Acute psychological benefits of exercise: Reconsideration of the placebo effect

References

• Anderson, R.J., & Brice, S. (2011). The mood-enhancing benefits of exercise: Memory biases augment the effect. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 12(2), 79–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellocco, R., Jia, C., Ye, W., & Lagerros, Y.T. (2010). Effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference on total mortality risk in the Swedish National March Cohort. European Journal of Epidemiology, 25(11), 777–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, B.G., & Motl, R.W. (2000). Exercise and mood: A selective review and synthesis of research employing the Profile of Mood States. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 69–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, B.G., & Owen, D.R. (1992). Mood alteration with yoga and swimming: Aerobic exercise may not be necessary. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75(3), 1331–1343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biddle, S. (1995). Exercise and psychological health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66, 292–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biddle, S.J.H., Fox, K.R., & Boutcher, S.H. (Eds.). (2000). Physical activity and psychological well-being. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Biddle, S.J.H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Psychology of physical activity. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Blair, S.N., Kohl, H.W., & Barlow, C.E. (1993). Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy men and women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 12, 368–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, W.J., Mishra, G., Lee, C., & Bauman, A. (2000). Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: Relationship with well being and symptoms. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(3), 206–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crum, A.J., & Langer, E.J. (2007). Mind-set maters: Exercise and the placebo effect. Psychological Science, 18, 165–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasilva, S.G., Guidetti, L., Buzzachera, C.F., Elsangedy, H.M., Krinski, K., De Campos, W., (2011). Psychophysiological response to self-paced treadmill and overground exercise. Medicine & Science Sports & Exercise, 43(6), 1114–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desharnais, R., Jobin, J., Cote, C., Levesque, L., & Godin, G. (1993). Aerobic exercise and the placebo effect: A controlled study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55(2), 149–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, A.L., & Dishman, R.K. (1991). Exercise and the neurobiology of depression. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 19, 41–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekkekakis, P. (2009). Let them roam free? Physiological and psychological evidence for the potential of self-selected exercise intensity in public health. Sports Medicine, 39(10), 857–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekkekakis, P., & Petruzzello, S.J. (1999). Acute aerobic exercise and affect: Current status, problems and prospects regarding dose-response. Sports Medicine, 28, 337–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontaine, K.R. (2000). Physical activity improves mental health. Physician and Sports Medicine, 28(10), 83–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, C.J., Stevens, L.C., & Coast, J.R. (2001). Exercise duration and mood state: How much is enough to feel better? Health Psychology, 20(4), 267–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, M.D., & Hoffman, D.R. (2008). Exercisers achieve greater acute exercise-induced mood enhancement than nonexercisers. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 89(2), 358–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, P. (1997). The endorphin hypothesis. In W.P. Morgan (Ed.), Physical activity and mental health (pp. 163–177). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Jonas, S., & Phillips, E.M. (2009). ACSM's exercise is medicine^TM: A clinician's guide to exercise prescription. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Karageorghis, C.I., Jones, L., & Low, D.C. (2006). Relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo preference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(2), 240–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koltyn, K.F. (1997). The thermogenic hypothesis. In W.P. Morgan (Ed.), Physical activity and mental health (pp. 213–226). Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Lavey, R., Sherman, T., Mueser, K.T., Osborne, D.D., Currier, M., & Wolfe, R., (2005). The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(4), 399–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R.S. (1988). The psychology of stress and coping. In C.D. Spielberger & I.G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (pp. 399–418). New York: Hemisphere Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, D., Sui, X., Ortega, F.B., Kim, Y.S., Church, T.S., Winett, R.A., (2011). Comparison of leisure-time physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality in men and women. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(6), 504–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G., & Yin, J.C. (2008). The effects of shadowboxing on mood and beta-Ep in still condition of female college students. Journal of Beijing Sport University, 31(3), 357.
   Google Scholar
• Minjung, W., Sungwoon, K., Jingu, K., Petruzzello, S.J., & Hatfield, B.O. (2010). The influence of exercise intensity on frontal electroencephalographic asymmetry and self-reported affect. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 81(3), 349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, W.P. (1985). Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 17(1), 64–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, W.P., & O'Connor, P.J. (1988). Exercise and mental health. In R.K. Dishman (Ed.), Exercise adherence: Its impact on public health (pp. 91–121). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Nabetani, T., & Tokunaga, M. (2001). The effect of short term (10- and 15-min) running on self-selected intensity on mood alteration. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 20(4), 231–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norris, R., Carroll, D., & Cochrane, R. (1990). The effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on fitness, blood pressure, and psychological stress and well-being. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 34, 367–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, R., Carroll, D., & Cochrane, R. (1992). The effects of physical activity and exercise training on psychological stress and well-being in an adolescent population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 55–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor, P.J., Raglin, J.S., & Martinsen, E.W. (2000). Physical activity, anxiety and anxiety disorders. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 136–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paluska, S.A., & Schwenk, T.L. (2000). Physical activity and mental health: Current concepts. Sports Medicine, 29(3), 167–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrovic, P., Kalso, E., Petersson, K.M., & Ingvar, M. (2002). Placebo and opioid analgesia – imaging a shared neural network. Science, 295, 1737–1740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petruzzello, S.J., Landers, D.M., Hatfield, B.D., Kubitz, K.A., & Salazar, W. (1991). A meta-analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise. Sports Medicine, 11, 143–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petruzzello, S.J., Snook, E.M., Gliottoni, R.C., & Motl, R.W. (2009). Anxiety and mood changes associated with acute cycling in persons with multiple sclerosis. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 22(3), 297–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, K.E., & Blair, S.N. (1994). The public health burdens of sedentary living habits: Theoretical but realistic estimates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 851–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, D.D., Finniss, D.G., & Benedetti, F. (2008). A comprehensive review of the placebo effect: Recent advances and current thought. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 565–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raglin, J.S. (1990). Exercise and mental health: Beneficial and detrimental effects. Sports Medicine, 9, 323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokka, S., Mavridis, G., & Kouli, O. (2010). The impact of exercise intensity on mood state of participants in dance aerobics programs. Physical Culture & Tourism, 17(3), 241–245.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeldt, F., Braun, L., Spitzer, O., Bradley, S., Shepherd, J., Bailey, M., (2011). Physical conditioning and mental stress reduction: A randomised trial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandlund, E.S., & Norlander, T. (2000). The effects of tai chi chuan relaxation and exercise on stress responses and well-being: An overview of research. Journal of Stress Management, 7, 139–149.
   Google Scholar
• Stanforth, D., Steinhardt, M., Mackert, M., Stanforth, P.R., & Gloria, C.T. (2011). An investigation of exercise and the placebo effect. American Journal of Health Behaviour, 35(3), 257–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, P.K., & Boutcher, S.H. (1992). The effect of participation in exercise training program on cardiovascular reactivity in sedentary middle-aged males. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 13, 215–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart-Williams, S., & Podd, J. (2004). The placebo effect: Dissolving the expectancy versus conditioning debate. Psychological Bulletin, 130(2), 324–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll, O. (1997). Endorphine, Laufsucht und runner's high. Aufstieg und niedergang eines mythos (Endogenous opiates, “runner's high” and “exercise addiction” – the rise and decline of a myth). Leipziger Sportwissenschaftliche Beitraege, 28(1), 102–121.
   Google Scholar
• Streeter, C.C., Whitfield, T.H., Owen, L., Rein, T., Karri, S.K., Yakhkind, A., (2010). Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain GABA levels: A randomized controlled MRS study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(11), 1145–1152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, A.B., Covington, E., & Scheman, J. (2010). Immediate benefits of a brief 1-minute exercise protocol in a chronic pain population: A pilot study. Pain Medicine, 11(4), 524–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo, A. (2003). Acute psychological benefits of exercise performed at self-selected workloads: Implications for theory and practice. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2, 77–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szabo, A. (2010). Addiction to exercise: A symptom or a disorder? New York: Nova Science Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Szabo, A., & Ábrahám, J. (2012). The psychological benefits of recreational running: A field study. Psychology, Health & Medicine (ahead of print). doi: 10.1080/13548506.2012.701755
   Google Scholar
• Szabo, A., Mesko, A., Caputo, A., & Gill, E.T. (1998). Examination of exercise-induced feeling states in four modes of exercise. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29(4), 376–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng, C.N., Gau, B.S., & Lou, M.F. (2011). The effectiveness of exercise on improving cognitive function in older people: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Research, 19(2), 119–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, E., & Evans, C. (2001). The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74(1), 115–120.
   Google Scholar
• Vancampfort, D., De Hert, M., Knapen, J., Wampers, M., Demunter, H., Deckx, S., (2011). State anxiety, psychological stress and positive well-being responses to yoga and aerobic exercise in people with schizophrenia: A pilot study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(8), 684–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Bannuru, R., Ramel, J., Kupelnick, B., Scott, T., & Schmid, C.H. (2010). Tai Chi on psychological well-being: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10, 23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wullimann, S. (2010). Placebo expectancies as a mechanism in the psychological and physiological benefits of physical exercise ( Unpublished master's thesis). Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Wullimann,%20Simon_2010_Thesis.pdf
   Google Scholar