporin-treated mother. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:816–18
- Osadchy A, Koren G. Cyclosporine and lactation: when the mother is willing to breastfeed. Ther Drug Monit. 2011;33:147–8
- Morton A. Cyclosporine and lactation. Nephrology. 2011;16:249–50
- Moretti ME, Sgro M, Johnson DW, et al. Cyclosporine excretion into breast milk. Transplantation. 2003;75:2144–6
- American Academy of Paediatrics Committee. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Paediatrics. 2001;108:776–89
- Johns DG, Rutherford LD, Keighton PC, et al. Secretion of methotrexate into human milk. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972;112:978–80
- Rollman O, Pihl-Lundin I. Acitretin excretion into human breast milk. Acta Derm Venereol. 1990;70:487–90
- Seethalakshmi L, Flores C, Carboni AA, et al. Cyclosporine: its effects on testicular function and fertility in the prepubertal rat. J Androl. 1990;11:17–24
- Srinivas M, Agarwala S, Datta Gupta S, et al. Effect of cyclosporine on fertility in male rats. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998;13:388–91
- Xu LG, Yang YR, Wang HW, et al. Characteristics of male fertility after renal transplantation. Andrologia. 2011;43:203–7
- Xu LG, Zhu XF, Jin LM, et al. Impregnate occasion for male renal transplant recipients. Natl J Androl. 2008;14:448–50
- Haberman J, Karwa G, Greenstein SM, et al. Male fertility in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant patients. J Urol. 1991;145:294–6
- Beghin D, Cournot MP, Vauzelle C, Elefant E. Paternal exposure to methotrexate and pregnancy outcomes. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:628–32
- Grunnet E, Nyfors A, Hansen KB. Studies of human semen in topical corticosteroid-treated and in methotrexate-treated psoriatics. Dermatologica. 1977;154:78–84
- De Luca M, Ciampo E, Rossi A. Study of the seminal fluid in subjects treated with methotrexate. G Ital Dermatol Minerva Dermatol. 1971;46:247–9
- Shamberger RC, Sherins RJ, Rosenberg SA. The effects of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on testicular function in men undergoing treatment for soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 1981;47:2368–74
- Bacci G, Ferrari S, Bertoni F, et al. Long-term outcome for patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity treated at the istituto ortopedico rizzoli according to the isituto ortopedico rizzoli/osteosarcoma-2 protocol: an updated report. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:4016–27
- Morris LF, Harrod MJ, Menter A, Silverman AK. Methotrexate and reproduction in men: case report and recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;29:913–16
- Wallace WH, Anderson RA, Irvine DS. Fertility preservation for young patients with cancer: who is at risk and what can be offered? Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:209–18
- Kasahara Y, Nakai Y, Miura D, et al. Mechanism of induction of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow by multiple treatments of methotrexate. Mutat Res. 1992;280:117–28
- Estop AM. Sperm chromosome studies in patients taking low dose methotrexate. Am J Hum Genet. 1992;51:A314
- Geiger JM, Walker M. Is there a reproductive safety risk in male patients treated with acitretin (Neotigason®/Soriatane®)? Dermatol. 2002;205:105–7
- Burden AD, Warren RB, Kleyn CE, et al. The British Association of Dermatologists’ Biologic Interventions Register (BADBIR): design, methodology and objectives. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:545–54