Mitophagy and mitochondrial morphology in human melanoma-derived cells post exposure to simulated sunlight

References

• Al-Mohanna MA, Al-Khodairy FM, Krezolek Z, Bertilsson PA, Al-Houssein KA, Aboussekhra A. 2001. p53 is dispensable for UV-induced cell cycle arrest at late G(1) in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis 22:573–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albayrak T, Scherhammer V, Schoenfeld N, Braziulis E, Mund T, Bauer M, Scheffler I, Grimm S. 2003. The tumor suppressor cybL, a component of the respiratory chain, mediates apoptosis induction. Molecular Biology of the Cell 14:3082–3096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrecht J, Norenberg MD. 2006. Glutamine: A Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology 44:788–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amchenkova AA, Bakeeva LE, Chentsov YS, Skulachev VP, Zorov DB. 1988. Coupling membranes as energy-transmitting cables. I. Filamentous mitochondria in fibroblasts and mitochondrial clusters in cardiomyocytes. Journal of Cell Biology 107:481–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronis A, Komarnitsky R, Shilo S, Tirosh O. 2002. Membrane depolarization of isolated rat liver mitochondria attenuates permeability transition pore opening and oxidant production. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 4:647–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azad MB, Chen Y, Gibson SB. 2008. Regulation of autophagy by reactive oxygen species (ROS): Implications for cancer progression and treatment. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 4:195–204.
   Google Scholar
• Baggetto LG. 1992. Deviant energetic metabolism of glycolytic cancer cells Biochimie 74:959–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bains M, Florez-McClure ML, Aeidenreich HK. 2009. IGF-I prevents the accumulation of autophagic vesicles and cell death in Purkinje neurons by increasing the rate of autophagosome-to-lysosome fusion and degradation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 284:20398–20407.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birch-Machin MA. 2006. The role of mitochondria in ageing and carcinogenesis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 31:548–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne RM, Stanwell P, Stretch JR, Scolyer RA, Thompson JF, Mountford CE, Lean CL. 2005. In vivo and ex vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and secondary melanoma. European Journal of Radiology 53:506–513.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruno P, Calastretti A, Priulla M, Asnaghi L, Scarlatti F, Nicolin A, Canti G. 2007. Cell survival under nutrient stress is dependent on metabolic conditions regulated by Akt and not by autophagic vacuoles. Cell Signal 19:2118–2126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busca R, Balloti R. 2001. Cyclic AMP a Key Messenger in the Regulation of Skin Pigmentation. Pigment Cell Research 13:60–69.
   Google Scholar
• Cuervo AM, Bergamini E, Brunk UT, Droge W, French M, Terman A. 2005. Autophagy and aging: The importance of maintaining “clean” cells. Autophagy 1:131–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagda RK, Zhu J, Chu CT. 2009. Mitochondrial kinases in Parkinson's disease: Converging insights from neurotoxin and genetic models. Mitochondrion 9:289–298.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeBerardinis RJ, Lum JJ, Hatzivassiliou G, Thompson CB. 2008. The biology of cancer: Metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation. Cell Metabolism 1:11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Deffieu M, Bhatia-Kissová I, Salin B, Galinier A, Manon S, Camougrand N. 2009. Glutathione participates in the regulation of mitophagy in yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry 284:14828–14837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diepgen TL, Mahler V. 2002. The epidemiology of skin cancer. British Journal of Dermatology 146:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolder M, Wendt S, Wallimann T. 2001. Mitochondrial creatine kinase in contact sites: Interaction with porin and adenine nucleotide translocase, role in permeability transition and sensitivity to oxidative damage. Biological Signals and Receptors 10:93–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donati A, Taddei M, Cavallini G, Bergamini E. 2006. Stimulation of macroautophagy can rescue older cells from 8-OHdG mtDNA accumulation: A safe and easy way to meet goals in the SENS agenda. Rejuvenation Research 9:408–412.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erb P, Ji J, Wernli M, Kump E, Glaser A, Büchner SA. 2005. Role of apoptosis in basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma formation. Immunology Letters 100:68–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank S, Gaume B, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Leitner WW, Robert EG, Catez F, Smith CL, Youle RJ. 2001. The role of dynamin-related protein 1, a mediator of mitochondrial fission, in apoptosis. Developmental Cell 1:515–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore K, Wilson M. 1999. The use of Chloromethyl-X-rosamine (MitoTracker Red) to measure loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in apoptotic cells is incompatible with cell fixation. Cytometry 36:355–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graier WF, Malli R, Kostner GM. 2009. Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation: Instigator or target of lipotoxicity? Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 20:186–193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hakem R, Hakem A, Duncan GS, Henderson JT, Woo M, Soengas MS, Elia A, Pompa JLdl, Kagi D, Khoo W, et al. 1998. Differential requirement for caspase 9 in apoptotic pathways in vivo. Cell Cycle 94:339–352.
   Google Scholar
• Häussinger D, Lang F, Gerok W. 1994. Regulation of cell function by the cellular hydration state. American Journal of Physiology 267:343–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hom J, Sheu S. 2009. Morphological dynamics of mitochondria – a special emphasis on cardiac muscle cells. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 46:811–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara N, Mizushima N. 2009 Jul. A receptor for eating mitochondria. Dev Cell 17:1–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ichihashi M, Ueda M, Budiyanto A, Bito T, Oka M, Fukunaga M, Tsuru K, Horikawa T. 2003. UV-induced skin damage. Toxicology 189:21–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara N, Jofuku A, Eura Y, Mihara K. 2003. Regulation of mitochondrial morphology by membrane potential, and DRP1-dependent division and FZO1-dependent fusion reaction in mammalian cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 301:891–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang LW, Maher VM, McCormick JJ, Schindler M. 1990. Alkalinization of the lysosomes is correlated with ras transformation of murine and human fibroblasts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265:4775–4777.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim I, Rodriguez-Enriquez S, Lemasters JJ. 2007. Selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 462:245–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkegaard K, Taylor MP, Jackson WT. 2004. Cellular autophagy: surrender, avoidance and subversion by microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:301–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein M, Seeger P, Schuricht B, Alper SL, Schwab A. 2000. Polarization of Na++/H++ and Cl−/Hco 3− exchangers in migrating renal epithelial cells. Journal of General Physiology 115:599–608.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klionsky DJ, Abeliovich H, Agostinis P, Agrawal DK, Aliev G, Askew DS, Baba M, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Ballabio A, et al. 2008. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes. Autophagy 4:151–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacevićć Z, Morris HP. 1972. The role of glutamine in the oxidative metabolism of malignant cells. Cancer Research 32:326–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kowaltowski AJ, Castilho RF, Grijalba MT, Bechara EJ, Vercesi AE. 1996. Effect of inorganic phosphate concentration on the nature of inner mitochondrial membrane alterations mediated by Ca2++ ions. A proposed model for phosphate-stimulated lipid peroxidation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271:2929–2934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen AR, Schandorff S, Høyer-Hansen M, Nielsen MO, Jäättelä M, Dengjel J, Andersen JS. 2008. Ordered organelle degradation during starvation-induced autophagy. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 7:2419–2428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsov G, Bush KT, Zhang PL, Nigam SK. 1996. Perturbations in maturation of secretory proteins and their association with endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in a cell culture model for epithelial ischemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 93:8584–8589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang F, Föller M, Lang K, Lang P, Ritter M, Vereninov A, Szabo I, Huber SM, Gulbins E. 2007. Cell volume regulatory ion channels in cell proliferation and cell death. Methods in Enzymology 428:209–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leccia MT, Yaar M, Allen N, Gleason M, Gilchrest BA. 2001. Solar simulated irradiation modulates gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Experimental Dermatology 10:272–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legros F, Lombès A, Frachon P, Rojo M. 2002. Mitochondrial fusion in human cells is efficient, requires the inner membrane potential, and is mediated by mitofusins. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 13:4343–4354.
   Google Scholar
• Lemasters JJ, Nieminen AL, Qian T, Trost LC, Elmore SP, Nishimura Y, Crowe RA, Cascio WE, Bradham CA, Brenner DA, Herman B. 1988. The mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death: a common mechanism in necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1366:177–196.
   Google Scholar
• Lemasters JJ. 2005. Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. Rejuvenation Research 8:3–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz H, Schmidt M, Welge V, Schlattner U, Wallimann T, Elsässer HP, Wittern HP, Wenck H, Stäb F, Blatt T. 2005. The creatine kinase system in human skin: Protective effects of creatine against oxidative and UV damage in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 124:443–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard JV, Schapira AH. 2000. Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. I: Mitochondrial DNA defects. The Lancet 355:299–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Turi TG, Schuck A, Freedberg IM, Khitrov G, Blumenberg M. 2001. Rays and arrays: The transcriptional program in the response of human epidermal keratinocytes to UVB illumination. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 15:2533–2535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Okamoto K, Hayashi Y, Sheng M. 2004. The importance of dendritic mitochondria in the morphogenesis and plasticity of spines and synapses. Cell 17:873–887.
   Google Scholar
• Lyamzaev KG, Pletjushkina OY, Saprunova VB, Bakeeva LE, Chernyak BV, Skulachev VP. 2004. Selective elimination of mitochondria from living cells induced by inhibitors of bioenergetic functions. Biochemical Society Transactions 32:1070–1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina MA. 2001. Glutamine and cancer. Journal of Nutrition 131:2539–2542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortimore GE, Pösö AR. 1986. The lysosomal pathway of intracellular proteolysis in liver: regulation by amino acids. Adv Enzyme Regul 25:257–276.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molho-Pessach V, Lotem M. 2007. Ultraviolet radiation and cutaneous carcinogenesis. Current Problems in Dermatology 35:14–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulvaney PT, Stracke ML, Nam SW, Woodhouse E, O'Keefe M, Clair T, Liotta LA, Khaddurah-Daouk R, Schiffmann E. 1998. Cyclocreatine inhibits stimulated motility in tumor cells possessing creatine kinase. International Journal of Cancer 78:46–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okamoto K, Kondo-Okamoto N, Ohsumi Y. 2009. Mitochondria-anchored receptor Atg32 mediates degradation of mitochondria via selective autophagy. Developmental Cell:87–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parr RL, Dakubo GD, Thayer RE, McKenney K, Birch-Machin MA. 2006. Mitochondrial DNA as a potential tool for early cancer detection. Human Genomics 2:252–257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peng X, Yan H, You Z, Wang P, Wang S. 2006. Glutamine granule-supplemented enteral nutrition maintains immunological function in severely burned patients. Burns 32:589–593.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plomp PJ, Gordon PB, Meijer AJ, Høyvik H, Seglen PO. 1989. Energy dependence of different steps in the autophagic-lysosomal pathway. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:6699–6704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Bosca A, Bernd A, Werner R, Dold K, Holzmann H. 2005. Effect of the dose of ultraviolet radiation on the pigment formation by human melanocytes in vitro. Arch Dermatol Res 284:1992–362.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguesz-Enriquez S, Kim I, Currin RT, Lemasters JJ. 2006. Tracker dyes to probe mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) in rat hepatocytes. Autophagy 2:39–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez-Enriquez S, He L, Lemasters JJ. 2004. Role of mitochondrial permeability transition pores in mitochondrial autophagy. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 36:2463–2472.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez-Hernández A, Cordero MD, Salviati L, Artuch R, Pineda M, Briones P, Izquierdo LG, Cotán D, Navas P, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. 2009. Coenzyme Q deficiency triggers mitochondria degradation by mitophagy. Autophagy 5:19–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rózanowska M, Sarna T, Land EJ, Truscott TG. 1999. Free radical scavenging properties of melanin interaction of eu- and pheo-melanin models with reducing and oxidising radicals. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 26:518–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlattner U, Möckli N, Speer O, Werner S, Wallimann T. 2002. Creatine kinase and creatine transporter in normal, wounded, and diseased skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 118:416–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skulachev VP, Bakeeva LE, Chernyak BV, Domnina LV, Minin AA, Pletjushkina OY, Saprunova VB, Skulachev IV, Tsyplenkova VG, Vasiliev JM, et al. 2004. Thread-grain transition of mitochondrial reticulum as a step of mitoptosis and apoptosis. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 256:341–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soehnge H, Ouhtit A, Ananthaswamy ON. 1997. Mechanisms of induction of skin cancer by UV radiation. Frontiers in Bioscience 1:538–551.
   Google Scholar
• Tasdemir E, Maiuri MC, Tajeddine N, Vitale I, Criollo A, Vicencio JM, Hickman JA, Geneste O, Kroemer G. 2007. Cell cycle-dependent induction of autophagy, mitophagy and reticulophagy. Cell Cycle 15:2263–2267.
   Google Scholar
• Tatsuta T, Langer T. 2007 Studying proteolysis within mitochondria. Methods in Molecular Biology 372:343–360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terman A, Gustafsson B, Brunk UT. 2006a. Mitochondrial damage and intralysosomal degradation in cellular aging. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 27:471–482.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terman A, Dalen H, Eaton JW, Neuzil J, Brunk UT. 2003 Mitochondrial recycling and aging of cardiac myocytes: The role of autophagocytosis. Experimental Gerontology 38:863–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terman A, Dalen H, Eaton JW, Neuzil J, Brunk U. 2006b. Aging of cardiac myocytes in culture: Oxidative stress, lipofuscin accumulation, and mitochondrial turnover. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1019:70–77.
   Google Scholar
• Tondera D, Grandemange S, Jourdain A, Karbowski M, Mattenberger Y, Herzig S, Cruz SD, Clerc P, Raschke I, Merkwirth C, et al. 2009. SLP-2 is required for stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion. The European Molecular Biology Organization Journal 28:1589–1600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twig G, Elorza A, Molina AJ, Mohamed H, Wikstrom JD, Walzer G, Stiles L, Haigh SE, Katz S, Las G, et al. 2008. Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy. The European Molecular Biology Organization Journal 27:433–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Menendez J. 2009. Autophagy facilitates the development of breast cancer resistance to the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. PLoS One 4:6251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wice BM, Reitzer LJ, Kennell D. 1981. The continuous growth of vertebrate cells in the absence of sugar. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256:7812–7819.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams D, Jung DW, Khersonsky SM, Heidary N, Chang YT, Orlow SJ. 2004. Identification of compounds that bind mitochondrial F1F0 ATPase by screening a triazine library for correction of albinism. Chemistry and Biology 11:1251–1259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu K, He Y, Yeung LW, Lam PK, Wu RS, Zhou B. 2008. DE-71-induced apoptosis involving intracellular calcium and the Bax-mitochondria-caspase protease pathway in human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Toxicological Sciences 104:341–351.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuneva M, Zamboni N, Oefner P, Sachidanandam R, Lazebnik Y. 2007. Deficiency in glutamine but not glucose induces MYC-dependent apoptosis in human cells. Journal of Cell Biology 178:93–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielke HR, Sumbilla CM, Sevdalian DA, Hawkins RL, Ozand PT. 1980. Lactate: A major product of glutamine metabolism by human diploid fibroblasts. Journal of Cellular Physiology 104:433–441.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar