473
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
In Vitro and Animal Studies

Hypocholesterolaemic mechanism of bitter melon aqueous extracts via inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase and reduction of cholesterol micellar solubility

, , , , , & show all
Pages 20-28 | Received 15 May 2015, Accepted 15 Nov 2015, Published online: 13 Dec 2015

References

  • Adisakwattana S, Moonrat J, Srichairat S, Chanasit C, Tirapongporn H, Chanathong B, Sapwarobol S. 2010. Lipid-Lowering mechanisms of grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera L) and its antihyperlidemic activity. J Med Plants Res 4:2113–2120.
  • Ahmed I, Lakhani M, Gillett M, John A, Raza H. 2001. Hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of anti-diabetic Momordica charantia (karela) fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pr 51:155–161.
  • Bhat SG, Brockman HL. 1982. The role of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and synthesis in cholesterol transport across rat intestinal mucosal membrane: a new concept. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 109:486–492.
  • Chávez-Santoscoy RA, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Serna-Saldívar SO. 2013. Effect of flavonoids and saponins extracted from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats as cholesterol micelle disruptors. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 68:416–423.
  • Chen Q, Chan LL, Li ET. 2003. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) reduces adiposity, lowers serum insulin and normalizes glucose tolerance in rats fed a high fat diet. J Nutr 133:1088–1093.
  • Deck LM, Baca ML, Salas SL, Hunsaker LA, Vander Jagt DL. 1999. 3-Alkyl-6-chloro-2-pyrones: selective inhibitors of pancreatic cholesterol esterase. J Med Chem 42:4250–4256.
  • Greenfield NJ. 1999. Applications of circular dichroism in protein and peptide analysis. TRAC-Trend Anal Chem 18:236–244.
  • Han LK, Kimura Y, Kawashima M, Takaku T, Taniyama T, Hayashi T, Okuda H. 2001. Anti-obesity effects in rodents of dietary tea saponin, a lipase inhibitor. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25:1459–1464.
  • Hatch MS, Brown WM, Deck JA, Hunsaker LA, Deck LM, Vander Jagt DL. 2002. Inhibition of yeast lipase (CRL1) and cholesterol esterase (CRL3) by 6-chloro-2-pyrones: comparison with porcine cholesterol esterase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1596:381–391.
  • Hiai S, Oura H, Nakajima T. 1976. Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin and sulfuric acid. Planta Med 29:116–122.
  • Hosie L, Sutton L, Quinn D. 1987. p-Nitrophenyl and cholesteryl-N-alkyl carbamates as inhibitors of cholesterol esterase. J Biol Chem 262:260–264.
  • Howles PN, Carter CP, Hui DY. 1996. Dietary free and esterified cholesterol absorption in cholesterol esterase (bile salt-stimulated lipase) gene-targeted mice. J Biol Chem 271:7196–7202.
  • Hsieh CW, Cheng JY, Wang TH, Wang HJ, Ho WJ. 2014. Hypoglycaemic effects of Ajuga extract in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 6:224–230.
  • Ikeda I, Imasato Y, Sasaki E, Nakayama M, Nagao H, Takeo T, Sugano M. 1992. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1127:141–146.
  • Jayasooriya AP, Sakono M, Yukizaki C, Kawano M, Yamamoto K, Fukuda N. 2000. Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. J Ethnopharmacol 72:331–336.
  • Jeon SY, Imm JY. 2014. Lipase inhibition and cholesterol-lowering activities of lactase-catalyzed catechin polymers. Food Sci Biotechnol 23:1703–1707.
  • Knorr D. 1993. Effects of high-hydrostatic-pressure processes on food safety and quality. Food Technol (USA) 47:156.
  • Li B, Zhou B, Lu H, Ma L, Peng AY. 2010. Phosphaisocoumarins as a new class of potent inhibitors for pancreatic cholesterol esterase. Eur J Med Chem 45:1955–1963.
  • Li F, Li W, Fu H, Zhang Q, Koike K. 2007. Pancreatic lipase-inhibiting triterpenoid saponins from fruits of Acanthopanax senticosus. Chem Pharm Bull 55:1087–1089.
  • Lin G, Shieh CT, Tsai YC, Hwang CI, Lu CP, Chen GH. 1999. Structure-reactivity probes for active site shapes of cholesterol esterase by carbamate inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1431:500–511.
  • Liu W, Zou L, Liu J, Zhang Z, Liu C, Liang R. 2013. The effect of citric acid on the activity, thermodynamics and conformation of mushroom polyphenoloxidase. Food Chem 140:289–295.
  • Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Papworth L. 1977. Effect of alfalfa saponins on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 30:2061–2067.
  • Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C. 1979. Comparative effects of alfalfa saponins and alfalfa fiber on cholesterol absorption in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 32:1810–1812.
  • Mel’nikov SM, ten Hoorn JWS, Eijkelenboom AP. 2004. Effect of phytosterols and phytostanols on the solubilization of cholesterol by dietary mixed micelles: an in vitro study. Chem Phys Lipids 127:121–141.
  • Mohammady I, Elattar S, Mohammed S, Ewais M. 2012. An evaluation of anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic properties of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) fruit extract in experimentally induced diabetes. Life Sci J 9:363–374.
  • Ngamukote S, Mäkynen K, Thilawech T, Adisakwattana S. 2011. Cholesterol-lowering activity of the major polyphenols in grape seed. Molecules 16:5054–5061.
  • Oishi Y, Sakamoto T, Udagawa H, Taniguchi H, Kobayashi-Hattori K, Ozawa Y, Takita T. 2007. Inhibition of increases in blood glucose and serum neutral fat by Momordica charantia saponin fraction. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:735–740.
  • Peng G, Du Y, Wei Y, Tang J, Peng AY, Rao L. 2011. A new synthesis of fully phosphorylated flavones as potent pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 9:2530–2534.
  • Sabrina H, William T, Stephanie H, Kevin K, Daniel Sejer P, Markus P, Abell AD. 2011. New cholesterol esterase inhibitors based on rhodanine and thiazolidinedione scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19:7453–7463.
  • Senanayake GV, Fukuda N, Nshizono S, Wang YM, Nagao K, Yanagita T, Ohta H. 2012. Mechanisms underlying decreased hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol by dietary bitter melon extract in the rat. Lipids 47:495–503.
  • Singleton VL, Rossi JA. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Viticult 16:144–158.
  • Song L, Dong L, Bo H, Yuxin C, Xiaocong L, Youwei W. 2013. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and hypolipidemic effects of the total flavonoids from Nelumbo nucifera leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 149:263–269.
  • Vermeer MA, Mulder TP, Molhuizen HO. 2008. Theaflavins from black tea, especially theaflavin-3-gallate, reduce the incorporation of cholesterol into mixed micelles. J Agric Food Chem 56:12031–12036.
  • Wang S, Sun Z, Dong S, Liu Y, Liu Y. 2014. Molecular interactions between (-)-epigallocatechin gallate analogs and pancreatic lipase. PLoS One 9:e111143.
  • Wei Y, Contreras JA, Sheffield P, Osterlund T, Derewenda U, Kneusel R, Derewenda ZS. 1999. Crystal structure of brefeldin A esterase, a bacterial homolog of the mammalian hormone-sensitive lipase. Nat Struct Biol 6:340–345.
  • Woollett L, Wang Y, Buckley D, Yao L, Chin S, Granholm N, Heubi J. 2006. Micellar solubilisation of cholesterol is essential for absorption in humans. Gut 55:197–204.
  • Yang TT, Koo MW. 1999. Chinese green tea lowers cholesterol level through an increase in fecal lipid excretion. Life Sci 66:411–423.
  • Yi J, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Liao X, Zhang Y, Hu X. 2012. Effect of ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure on the activity and structure of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) polyphenoloxidase. J Agric Food Chem 60:593–599.
  • Zhang J, Zhang W, Mamadouba B, Xia W. 2012. A comparative study on hypolipidemic activities of high and low molecular weight chitosan in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 51:504–508.
  • Zheng Q, Li W, Han L, Koike K. 2007. Pancreatic lipase-inhibiting triterpenoid saponins from Gypsophila oldhamiana. Chem Pharm Bull 55:646–650.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.