Prevalence, impact and treatment of spasticity in nursing home patients with central nervous system disorders: a cross-sectional study

References

• Nair KP, Marsden J. The management of spasticity in adults. BMJ Med. 2014;349:g4737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin A, Abogunrin S, Kurth H, et al. Epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden of illness of lower limb spasticity in adults: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:111–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opheim A, Danielsson A, Alt Murphy M, et al. Upper-limb spasticity during the first year after stroke: stroke arm longitudinal study at the university of Gothenburg. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;93:884–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wissel J, Manack A, Brainin M. Toward an epidemiology of poststroke spasticity. Neurology. 2013;80:S13--S19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard FM, Karunas RS, Waring III WP. Epidemiology of spasticity following traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990;71:566–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreau L, Proulx P, Gagnon L, et al. Secondary impairments after spinal cord injury: a population-based study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;79:526–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skold C, Levi R, Seiger A. Spasticity after traumatic spinal cord injury: nature, severity, and location. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1548–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagberg B, Hagberg G, Beckung E, et al. Changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. VIII. Prevalence and origin in the birth year period 1991–94. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90:271–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wichers MJ, Odding E, Stam HJ, et al. Clinical presentation, associated disorders and aetiological moments in cerebral palsy: a Dutch population-based study. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:583--589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodin DS. Survey of multiple sclerosis in northern California. Northern California MS Study Group. Mult Scler. 1999;5:78–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo MA, Hadjimichael OC, Preiningerova J, et al. Prevalence and treatment of spasticity reported by multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 2004;10:589–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance JW. The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement: Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology. 1980;30:1303–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance JW. What is spasticity? Lancet. 1990;335:606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandyan AD, Gregoric M, Barnes MP, et al. Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:2–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekand T. Clinical assessment and management of spasticity: a review. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2010;190:62–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhakta BB, Cozens JA, Chamberlain MA, et al. Impact of botulinum toxin type A on disability and carer burden due to arm spasticity after stroke: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69:217–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esquenazi A. Fall and fractures in older post-stroke patients with spasticity: consequences and drug treatment considerations. Clin Geriatrics. 2004;12:27–35.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson AJ, Jarrett L, Lockley L, et al. Clinical management of spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:459–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolswijk AHM, Dirkx AEM. Behandeling van spasticiteit in verpleeghuizen. Botulinetoxine A als onderdeel van de therapie (Treatment of spasticity in nursing homes. Botulinum toxin A as part of the treatment). Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2015;159:465–469 [published in Dutch].
   Google Scholar
• Lundstrom E, Smits A, Borg J, et al. Four-fold increase in direct costs of stroke survivors with spasticity compared with stroke survivors without spasticity: the first year after the event. Stroke. 2010;41:319–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhakta BB. Management of spasticity in stroke. Br Med Bull. 2000;56:476–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987;67:206–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams MM, Ginis KA, Hicks AL, et al. The spinal cord injury spasticity evaluation tool: development and evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:1185–1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spasticity protocol in adult stroke patients. Rehabilitation Medical Center Groot Klimmendaal Arnhem, Rehabilitation Center Sint Maartenskliniek Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2010 [published in Dutch].
   Google Scholar
• Brunnstrom S. Motor testing procedures in hemiplegia: based on sequential recovery stages. Phys Ther. 1966;46:357–375.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gladstone DJ, Danells CJ, Black SE. The Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2002;16:232–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collen FM, Wade DT, Bradshaw CM. Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability. Int Disabil Stud. 1990;12:6–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collin C, Wade D. Assessing motor impairment after stroke: a pilot reliability study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53:576–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchignoni FP, Tesio L, Ricupero C, et al. Trunk control test as an early predictor of stroke rehabilitation outcome. Stroke. 1997;28:1382–1385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden MK, Gill KM, Magliozzi MR, et al. Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired: reliability and meaningfulness. Phys Ther. 1984;64:35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill CE, Bryant J, Charles PD, et al. Prevalence and impact of spasticity in a single nursing home. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:e52
   Google Scholar
• Morley A, Tod A, Cramp M, et al. The meaning of spasticity to people with multiple sclerosis: what can health professionals learn? Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35:1284–1292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollen BJ, Kwakkel G, Lindeman E. Functional recovery after stroke: a review of current developments in stroke rehabilitation research. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2006;1:75–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakhtiary AH, Fatemy E. Does electrical stimulation reduce spasticity after stroke? A randomized controlled clinical trial study. Clin Rehabil. 2008;22:418–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatone S. Orthotic management in stroke. Stroke recovery and rehabilitation, Vol. 31. New York, NY: Demos Medical Publishing; 2008. p. 515–530.
   Google Scholar
• Ward AA. Summary of spasticity management – a treatment algorithm. Eur J Neurol. 2002;9:48–52; discussion 53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr EK, Kenney FD. Positioning of the stroke patient: a review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud. 1992;29:355–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi M, Salari M, Khorvash F, et al. A literature review on the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin: an injection in post-stroke spasticity. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4:S147–S158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meijer R, Wolswijk A, Van Eijsden H. Prevalence, impact and treatment of spasticity in nursing home patients with central nervous system disorders, a cross-sectional study. Poster presentation at the 4th UK-Dutch Rehabilitation Meeting. Rehabilitation Medical Centre Groot Klimmendaal Arnhem, The Netherlands: Harrogate, UK; 2013.
   Google Scholar