Quantitative findings from a mixed methods evaluation of once-weekly therapeutic community day services for people with personality disorder

References

• Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2008). 8-Year follow-up of patients treated for Borderline Personality Disorder: Mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 631–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, W., Hodge, S., & Kirkcaldy, A. (2008). Evaluation of the day services run by agency partnerships and Therapeutic Community Services North. Report no. 115/08, Health and Community Care Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. http://www.liv.ac.uk/haccru/reports/TCSN%20Final%20report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chiesa, M., Bateman, A., Wilberg, T., & Friis, S. (2002a). Patients' characteristics, outcome and cost-benefit of hospital-based treatment for patients with personality disorder: A comparison of three different programmes. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75, 381–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa, M., Fonagy, P., Holmes, J., Drahorad, C., & Harrison-Hall, A. (2002b). Health service use costs by personality disorder following specialist and nonspecialist treatment: A comparative study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16(2), 160–173.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiesa, M., Fonagy, P., Holmes, J., & Drahorad, C. (2004). Residential versus community treatment of personality disorders: A comparative study of three treatment programs. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1463–1470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa, M., & Milton, J. (1992). The Service Utilization Structured Interview. Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Chiesa, M., & Fonagy, P. (2002). From the therapeutic community to the community: A preliminary evaluation of a psychosocial outpatient service for severe personality disorders. Therapeutic Communities, 23(4), 247–259.
   Google Scholar
• Chiesa, M., & Fonagy, P. (2003). Psychosocial treatment for severe personality disorder: 36-month follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(4), 356–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa, M., Iacoponi, E., & Morris, M. (1996). Changes in health service utilisation by patients with severe personality disorders before and after inpatient psychosocial treatment. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 12, 501–512.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, M., & Rutter, D. (2007). Lessons learned from an evaluation of dedicated community-based services for people with personality disorder. Mental Health Review Journal, 12(4), 55–61.
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, L. (2007). Unit costs of health and social care. Canterbury: PSSRU, University of Kent.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, S., & Campling, P. (2003). Therapeutic community treatment of personality disorder: Service use and mortality over 3 years' follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, S24–S27.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, S., Campling, P., & Ryan, K. (1999). Therapeutic community provision at regional and district levels. Psychiatric Bulletin, 23, 79–83.
   Google Scholar
• Dolan, B., Evans, C., & Norton, K. (1995). Multiple Axis-11 diagnoses of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 107–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, B.M., Warren, F.M., Menzies, D., & Norton, K. (1996). Cost-offset following specialist treatment of severe personality disorders. Psychiatric Bulletin, 20(7), 413–417.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, C., Connell, J., Barkham, M., Margison, F., McGrath, G., Mellor-Clark, J., et al.(2002). Towards a standardised brief outcome measure: psychometric properties and utility of the CORE-OM. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz, K. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 253–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haigh, R. (2002). Therapeutic community research: Past, present and future. Psychiatric Bulletin, 26, 65–68.
   Google Scholar
• Haigh, R. (2007a). New kids on the block! The government-funded English personality disorder services. Therapeutic Communities, 28(3), 300–310.
   Google Scholar
• Haigh, R. (2007b). The New Day TCs: Five radical features. Therapeutic Communities, 28(2), summer.
   Google Scholar
• Hellin, K., Göpfert, M., Atkinson, D., Davies, J., Hartley, P., Hyde, K., Mallett, S., McClelland, N., Russell, L., Shilling, L., Winn, D. (2009). Day Therapeutic Community services for people with personality disorder: A new approach. Clinical Psychology Forum, 197, 34–40.
   Google Scholar
• HMSO (2007). Learning the lessons: A multi-method evaluation of dedicated community-based services for people with personality disorder. Report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation (NCCSDO), London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Hodge, S., Barr, W., Göpfert, M., Hellin, K., Horne, A., & Kirkcaldy, A. (2010). Qualitative findings from a mixed methods evaluation of once-weekly therapeutic community day services for people with personality disorder. Journal of Mental Health, 19, 43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huband, N., McMurran, M., Evans, C., & Duggan, C. (2007). Social problem-solving plus psycho-education for adults with personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyler, S., Rieder, R., Williams, J., Spitzer, R., Hendler, J., & Lyons, M. (1988). The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire: Development and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 229–237.
   Google Scholar
• Karterud, S., Vaglum, S., Friis, S., Irion, T., Johns, S., & Vaglum, P. (1992). Day hospital therapeutic community treatment for patients with personality disorders: An empirical evaluation of the containment function. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 238–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees, J., Manning, N., & Rawlings, B. (1999). Therapeutic community effectiveness: A systematic review of therapeutic community treatment for people with personality disorders and mentally disordered offenders. York: NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York.
   Google Scholar
• Leitner, M., Barr, W., & Hobby, L. (2008). Effectiveness of interventions to prevent suicide and suicidal behaviour: A systematic review. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/208329/0055247.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Linehan, M., & Heard, H. (1999). Borderline personality disorder: costs, course and treatment outcomes. In N. Miller & K. Magruder (Eds.), The cost effectiveness of psychotherapy: A guide for practitioners, researchers and policy-makers. (pp. 291–305). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Linehan, M.M., Comtois, K.A., Murray, A.M., Brown, M.Z., Gallop, R.J., Heard, H.L., Korslund, K.E., Tutek, D.A., Reynolds, S.K., & Lindenboim, N. (2006). Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behaviour therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 757–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and management. NICE Clinical Guideline 78. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, London.
   Google Scholar
• Ogrodniczuk, J., & Piper, W. (2001). Day treatment for personality disorders: A review of research findings. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 9, 105–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, S., & Haigh, R. (2008). Mini Therapeutic Communities – a new development in the United Kingdom. Therapeutic Communities, 29(2), 111–124.
   Google Scholar
• Prendergast, M.L., Podus, D., & Chang, E. (2000). Program factors and treatment outcomes in drug dependence treatment: An examination using meta-analysis. Substance Use and Misuse, 35(12–14), 1931–1965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigby, M., & Ashman, D. (2008). Service innovation: A virtual informal network of care to support a ‘lean’ therapeutic community in a new rural personality disorder service. Psychiatric Bulletin, 32, 64–67.
   Google Scholar
• Rutter, D., & Crawford, M. (2005). The efficacy of therapeutic communities in the treatment of personality disorders. Psychiatry, 4(3), 19.
   Google Scholar
• Slade, M., Powell, R., Rosen, A., & Strathdee, G. (2000). Threshold Assessment Grid (TAG): The development of a valid and brief scale to assess the severity of mental illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, 75–85.
   Google Scholar
• Tyrer, P. (2005). What's new in… Psychiatry: Personality disorders. Medicine, 32(7), 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Tyrer, P., Nur, U., Crawford, M., Karlsen, S., McLean, C., Rao, B., & Johnson, T. (2005). The Social Functioning Questionnaire: A rapid and robust measure of perceived functioning. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 51, 265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer, P., & Simmonds, S. (2003). Treatment models for those with severe mental illness and co-morbid personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 15–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanarini, M. (2003). Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD): A continuous measure of DSM-IV borderline psychopathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(3), 233–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar