1,352
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
EDITORIAL

PTSD in the armed forces: What have we learned from the recent cohort studies of Iraq/Afghanistan?

&
Pages 397-401 | Published online: 10 Sep 2013

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III (3rd ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Andrews, B., Brewin, C.R., Philpott, R., & Stewart, L. (2007). Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1319–1326.
  • Ben-Zeev, D., Corrigan, P., Britt, T.W., & Langford, L. (2012). Stigma of mental illness and service use in the military. Journal of Mental Health, 21(3), 264–273.
  • Berntsen, D., Johannessen, K.B., Thomsen, Y.D., Bertelsen, M., Hoyle, R.H., & Rubin, D.C. (2012). Peace and war: Trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms before, during, and after military deployment in Afghanistan. Psychological Science, 23(12), 1557–1565.
  • Bonanno, G.A., Mancini, A.D., Horton, J.L., Powell, T.M., LeardMann, C.A., Boyko, E.J., (2012). Trajectories of trauma symptoms and resilience in deployed US military service members: prospective cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(4), 317–323.
  • Fear, N.T., Jones, M., Murphy, D., Hull, L., Iversen, A.C., Coker, B., (2010). What are the consequences of deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the mental health of the UK armed forces? A cohort study. The Lancet, 375(9728), 1783–1797.
  • Goodwin, L., Jones, M., Rona, R.J., Sundin, J., Wessely, S., & Fear, N.T. (2012). Prevalence of delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder in military personnel: Is there evidence for this disorder?: Results of a prospective UK cohort study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200(5), 429–437.
  • Greenberg, N., Thomas, S., Wessely, S., Hull, L., Iversen, A., & Unwin, C. (2003). Do military peacekeepers want to talk about their experiences? Perceived psychological support of UK military peacekeepers on return from deployment. Journal of Mental Health, 12(6), 565–573.
  • Harvey, S.B., Hatch, S.L., Jones, M., Hull, L., Jones, N., Greenberg, N., (2012). The long-term consequences of military deployment: A 5-year cohort study of United Kingdom reservists deployed to Iraq in 2003. American Journal of Epidemiology, 176(12), 1177–1184.
  • Iversen, A., van Staden, L., Hughes, J., Browne, T., Hull, L., Hall, J., (2009). The prevalence of common mental disorders and PTSD in the UK military: using data from a clinical interview-based study. BMC Psychiatry, 9(1), 68.
  • Iversen, A., van Staden, L., Hughes, J., Greenberg, N., Hotopf, M., Rona, R., (2011). The stigma of mental health problems and other barriers to care in the UK Armed Forces. BMC Health Services Research, 11(1), 31.
  • Jones, N., Wink, P., Brown, R.A., Berrecloth, D., Abson, E., Doyle, J., (2011). A clinical follow-up study of reserve forces personnel treated for mental health problems following demobilisation. Journal of Mental Health, 20(2), 136–145.
  • Jones, N., Seddon, R., Fear, N.T., McAllister, P., Wessely, S., & Greenberg, N. (2012). Leadership, cohesion, morale, and the mental health of UK armed forces in Afghanistan. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 75(1), 49–59.
  • Jones, M., Sundin, J., Goodwin, L., Hull, L., Fear, N.T., Wessely, S., (2013). What explains post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK service personnel: Deployment or something else? Psychological Medicine, 43(8), 1703–1712.
  • Koenen, K., Stellman, J., Stellman, S., & Sommer, J. (2003). Risk factors for course of posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans: A 14-year follow-up of American Legionnaires. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(6), 980–986.
  • Langston, V., Greenberg, N., Fear, N., Iversen, A., French, C., & Wessely, S. (2010). Stigma and mental health in the Royal Navy: A mixed methods paper. Journal of Mental Health, 19(1), 8–16.
  • Milliken, C.S., Auchterlonie, J.L., & Hoge, C.W. (2007). Longitudinal assessment of mental health problems among active and reserve component soldiers returning from the Iraq war. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(18), 2141–2148.
  • Mulligan, K., Jones, N., Davies, M., McAllister, P., Fear, N.T., Wessely, S., (2012). Effects of home on the mental health of British forces serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 201(3), 193–198.
  • Pietrzak, R.H., Van Ness, P.H., Fried, T.R., Galea, S., & Norris, F.H. (2013). Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in older persons affected by a large-magnitude disaster. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(4), 520–526.
  • Pinder, R.J., Greenberg, N., Boyko, E.J., Gackstetter, G.D., Hooper, T.I., Murphy, D., (2012). Profile of two cohorts: UK and US prospective studies of military health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(5), 1272–1282.
  • Rona, R.J., Hyams, K.C., & Wessely, S. (2005). Screening for psychological illness in military personnel. JAMA, 293(10), 1257–1260.
  • Rona, R.J., Hooper, R., Jones, M., Iversen, A.C., Hull, L., Murphy, D., (2009). The contribution of prior psychological symptoms and combat exposure to post Iraq deployment mental health in the UK military. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(1), 11–19.
  • Rona, R.J., Jones, M., Sundin, J., Goodwin, L., Hull, L., Wessely, S., (2012). Predicting persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK military personnel who served in Iraq: A longitudinal study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(9), 1191–1198.
  • Schindel-Allon, I., Aderka, I.M., Shahar, G., Stein, M., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2010). Longitudinal associations between post-traumatic distress and depressive symptoms following a traumatic event: a test of three models. Psychological Medicine, 40(10), 1669–1678.
  • Schnurr, P., Lunney, C., & Sengupta, A. (2004). Risk factors for the development versus maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(2), 85–95.
  • Smith, T.C., Ryan, M.A.K., Wingard, D.L., Slymen, D.J., Sallis, J.F., & Kritz-Silverstein, D. (2008). New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: Prospective population based US military cohort study. BMJ, 336(7640), 366–371.
  • Sundin, J., Fear, N.T., Iversen, A., Rona, R.J., & Wessely, S. (2010). PTSD after deployment to Iraq: Conflicting rates, conflicting claims. Psychological Medicine, 40(3), 367–382.
  • Wessely, S., & Jones, E. (2004). Psychiatry and the ‘lessons of Vietnam’: What were they, and are they still relevant? War & Society, 22(1), 89–103.
  • Wilson, J., Jones, M., Hull, L., Hotopf, M., Wessely, S., & Rona, R.J. (2008). Does prior psychological health influence recall of military experiences? A prospective study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(4), 385–393.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.