Difficulties in adjustment to multiple sclerosis: vulnerability and unpredictability of illness in the foreground

References

• Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2002;359:1221–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupont S. Multiple sclerosis. In: Baum A, McManus C, Newman S, et al, editors. Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine. London: Cambridge Univ Press; 1997. p. 5385–5440.
   Google Scholar
• Schiavolin S, Leonardi M, Giovannetti AM, et al. Factors related to difficulties with employment in patients with multiple sclerosis: a review of 2002–2011 literature. Int J Rehabil Res. 2013;36:105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso A, Hernán MA. Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2008;71:129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennison L, Moss-Morris R, Chalder T. A review of psychological correlates of adjustment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29:141–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aikens JE, Fischer JS, Namey M, et al. A replicated prospective investigation of life stress, coping, and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis. J Behav Med. 1997;20:433–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ridder D, Geenen R, Kuijer R, et al. Psychological adjustment to chronic disease. Lancet. 2008;372:246–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wineman M. Adaptation to multiple sclerosis: the role of social support, functional disability, and perceived uncertainty. Nurs Res. 1990;39:294–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiaffino KM, Shawaryn MA, Blum D. Examining the impact of illness representations on psychological adjustment to chronic illnesses. Health Psychol. 1998;17:262–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matson R, Brooks N. Adjusting to multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study. Soc Sci Med. 1977;11:245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldow P, Pavlou M. Physical and psychosocial functioning in multiple sclerosis: descriptions, correlations and a tentative typology. Br J Med Psychol. 1998;61:185–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Ridder D, Schreurs K, Bensing J. The relative benefits of being optimistic: optimism as a coping resource in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Br J Health Psychol. 2000;5:141–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakenham KI. Adjustment to multiple sclerosis: application of a stress and coping model. Health Psychol. 1999;18:383–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jean VM, Paul RH, Beatty WW. Psychological and neuropsychological predictors of coping patterns by patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Psychol. 1999;55:21–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr DC, Goodkin DE, Gatto N, et al. Depression, coping and level of neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 1997;3:254–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushlin A, Mooney C, Grow V, et al. Group R-TMS. The value of diagnostic information to patients with suspected multiple sclerosis. Rochester-Toronto MRI Study Group. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:67–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nortvedt MW, Riise T, Myhr KM, et al. Reduced quality of life among multiple sclerosis patients with sexual disturbance and bladder dysfunction. Mult Scler. 2001;7:231–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jopson M, Moss-Morris M. The role of illness severity and illness representations in adjusting to multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54:503–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wineman NM, Schwetz KM, Goodkin DE, et al. Relationships among illness uncertainty, stress, coping, and emotional well-being at entry into a clinical drug trial. Appl Nurs Res. 1997;9:53–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrie KJ, Weinman JA, editors. Perceptions of health and illness: current research and applications. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Leventhal H, Nerenz DR, Steele DJ. Illness representations and coping with health threats. In: Baum A, Singer J, editors. A handbook of psychology and health. Hillsdale (NJ): Erlbaum; 1984. p. 2192–2252.
   Google Scholar
• Leventhal H, Benyamini Y, Brownlee S, et al. Illness representations: theoretical foundations. In: Petrie KJ, Weinman J, editors. Perceptions of health and illness. London: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1997. p. 19–45.
   Google Scholar
• Petrie KJ, Cameron LD, Ellis CJ, et al. Changing illness perceptions following myocardial infarction: an early intervention randomized controlled trial. Psychosom Med. 2002;64:580–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly GF. Chronicity: concept and reality. Holist Nurs Pract. 1993;8:1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paterson BL. The koala has claws: applications of the shifting perspectives model in research of chronic illness. Qual Health Res. 2003;13:987–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson BL. The shifting perspectives model of chronic illness. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2001;33:21–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zunszain PA, Hepgul N, Pariante CM. Inflammation and depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2013;14:135–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strauss AL, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. London: SAGE; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy and the new behavior therapies: mindfulness, acceptance and relationship. In Hayes SC, Follette VM, Linehan M, editors. Mindfulness and acceptance: expanding the cognitive behavioral tradition. New York: Guilford; 2004. p. 1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Klein M. Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. J Psychother Pract Res. 1996;5:160–179.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garland C, editor. Understanding trauma: a psychoanalytical approach. (Tavistock Clinic Series). London: G. Duckworth & Co; 1998, 210 S.
   Google Scholar
• Bion WR. Learning from experience. London: William Heinemann; 1962.
   Google Scholar