2,576
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Papers

Feasibility, criterion validity and retest reliability of exercise testing using the Astrand-rhyming test protocol with an adaptive ergometer in stroke patients

, , &
Pages 1149-1156 | Received 30 Oct 2010, Accepted 24 Oct 2011, Published online: 08 Dec 2011

References

  • Irish Heart Foundation. National audit of stroke care. Dublin: Irish Heart Foundation; 2008.
  • Chen JK, Chen TW, Chen CH, Huang MH. Preliminary study of exercise capacity in post-acute stroke survivors. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2010;26:175–181.
  • Bachynski-Cole M, Cimming GR. The cardiovascular fitness of disabled patients attending occupational therapy. Occup Ther J Res 1985;5:233–242.
  • Macko RF, DeSouza CA, Tretter LD, Silver KH, Smith GV, Anderson PA, Tomoyasu N, et al. Treadmill aerobic exercise training reduces the energy expenditure and cardiovascular demands of hemiparetic gait in chronic stroke patients. A preliminary report. Stroke 1997;28:326–330.
  • Potempa K, Braun LT, Tinknell T, Popovich J. Benefits of aerobic exercise after stroke. Sports Med 1996;21:337–346.
  • Potempa K, Lopez M, Braun LT, Szidon JP, Fogg L, Tincknell T. Physiological outcomes of aerobic exercise training in hemiparetic stroke patients. Stroke 1995;26:101–105.
  • Palmer-McLean K, Wilberger JE. Stroke and head injury. In: Durstine M. G., editor. ACSM’s exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities. Champaign, IL: ACSM; 1997. pp. 169–174.
  • Kelly JO, Kilbreath SL, Davis GM, Zeman B, Raymond J. Cardiorespiratory fitness and walking ability in subacute stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1780–1785.
  • Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, Eckel RH, Fair JM, Fortmann SP, Franklin BA, et al. AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: 2002 Update: Consensus Panel Guide to Comprehensive Risk Reduction for Adult Patients Without Coronary or Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases. American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Circulation 2002;106:388–391.
  • Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, Balady GJ, Williams MA, Marcus BH, Berra K, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Subcommittee on Physical Activity. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003;107:3109–3116.
  • Jolliffe J, Rees K, Taylor RRS, Thompson DR, Oldridge N, Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001. CD001800.
  • Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, Jolliffe J, Noorani H, Rees K, Skidmore B, et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2004;116:682–692.
  • MacKay-Lyons MJ, Makrides L. Cardiovascular stress during a contemporary stroke rehabilitation program: is the intensity adequate to induce a training effect? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:1378–1383.
  • Saunders DH, Greig CA, Young A, Mead GE, Saunders D. Physical fitness training for stroke patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009. CD003316.
  • Gordon NF, Gulanick M, Costa F, Fletcher G, Franklin BA, Roth EJ, Shephard T; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology, Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention; the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the Stroke Council. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention; the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the Stroke Council. Circulation 2004;109:2031–2041.
  • Liu M, Tsuji T, Hase K, Hara Y, Fujiwara T. Physical fitness in persons with hemiparetic stroke. Keio J Med 2003;52:211–219.
  • Beaver WL, Lamarra N, Wasserman K. Breath-by-breath measurement of true alveolar gas exchange. J Appl Physiol 1981;51:1662–1675.
  • Linnarsson D, Lindborg B. Breath-by-breath measurement of respiratory gas exchange using on-line analog computation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1974;34:219–224.
  • Bassett DR Jr, Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:70–84.
  • Tang A, Sibley KM, Thomas SG, McIlroy WE, Brooks D. Maximal exercise test results in subacute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87:1100–1105.
  • Noonan V, Dean E. Submaximal exercise testing: clinical application and interpretation. Phys Ther 2000;80:782–807.
  • American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000.
  • Eng JJ, Dawson AS, Chu KS. Submaximal exercise in persons with stroke: test-retest reliability and concurrent validity with maximal oxygen consumption. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:113–118.
  • Irish Heart Foundation Council on Stroke. Towards excellence in stroke care. Dublin: Irish Heart Foundation; 2000.
  • Teixeira-Salmela LF, Olney SJ, Nadeau S, Brouwer B. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:1211–1218.
  • Rimmer JH, Rauworth AE, Wang EC, Nicola TL, Hill B. A preliminary study to examine the effects of aerobic and therapeutic (nonaerobic) exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk reduction in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:407–412.
  • Macko RF, Smith GV, Dobrovolny CL, Sorkin JD, Goldberg AP, Silver KH. Treadmill training improves fitness reserve in chronic stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:879–884.
  • Dobrovolny CL, Ivey FM, Rogers MA, Sorkin JD, Macko RF. Reliability of treadmill exercise testing in older patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1308–1312.
  • Billinger SA, Tseng BY, Kluding PM. Modified total-body recumbent stepper exercise test for assessing peak oxygen consumption in people with chronic stroke. Phys Ther 2008;88:1188–1195.
  • Janssen TW, Beltman JM, Elich P, Koppe PA, Konijnenbelt H, de Haan A, Gerrits KH. Effects of electric stimulation-assisted cycling training in people with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:463–469.
  • Ivey FM, Macko RF, Ryan AS, Hafer-Macko CE. Cardiovascular health and fitness after stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2005;12:1–16.
  • Astrand PO, Rodahl K. Text Book of work physiology: Physiological basis of exercise. New York: McGraw Hill; 1986.
  • Lennon O, Blake C. Cardiac rehabilitation adapted to transient ischaemic attack and stroke (CRAFTS): a randomised controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2009;9:9.
  • Eng JJ, Dawson AS, Chu KS. Submaximal exercise in persons with stroke: test, retest reliability and concurrent validity with maximal oxygen consumption. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:113–118.
  • Astrand I. Aerobic work capacity in men and women with special reference to age. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1960;49:1–92.
  • Legge BJ, Banister EW. The Astrand-Ryhming nomogram revisited. J Appl Physiol 1986;61:1203–1209.
  • Cink RE, Thomas TR. Validity of the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram for predicting maximal oxygen intake. Br J Sports Med 1981;15:182–185.
  • Holden MK, Gill KM, Magliozzi MR, Nathan J, Piehl-Baker L. Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired. Reliability and meaningfulness. Phys Ther 1984;64:35–40.
  • Banks JL, Marotta CA. Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review and synthesis. Stroke 2007;38:1091–1096.
  • Bland JM, Altman DG. Measurement error and correlation coefficients. BMJ 1996;313:41–42.
  • Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research. Applications to practice. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 2000. pp. 568–575.
  • Mackay-Lyons MJ, Makrides L. Exercise capacity early after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:1697–1702.
  • Siconolfi SF, Cullinane EM, Carleton RA, Thompson PD. Assessing VO2max in epidemiologic studies: modification of the Astrand-Rhyming test. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982;14:335–338.
  • King M, Guarracini M, Lennihan L, Freeman D, Gagas B, Boston A et al. Adaptive exercise testing for patients with hemiparesis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 1989;9:237–242.
  • Derman WE, Sims R, Noakes TD. The effects of antihypertensive medications on the physiological response to maximal exercise testing. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992;19 Suppl 5:S122–S127.
  • Wilmore JH, Freund BJ, Joyner MJ, Hetrick GA, Hartzell AA, Strother RT, Ewy GA, Faris WE. Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade: implications for the prescription of exercise. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:135D–141D.
  • Eng JJ, Chu KS, Dawson AS, Kim CM, Hepburn KE. Functional walk tests in individuals with stroke: relation to perceived exertion and myocardial exertion. Stroke 2002;33:756–761.
  • Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Stringer WW, Whipp BJ. Principles of exercise testing and interpretation: including pathophysiology and clinical applications. 4th ed. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
  • Macko RF, Ivey FM, Forrester LW, Hanley D, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, Silver KH, Goldberg AP. Treadmill exercise rehabilitation improves ambulatory function and cardiovascular fitness in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 2005;36:2206–2211.
  • Grant S, Aitchison T, Henderson E, Christie J, Zare S, McMurray J, Dargie H. A comparison of the reproducibility and the sensitivity to change of visual analogue scales, Borg scales, and Likert scales in normal subjects during submaximal exercise. Chest 1999;116:1208–1217.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.