References
- American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2009 update at a glance. Electronic citation. http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1240250946756LS-1982 HeartandStrokeUpdate.042009.pdf. Last accessed 29 January 2010.
- Pound P, Gompertz P, Ebrahim S. A patient-centered study of the consequences of stroke. Clin Rehabil 1998;12:338–347.
- Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, Mulroy SJ. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke 1995;26:982–989.
- Keenan MA, Perry J, Jordan C. Factors affecting balance and ambulation following stroke. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1984;182:165–171.
- Lord SE, McPherson K, McNaughton HK, Rochester L, Weatherall M. Community ambulation after stroke: how important and obtainable is it and what measure appear predictive? Arch of Phys Med Rehabil 2004;86:234–239.
- Hill K, Ellis P, Bernhardt J, Maggs P, Hull S. Balance and mobility outcomes for stroke patients: a comprehensive audit. Aust J Physiother 1997;43:173–180.
- Shumway-Cook A, Patla AE, Stewart A, Ferrucci L, Ciol MA, Guralnik JM. Environmental demands associated with community mobility in older adults with and without mobility disabilities. Phys Ther 2002;82:670–681.
- Shumway-Cook A, Guralnik JM, Phillips CL, Coppen AK, Ciol MA, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L. Age-associated declines in complex walking task performance: the Walking InCHIANTI toolkit. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:58–65.
- Frank JS, Patla AE. Balance and mobility challenges in older adults: implications for preserving community mobility. Am J Prev Med 2003;25:157–163.
- Collen FM, Wade DT, Bradshaw CM. Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability. Int Disabil Stud 1990;12:6–9.
- Forlander DA, Bohannon RW. Rivermead Mobility Index: a brief review of research to date. Clin Rehabil 1999;13:97–100.
- Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Maki B. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Pub Health 1992;83(Suppl 2):S7–S11.
- Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987;67:206–207.
- Palmer ML, Epler M. Fundamentals of musculoskeletal assessment techniques. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998.
- Trudelle-Jackson E, Jackson AW, Frankowski CM, Long KM, Meske NB. Interdevice reliability and validity assessment of the Nicholas Hand-Held Dynamometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1994;20:302–306.
- O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, editors. Physical rehabilitation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2007.
- Andrews AW, Bohannon RW. Distribution of muscle strength impairments following stroke. Clin Rehabil 2000;14:79–87.
- Patterson SL, Forrester LW, Rodgers MM, Ryan AS, Ivey FM, Sorkin JD, Macko RF. Determinants of walking function after stroke: differences by deficit severity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88:115–119.
- Michael KM, Allen JK, Macko RF. Reduced ambulatory activity after stroke: the role of balance, gait and cardiovascular fitness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:1552–1556.
- Kollen B, van de Port I, Lindeman E, Twisk J, Kwakkel G. Predicting improvement in gait after stroke: a longitudinal prospective study. Stroke 2005;36:2676–2680.
- Lu T, Yen HC, Chen H, Hsu WC, Chen SC, Hong SW, Jeng JS. Symmetrical kinematic changes in highly functioning older patients post stroke during obstacle crossing. Gait Posture 2010;31:511–516.
- Said CM, Galea M, Lythgo N. Obstacle crossing performance does not differ between the first and subsequent attempts in people with stroke. Gait Posture 2009;30:455–458.
- Lord SE, Rochester L, Weatherall M, McPherson KM, McNaughton HK. The effect of environment and task on gait parameters after stroke: a randomized comparison of measurement conditions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87:967–973.