Fibromyalgia: A ‘model’ chronic pain syndrome?

References

• Black RG. Evaluation of the pain patient. Journal of Disability 1990; 1: 85–97
   Google Scholar
• Bradley LA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for primary fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 1989; 16: 131–136, suppl 10
   Google Scholar
• Burckhardt CS, Mannerkorpi Y, Hedenberg L, Bjelle A. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of education and physical training for women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 1994; 21: 714–720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron RS. The cost of long term disability due to fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and repetitive strain injury: The private insurance perspective. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 1995; 3: 169–172
   Google Scholar
• Carette S, McCain GA, Bell DA, Fam AB. Evaluation of amitriptyline in primary fibrositis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1986; 29: 655–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carette S, Bell MJ, Reynolds WJ, Haraoui B, McCain CA. Comparison of amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine and placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1994; 37: 32–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark S, Tindall E, Bennett RM. A double-blind crossover trial of prednisone versus placebo in the treatment of fibrosis. Journal of Rheumatology 1985; 12: 980–983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croflord L, Pillemer SR, Kalogeras KT, Cash JM, Michelson D, King MA, Sternberg EM, Gold PW, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL. Perturbations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with fibromyalgia (abstract). Arthritis and Rheumatism 1993; 36: S220
   Google Scholar
• Eisinger J, Plantamura A, Ayavou T. Glycolysis abnormalities in fibromyalgia. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 1994; 13: 144–148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraccioli G, Ghirelli I, Scita F, Mozzani M NM, Fontana S. EMG-biofeedback training in fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 1987; 14: 820–825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg DI, Felson DT, Dinerman H. A randomized controlled trial of amitriptyline and naproxen in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1986; 29: 1371–1377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg DI, Kaplan KH, Nadeau MG, Brodeur C, Smith S, Schmid CH. A controlled study of a stress-reduction, cognitive-behavioral treatment program in fibromyalgia. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 1994; 2: 53–66
   Google Scholar
• Gowers WI. British Medical Journal 1904; 1: 117–121
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griep EN, Boersma JW, De Joet ER. Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 1993; 20: 469–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haanen H CM, Hoenderdos H TW, Van Romunde L KJ, Hop W CJ, Mallee C. Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of refractory fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 1991; 18: 72–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosek E, Ekholm J, Hansson P. Increased pressure pain sensibility in fibromyalgia patients is located deep to the skin but not restricted to muscle tissue. Pain 1995; 63: 335–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapossy E, Maleitzke R, Hrycaj P, Mennet W, Muller W. The frequency of transition of chronic low back pain to fibromyalgia. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 1995; 24: 29–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorig K, Konkol L, Gonzalez V. Arthritis patient education: A review of the literature. Patient Education and Counseling 1987; 10: 207–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannerkorpi K, Burckhardt CS, Bjelle A. Physical performance characteristics of women with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care and Research 1994; 7: 123–129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masi AT, Yunus MB. Fibromyalgia - which is the best treatment? A personalized comprehensive, ambulatory, patient-involved management programme. Baillitre's Clinical Rheumatology 1990; 4: 333–370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCain GA. A clinical overview of the fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 1996; 4: 9–34
   Google Scholar
• McCain GA, Scudds RA. The concept of primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): Clinical value, relation and significance to other chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. Pain 1988; 33: 273–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCain GA, Bell DA, Mai FM, Halliday P. A controlled study of the effects of a supervised cardiovascular fitness training program on the manifestations of primary fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1988; 31: 1135–1141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengshoel AM, Saugan E, Forre O, Vollestad NK. Muscle fatigue in early fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 1995; 22: 143–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merskey H. Chronic muscular pain - a life stress syndrome. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 1993; 1: 61–69
   Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Lue FA. The relationship of alpha and delta EEG frequencies to pain and mood in ‘fibrositis’ patients treated with chlorpromazine and L-tryptophan. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1980; 50: 71–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P. Induction of neurasthenic musculoskeletal pain syndrome by selective sleep state deprivation. Psychosomatic Medicine 1976; 38: 35–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Warsh JJ. Plasma tryptophan and musculoskeletal pain in nonarticular rheumatism (fibrositis syndrome). Pain 1978; 5: 65–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P, England R, Smythe H. Musculo-skeletal symptoms and non-REM sleep disturbance in patients with ‘fibrositis syndrome’ and healthy subjects. Psychosomatic Medicine 1975; 37: 431–451
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols DS, Glenn TM. Effects of aerobic exercise on pain perception, affect, and level of disability in individuals with fibromyalgia. Physical Therapy 1994; 74: 327–332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter WZ, Rudorfer MV, Manji H. The pharmacologic treatment of depression. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 325: 633–642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raspe H, Croft P. Fibromyalgia in international disease classification. Clinical Rheumatology 1995; 9: 599–615
   Google Scholar
• Rosen NB. Physical medicine and rehabilitation approaches to the management of myofascial pain and fibromyalgia syndromes. Baillitre's Clinical Rheumatology 1994; 8: 881–916
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russell IJ, Fletcher EM, Michalek JE, McBroom PC, Hester GG. Treatment of primary fibrositisl fibromyalgia syndrome with ibuprofen and alprazolam: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1991; 34: 552–560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudds RA, Rollman GB, Harth M, McCain GA. Pain perception and personality measures as discriminators in the classification of fibrositis. Journal of Rheumatology 1987; 14: 563–569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudds RA, McCain GA, Rollman GB, Harth M. Improvements in pain responsiveness in patients with fibrositis after successful treatment with amitriptyline. Journal of Rheumatology 1989; 19: 98–103, suppl
   Google Scholar
• Scudds RA, Charron J, Santilli D, Li CW, Scudds RJ. A survey of people with fibromyalgia on the perceived usefulness of physical therapy. Physiotherapy Canada 1996; 48, abstract 7
   Google Scholar
• Simms WR, Roy SH, Hrovat M, Anderson JJ, Skrinar G. Lack of association between fibromyalgia syndrome and abnormalities in muscle energy metabolism. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1994; 37: 794–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smythe HA. Studies of sleep in fibromyalgia: Techniques, clinical significance, and future directions (editorial). British Journal of Rheumatology 1995; 34: 897–900
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smythe HA, Moldofsky H. Contributions to the understanding of the ‘fibrositis’ syndrome. Bulletin of the Rheumatic Diseases 1977; 28: 928–931
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turk DC, Rudy TE. IASP taxonomy of chronic pain syndromes: Preliminary assessment of reliability. Pain 1987; 30: 177–189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaeroy H, Helle R, Forre O, Kass E, Terenius L. Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: New features for diagnosis. Pain 1988; 32: 231–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasudevan SV. Impairments, disability, and functional capacity assessment. Handbook of pain assessment, DC Turk, R Melzack. Guilford Press, New York 1992; 100–108
   Google Scholar
• Waddell G, Turk DC. Clinical assessment of low back pain. Handbook of pain assessment, DC Turk, R Melzack. Guilford Press, New York 1992; 15–35
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1990; 33: 160–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ. Aspects of fibromyalgia in the general population: Sex, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms. Journal of Rheumatology 1995; 22: 151–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Masi AT, Aldag JC. Short-term effects of ibuprofen in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Journal of Rheumatology 1989; 16: 527–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar