Executive dysfunction post-stroke: an insight into the perspectives of physiotherapists

References

• Donnan GA, Fisher M, Macleod M, Davis SM. Stroke. Lancet 2008;371:1612–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D, Patil CG. Epidemiology and the global burden of stroke. World Neurosurg 2011;76:S85–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Switzerland, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Mackay J, Mensah G. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. Switzerland, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, et al. The effect of a stroke unit: reductions in mortality, discharge rate to nursing home, length of hospital stay, and cost. A community-based study. Stroke 1995;26:1178–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilling K, Sterne JA, Rudd AG, et al. A new method for predicting recovery after stroke. Stroke 2001;32:2867–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmond DW, Moroney JT, Sano M, Stern Y. Recovery of cognitive function after stroke. Stroke 1996;27:1798–803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Stern Y, Paik M. Cognitive impairment after stroke: frequency, patterns, and relationship to functional abilities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1994;57:202–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochstenbach J, van Spaendonck KPM, Cools AR, et al. Cognitive deficits following stroke in the basal ganglia. Clin Rehabil 1998;12:514–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaria RN, Ballard C. Stroke and cognition. Cur Atherscler Rep 2001;3:334–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ballard C, Stephens S, McLaren A, et al. Neuropsychological deficits in older stroke patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;977:179–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel MD, Coshall C, Rudd AG, Wolfe CDA. Cognitive impairment after stroke: clinical determinants and its associations with long-term stroke outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:700–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard C, Stephens S, McLaren A, et al. Mild cognitive impairment and vascular cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Int Psychogeriatr 2003;15:123–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel M, Coshall C, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD. Natural history of cognitive impairment after stroke and factors associated with its recovery. Clin Rehabil 2003;17:158–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan NJ, Kendall DL, Heaton SC, et al. Conceptualizing functional cognition in stroke. Neurorehabil Neur Rep 2008;22:122–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendlebury ST, Rothwell PM. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:1006–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowd JM, Filion DL, Pohl PS, et al. Attentional abilities and functional outcomes following stroke. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003;58B:45–53
   Google Scholar
• Nys GM, van Zandvoort MJ, de Kort PL, et al. The prognostic value of domain-specific cognitive abilities in acute first-ever stroke. Neurology 2005;64:821–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinn S, Bosworth HB, Hoenig HM, Swartzwelder HS. Executive function deficits in acute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88:173–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesniak M, Bak T, Czepiel W, et al. Frequency and prognostic value of cognitive disorders in stroke patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis 2008;26:356–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker-Collo S, Feigin V, Lawes C, et al. Natural history of attention deficits and their influence on functional recovery from acute stages to 6 months after stroke. Neuroepidemiol 2010;35:255–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagle J, Farner L, Flekkøy K, et al. Early post-stroke cognition in stroke rehabilitation patients predicts functional outcome at 13 months. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis 2011;31:379–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohjasvaara T, Leskela M, Vataja R, et al. Post-stroke depression, executive dysfunction and functional outcome. Eur J Neurol 2002;9:269–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu-Ambrose T, Pang MY, Eng JJ. Executive function is independently associated with performances of balance and mobility in community-dwelling older adults after mild stroke: implications for falls prevention. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;23:203–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hommel M, Miguel ST, Naegele B, et al. Cognitive determinants of social functioning after a first ever mild to moderate stroke at vocational age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2009;80:876–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaillard A, Naegele B, Trabucco-Miguel S, et al. Hidden dysfunctioning in subacute stroke. Stroke 2009;40:2473–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahlman U, Gutierrez-Perez C, Savborg M, et al. Cognitive function and improvement of balance after stroke in elderly people: the Gothenburg cognitive stroke study in the elderly. Disabil Rehabil 2011;33:1952–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahlman U, Savborg M, Tarkowski E. Cognitive dysfunction and physical activity after stroke: the Gothenburg Cognitive Stroke Study in the Elderly. