Limited access to HIV risk-reduction services in South African substance abuse treatment facilities

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR (4th ed. revised). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead GS, Klein SJ, Candelas AR, O’Connell DA, Rothman JR, Feldman IS, et al. Integrating multiple programme and policy approaches to hepatitis C prevention and care for injection drug users: A comprehensive approach. International Journal of Drug Policy 2007; 18: 417–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, Janssen RS, Taylor AW, Lyss SB. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health care settings. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports 2006; 55: 1–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corsi KF, Lehman WK, Booth RE. The effect of methadone maintenance on positive outcomes for opiate injection drug users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2009, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.11.004. Retrieved June 5, 2009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Durkin EM. An organisational analysis of psychosocial and medical services in outpatient drug abuse treatment programs. Social Service Review 2002; 76: 406–429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell M, Gowing L, Marsden J, Ling W, Ali R. Effectiveness of drug dependence treatment in HIV prevention. International Journal of Drug Policy 2005; 16S: S67–S75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grella CE, Etheridge RM, Joshi V, Anglin MD. Delivery of HIV risk-reduction services in drug treatment programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2000; 19: 229–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lott DC, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Bigelow GE, Johnson RE. HIV risk behaviours during pharmacologic treatment for opioid dependence: A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2006; 312: 187–194
   Google Scholar
• McNeely J, Arnsten JH, Gourevitch MN. Improving access to sterile syringes and safe syrine disposal for injection drug users in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2006; 31: 51–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Phillips B, Weisssing L, Hickman M, Strathdee SA, et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: A systematic review. The Lancet 2008; 372: 1733–1745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers B, Parry CDH. Access to substance abuse treatment for Black South Africans: Findings from audits of specialist substance abuse treatment facilities. South African Psychiatry Review 2005; 8: 15–19
   Google Scholar
• Myers B, Louw J, Fakier N. Alcohol and drug abuse: removing structural barriers to treatment for historically disadvantaged communities in Cape Town. International Journal of Social Welfare 2008; 17: 156–165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. Principles of drug addiction treatment. A research-based guide. US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Washington 1999
   Google Scholar
• Norusis M. SPSS 15: Guide to data analysis. SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill 2007
   Google Scholar
• Parry C, Pithey A. Risk behaviour and HIV among drug using populations in South Africa. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies 2006; 5: 139–156
   Google Scholar
• Parry CDH, Plüddemann A, Myers BJ. Heroin treatment demand in South Africa: Trends from two large metropolitan sites (January 1997–December 2003). Drug and Alcohol Review 2005; 24: 419–423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry C, Petersen P, Carney T, Dewing S, Needle R. Rapid assessment of drug use and sexual HIV risk patterns among vulnerable drug-using populations in Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria, South Africa. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 2008; 5: 113–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plüddemann, A., Parry, C. D. H., Bhana, A., Dada, S., & Fourie, D. (2009). South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) Update: 29 May 2009. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council. Retrieved June 22, 2009, from www.sahealthinfo.org/admodule/sacendumay2009.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Plüddemann A, Parry CDH, Flisher AJ, Jordaan E. Heroin users in Cape Town, South Africa: Injecting practices, HIV-related risk behaviours, and other health consequences. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2008; 40: 273–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawson R, Gonzales R, Pearce V, Marinelli-Casey P, Ang A, Brummer J. Methamphetamine dependence and human immunodeficiency virus risk behavior. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2008; 35: 279–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• South African Department of Health. (2008). The National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey Sou Africa 2007. Pretoria: Department of Health. Retrieved June 22, 2009, from http://www.doh.gov.za.
   Google Scholar
• Stadler J, Hlongwa L. Monitoring and evaluation of loveLife's AIDS prevention and advocacy activities in South Africa (1999–2001). Evaluation and Program Planning 2002; 25: 365–376
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strathdee SA, Sherman SG. The role of sexual transmission of HIV infection among injection and non-injection drug users. Journal of Urban Health 2003; 80: ii7–iii14
   Google Scholar
• Sylla L, Bruce D, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL. Integration and colocation of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and drug treatment services. International Journal of Drug Policy 2007; 18: 306–312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar