References
- Badrakalimuthu, V.R., Rumball, D., & Wagle, A. (2010). Drug misuse in older people: Old problems and new challenges. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16, 421–429
- Budney, A.J., Hughes, J.R., Moore, B.A., & Vandrey, R. (2004). Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1967–1977
- Budney, A., Roffman, R., Stephens, R.S., & Walker, D. (2007). Marijuana dependence and its treatment. Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, 4, 4–16
- Burns, R.M., Caulkins, J.P., Everingham, S.S., & Kilmer, B. (2013). Statistics on cannabis users skew perceptions of cannabis use. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 138
- Cascini, F., Aiello, C., & Di Tanna, G. (2012). Increasing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(Δ-9-THC) content in herbal cannabis over time: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 5, 32–40
- CochraneLibrary. (2013). Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005336.pub3/abstract (Accessed 26/3/15)
- Copeland, J., & Allsop, D. (2014). Dedicated ‘cannabis only’ treatment clinics in New South Wales, Australia: Client and treatment characteristics and associations with first-time treatment seeking. Drug and Alcohol Review, 33, 565–571
- Copeland, J., Swift, W., & Rees, V. (2001). Clinical profile of participants in a brief intervention program for cannabis use disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 20, 45–52
- Copeland, J., & Swift, W. (2009). Cannabis use disorder: Epidemiology and management. International Review of Psychiatry, 21, 96–103
- Danovitch, I., & Gorelick, D.A. (2012). State of the art treatments for cannabis dependence. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35, 309–326
- Davis, M.L., Powers, M.B., Handelsman, P., Medina, J.L., Zvolensky, M., & Smits, J.A.J. (2015). Behavioural therapies for treatment seeking cannabis users: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 38, 94–114
- Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., & Lynskey, M. (2003). Testing hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71, 37–48
- Dennis, M., Babor, T.F., Roebuck, M.C., & Donaldson, J. (2002). Changing the focus: The case for recognizing and treating cannabis use disorders. Addiction, 97, 4–15
- Denis, C., Lavie, E., Fatseas, M., & Auriacombe, M. (2006). Psychotherapeutic interventions for cannabis abuse and/or dependence in outpatient settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, 1–20
- Di Forti, M., Marconi, A., Carra, E., Fraietta, S., Trotta, A., Bonomo, M., & Murray, R.M. (2015). Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: A case-control study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 233–238
- Drugscope. (2014). It’s about time: Tackling substance misuse in older people: A briefing by DrugScope on behalf of the recovery partnership. Retrieved from http://www.drugscope.org.uk/Resources/Drugscope/Documents/PDF/Policy/ItsAboutTimeWeb.pdf
- Elkashef, A., Vocci, F., Huestis, M., Haney, M., Budney, A., Gruber, A., & el-Guebaly, N. (2008). Marijuana, neurobiology and treatment. Substance Abuse, 29, 17–29
- EMCDDA. (2015). Treatment of cannabis-related disorders in Europe. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
- Gates, P., Copeland, J., Swift, W., & Martin, G. (2012). Barriers and facilitators to cannabis treatment. Drug and Alcohol Review, 31, 311–319
- Gowing, L.R., Ali, R.L., Allsop, S., Marsden, J., Turf, E.E., West, R., & Witton, J. (2015). Global statistics on addictive behaviours: 2014 status report. Addiction, 110, 904–919
- Hamilton, I., Lloyd, C., Monaghan, M., & Paton, K. (2014). The emerging cannabis treatment population. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 14, 150–153
- Hamilton, I., Galdas, P., & Essex, H. (2015). Cannabis psychosis, gender matters. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 8, 153–162
- HM Government. (2010). Drug strategy 2010: Reducing demand, restricting supply and building recovery supporting people to live a drug free life. London: Home Office
- HM Government. (2015). Drug strategy 2010: “A balanced approach”. Third Annual Review, Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/407334/Cross-Government_Drug_Strategy_Annual_Review.pdf
- Home Office. (2014). Extent and trends in illicit drug use among adults: Drug misuse 2013–2014. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/tables-for-drug-misuse-findings-from-the-2013-to-2014-csew
- Marshall, K., Gowing, L., Ali, R., & Le Foll, B. (2014). Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Art. No.: CD008940
- Montanari, L., Serafini, M., Busch, M., Kontogeorgiou, K., et al. (2011). Gender and regional differences in client characterstics among substance abuse treatment clients in the Europe. Drugs, Education, Prevention and Policy, 18, 24–31
- NICE (2007). Drug Misuse – Psychosocial Interventions. NICE Clinical Guideline 51, July 2007. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg51/resources/guidance-drug-misuse-psychosocial-interventions-pdf.
- Norstrom, B.R., & Levin, F.R. (2007). Treatment of cannabis use disorders: A review of the literature. American Journal of Addiction, 16, 331–342
- Pawson, R., & Tilley, N. (1997). Realistic evaluation. London: Sage
- Pinikahana, J., Happell, B., & Carta, B. (2002). Mental health professionals’ attitudes to drugs and substance abuse. Nursing & Health Sciences, 4, 57–62
- Potter, G.R., Barratt, M.J., Malm, A., Bouchard, M., Blok, T., Christensen, A.S., & Wouters, M. (2014). Global patterns of domestic cannabis cultivation: Sample characteristics and patterns of growing across eleven countries. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 226–237
- Public Health England. (2014). Drug treatment in England 2013–14. Retrieved from http://www.nta.nhs.uk/uploads/drug-treatment-in-england-2013-14-commentary.pdf (Accessed 27/12/14)
- Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2011). Our invisible addicts; First report of the older persons’ substance misuse. Working Group of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (College Report CR165) Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Seddon, T. (2006). Drugs, crime and social exclusion: Social context and social theory in British drugs-crime research. British Journal of Criminology, 46, 680–703
- Shiner, M. (2015). Drug policy reform and the reclassification of cannabis in England and Wales: A cautionary tale. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 696–704
- Tait, R.J., Spijkerman, R., & Riper, H. (2013). Internet and computer based interventions for cannabis use: A meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133, 295–304
- Temple, E.C., Brown, R.F., & Hine, D.W. (2011). The “grass ceiling”: Limitations in the literature hinder our understanding of cannabis use and its consequences. Addiction, 106, 238–244
- Vandrey, R., Haney, M. (2009). Pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: How close are we? CNS Drugs, 27, 543–553
- Winstock, A., Lynskey, M., Borschmann, R., & Waldron, J. (2015). Risk of emergency medical treatment following consumption of cannabis or synthetic cannabinoids in a large global sample. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29, 698–703