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Diseases 2012;21:652–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf TJ, Barbee AR, White D. Executive dysfunction immediately after mild stroke. OTJR 2011;31:S23–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker-Collo S, Starkey N, Lawes CM, et al. Neuropsychological profiles of 5-year ischemic stroke survivors by oxfordshire stroke classification and hemisphere of lesion. Stroke 2012;43:50–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu-Ambrose T, Pang MYC, Eng JJ. Executive function is independently associated with performances of balance and mobility in community-dwelling older adults after mild stroke: implications for falls prevention. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;23:203–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes S, Donnellan C, Stokes E. Associations between executive function and physical function post-stroke: a pilot study. Physiotherapy 2013;99:165–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studer M. Rehabilitation of executive function: to err is human, to be aware—divine. J Neurol Phys Ther 2007;31:128–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandelowski M. Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies. Res Nurs Health 2000;23:246–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neergaard MA, Olesen F, Anderson RA, Sondergaard J. Qualitative descriptionthe poor cousin of health research? BioMed Central Med Res Methodol 2009;52:1–5
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger J. Qualitative research. Introducing focus groups. BMJ 1995;311:299–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1998
   Google Scholar
• Mellion LR, Tovin MM. Grounded theory: a qualitative methodology for physical therapy. Physiother Theory Pract 2002;18:109–20
   Google Scholar
• Rindflesch AB. A grounded-theory investigation of patient education in physical therapy practice. Physiother Theory Pract 2009;25:193–202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masley PM, Havrilko CL, Mahensmith MR, et al. Physical therapist practice in the acute care setting: a qualitative study. Phys Ther 2011;91:906–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander AP, Wilson J, Izzo N, et al. Factors that affect decisions about physical activity and exercise in survivors of breast cancer: a qualitative study. Phys Ther 2012;92:525–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles MB, Huberman MA. Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1994
   Google Scholar
• Milne J, Oberle K. Enhancing rigor in qualitative description: a case study. J Wound, Ostomy Continence Nurses Soc 2005;32:413–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell MN, Smith AE, Mackintosh SF. Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in adults with neurological disorders: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:1044–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffin JT, Collins DR, Coughlan T, et al. Subtle memory and attentional deficits revealed in an Irish stroke patient sample using domain-specific cognitive tasks. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2012;34:864–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O. A Compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006
   Google Scholar
• Alexander M, Stuss DT. Frontal injury: impairments of fundamental processes lead to functional consequences. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006;12:192–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rucker JL, McDowd JM, Kluding PM. Executive function and type 2 diabetes: putting the pieces together. Physi Ther 2012;92:454–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes S, Donnellan C, Stokes E. The measurement and impairment of executive function after stroke and concepts for physiotherapy. Phys Ther Rev 2011;16:178–90
   Google Scholar
• Cicerone KD, Langenbahn DM, Braden C, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:519–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung CSY. Cognitive rehabilitation for executive dysfunction in adults with stroke or other adult non-progressive acquired brain damage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;30:CD008391
   Google Scholar
• Poulin V, Korner-Bitensky N, Dawson DR, Bherer L. Efficacy of executive function interventions after stroke: a systematic review. Top Stroke Rehabil 2012;19:158–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skidmore ER, Whyte EM, Holm MB, et al. Cognitive and affective predictors of rehabilitation participation after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91:203–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenze EJ, Munin MC, Quear T, et al. Significance of poor patient participation in physical and occupational therapy for functional outcome and length of stay. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1599–601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakkel G, van Peppen R, Wagenaar RC, et al. Effects of augmented exercise therapy time after stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke 2004;35:2529–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvin R, Cusack T, O’Grady E, et al. Family-mediated exercise intervention [FAME]: evaluation of a novel form of exercise delivery after stroke. Stroke 2011;42:681–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otterman NM, van der Wees PJ, Bernhardt J, Kwakkel G. Physical therapists’ guideline adherence on early mobilization and intensity of practice at dutch acute stroke units: a country-wide survey. Stroke 2012;43:2395–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melvin JL. Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary activities and the ACRM. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980;6:379–80
   Google Scholar
• Suddick K, de Souza L. Therapists’ experiences and perceptions of teamwork in neurological rehabilitation: reasoning behind the team approach, structure and composition of the team and teamworking processes. Physiother Res Int 2006;11:72–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar