Exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field induced mitochondrial permeability transition through the ROS/GSK-3β signaling pathway

References

• Ajith TA, Jayakumar TG. 2014. Mitochondria-targeted agents: Future perspectives of mitochondrial pharmaceutics in cardiovascular diseases. World J Cardiol 6:1091–1099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calabro E, Condello S, Curro M, Ferlazzo N, Vecchio M, Caccamo D, et al. 2013. 50 Hz Electromagnetic field produced changes in FTIR spectroscopy associated with mitochondrial transmembrane potential reduction in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013:414393. DOI: 10.1155/2013/414393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandel NS. 2014. Mitochondria as signaling organelles. BMC Biol 12:34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. 2011. Blockade of electron transport during ischemia preserves bcl-2 and inhibits opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. FEBS Lett 585:921–926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Y, Gulbins E, Siemen D. 2011. Activation of the permeability transition pore by Bax via inhibition of the mitochondrial BK channel. Cellular Physiol Biochem 27:191–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiara F, Gambalunga A, Sciacovelli M, Nicolli A, Ronconi L, Fregona D, et al. 2012. Chemotherapeutic induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress activates GSK-3 alpha/beta and Bax, leading to permeability transition pore opening and tumor cell death. Cell Death & Disease 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du XG, Xu SS, Chen Q, Lu DQ, Xu ZP, Zeng QL. 2008. Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on DNA double-strand breaks in human lens epithelial cells. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 37:9–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falone S, Mirabilio A, Carbone MC, Zimmitti V, Di Loreto S, Mariggio MA, et al. 2008. Chronic exposure to 50Hz magnetic fields causes a significant weakening of antioxidant defence systems in aged rat brain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2762–2770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forde JE, Dale TC. 2007. Glycogen synthase kinase 3: A key regulator of cellular fate. Cellular Molec Life Sci 64:1930–1944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang S, Zhu W, Wu J, Li C, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. 2014. alpha-Lipoic acid protected cardiomyoblasts from the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside through ROS-mediated Akt/Gsk-3beta activation. Toxicol In Vitro 28:1461–1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kheifets L, Ahlbom A, Crespi CM, Draper G, Hagihara J, Lowenthal RM, et al. 2010. Pooled analysis of recent studies on magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer 103:1128–1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Brenner C. 2007. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiolog Rev 87:99–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahijani MS, Farivar S, Khodaeian M. 2011. Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on the histology, apoptosis, and expression of c-Fos and beta-catenin on the livers of preincubated white Leghorn chicken embryos. Electromagn Biol Med 30:158–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Huang K, Liu X, Liu J, Lu X, Tao K, et al. 2014. Lithium Chloride Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Survival and Proliferation through ROS/GSK-3β/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014:241864. DOI: 10.1155/2014/241864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattsson M-O, Simkó M. 2014. Grouping of experimental conditions as an approach to evaluate effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on oxidative response in in vitro studies. Front Public Health 2:132. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCubrey JA, Davis NM, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Basecke J, et al. 2014. Diverse roles of GSK-3: Tumor promoter-tumor suppressor, target in cancer therapy. Adv Biolog Regulat 54:176–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mihai CT, Rotinberg P, Brinza F, Vochita G. 2014. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields cause DNA strand breaks in normal cells. J Environ Health Sci Eng 12:15. DOI: 10.1186/2052-336X-12-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldoveanu T, Follis AV, Kriwacki RW, Green DR. 2014. Many players in BCL-2 family affairs. Trends Biochem Sci 39:101–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito C, Guarnieri S, Fano G, Mariggio MA. 2010a. Effects of acute and chronic low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on PC12 cells during neuronal differentiation. Cell Physiol Biochem 26:947–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito C, Rovetta F, Bizzarri M, Mazzoleni G, Fano G, Mariggio MA. 2010b. Modulation of redox status and calcium handling by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in C2C12 muscle cells: A real-time, single-cell approach. Free Radic Biol Med 48:579–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pall ML. 2013. Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. J Cell Mol Med 17:958–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao VK, Carlson EA, Yan SS. 2014. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore is a potential drug target for neurodegeneration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molec Basis Dis 1842:1267–1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son YO, Wang L, Poyil P, Budhraja A, Hitron JA, Zhang Z, et al. 2012. Cadmium induces carcinogenesis in BEAS-2B cells through ROS-dependent activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 264:153–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianello A, Casolo V, Petrussa E, Peresson C, Patui S, Bertolini A, et al. 2012. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) – an example of multiple molecular exaptation? Biochim Biophys Acta - Bioenergetics 1817:2072–2086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CY, Yang TT, Chen CL, Lin WC, Lin CF. 2014a. Reactive oxygen species-regulated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activation contributes to all-trans retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in granulocyte-differentiated HL60 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 88:86–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Wu W, Han X, Zheng A, Lei S, Wu J, et al. 2014b. Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic epithelial cells: Synergism of pulsed electromagnetic field and biochemical stimuli. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 15:271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang SH, Shih YL, Kuo TC, Ko WC, Shih CM. 2009. Cadmium toxicity toward autophagy through ROS-activated GSK-3beta in mesangial cells. Toxicol Sci 108:124–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Fu H, Zhang H, Xu F, Zou Z, Liu M, et al. 2013. Hydrogen sulfide preconditioning protects rat liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating Akt-GSK-3 beta signaling and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition. PLoS One 8:e74422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao G, Lin X, Zhou M, Zhao J. 2014. Relationship between exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 35:264–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheleznov EA, Sheludchenko VM, Fedorov AA. 2009. The state of epithelial cells and tissues exposed to an electromagnetic field. Vestn Oftalmol 125(6):43–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou H, Chen G, Chen C, Yu Y, Xu Z. 2012. Association between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 7:e48354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. 2014. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev 94:909–950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou J, Chen Q, Jin X, Tang S, Chen K, Zhang T, et al. 2011. Olaquindox induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells. Toxicology 285:104–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar