Structural and functional divergence of the newly identified GtrIc from its Gtr family of conserved Shigella flexneri serotype-converting glucosyltransferases

References

• Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, Clemens JD, Swerdlow DL, Sansonetti PJ, 1999. Global burden of Shigella infections: Implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull World Health Organ 77(8):651–666.
   Google Scholar
• Ram PK, Crump JA, Gupta SK, Miller MA, Mintz ED. 2008. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005. Epidemiol Infect 136(5):577–603.
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, Cao B, Liu B, Liu D, Gao Q, Peng X, 2009. Molecular detection of all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella. J Med Microbiol 58(Pt 1):69–81.
   Google Scholar
• Levine MM, Kotloff KL, Barry EM, Pasetti MF, Sztein MB. 2007. Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: Two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road. Nat Rev Microbiol 5(7):540–553.
   Google Scholar
• Allison GE, Verma NK. 2000. Serotype-converting bacteriophages and O-antigen modification in Shigella flexneri. Trends Microbiol 8(1):17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Guan S, Bastin DA, Verma NK. 1999. Functional analysis of the O antigen glucosylation gene cluster of Shigella flexneri bacteriophage SfX. Microbiology 145(Pt 5):1263–1273.
   Google Scholar
• Korres H, Mavris M, Morona R, Manning PA, Verma NK. 2005. Topological analysis of GtrA and GtrB proteins encoded by the serotype-converting cassette of Shigella flexneri. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 328(4):1252–1260.
   Google Scholar
• Mavris M, Manning PA, Morona R. 1997. Mechanism of bacteriophage SfII-mediated serotype conversion in Shigella flexneri. Mol Microbiol 26(5):939–950.
   Google Scholar
• Stagg RM, Tang SS, Carlin NI, Talukder KA, Cam PD, Verma NK. 2009. A novel glucosyltransferase involved in O-antigen modification of Shigella flexneri serotype 1c. J Bacteriol 191(21):6612–6617.
   Google Scholar
• Wehler T, Carlin NI. 1988. Structural and immunochemical studies of the lipopolysaccharide from a new provisional serotype of Shigella flexneri. Eur J Biochem 176(2):471–476.
   Google Scholar
• Stagg RM, Cam PD, Verma NK. 2008. Identification of newly recognized serotype 1c as the most prevalent Shigella flexneri serotype in northern rural Vietnam. Epidemiol Infect 136(8):1134–1140.
   Google Scholar
• von Seidlein L, Kim DR, Ali M, Lee H, Wang X, Thiem VD, 2006. A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries: Disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. PLoS Med 3(9):e353.
   Google Scholar
• Talukder KA, Islam Z, Islam MA, Dutta DK, Safa A, Ansaruzzaman M, 2003. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of provisional serotype Shigella flexneri 1c and clonal relationships with 1a and 1b strains isolated in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 41(1):110–117.
   Google Scholar
• Korres H, Verma NK. 2004. Topological analysis of glucosyltransferase GtrV of Shigella flexneri by a dual reporter system and identification of a unique reentrant loop. J Biol Chem 279(21):22469–22476.
   Google Scholar
• Lehane AM, Korres H, Verma NK. 2005. Bacteriophage-encoded glucosyltransferase GtrII of Shigella flexneri: Membrane topology and identification of critical residues. Biochem J 389(Pt 1):137–143.
   Google Scholar
• Alexeyev MF, Winkler HH. 1999. Membrane topology of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase revealed by novel dual pho-lac reporters. J Mol Biol 285(4):1503–1513.
   Google Scholar
• Korres H, Verma NK. 2006. Identification of essential loops and residues of glucosyltransferase V (GtrV) of Shigella flexneri. Mol Membr Biol 23(5):407–419.
   Google Scholar
• Cserzo M, Wallin E, Simon I, von Heijne G, Elofsson A. 1997. Prediction of transmembrane alpha-helices in prokaryotic membrane proteins: The dense alignment surface method. Protein Eng 10(6):673–676.
   Google Scholar
• Tusnady GE, Simon I. 1998. Principles governing amino acid composition of integral membrane proteins: Application to topology prediction. J Mol Biol 283(2):489–506.
   Google Scholar
• Rost B, Sander C. 1993. Prediction of protein secondary structure at better than 70% accuracy. J Mol Biol 232(2):584–599.
   Google Scholar
• Hirokawa T, Boon-Chieng S, Mitaku S. 1998. SOSUI: Classification and secondary structure prediction system for membrane proteins. Bioinformatics 14(4):378–379.
   Google Scholar
• Sonnhammer EL, von Heijne G, Krogh A. 1998. A hidden Markov model for predicting transmembrane helices in protein sequences. Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol 6:175–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hofmann K, Stoffel W. 1993. TMbase – a database of membrane spanning protein segments. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 374:166.
   Google Scholar
• von Heijne G. 1992. Membrane protein structure prediction. Hydrophobicity analysis and the positive-inside rule. J Mol Biol 225(2):487–494.
   Google Scholar
• Sambrook J, Russell WD. 2001. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. 3rd ed. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sugiyama JE, Mahmoodian S, Jacobson GR. 1991. Membrane topology analysis of Escherichia coli mannitol permease by using a nested-deletion method to create mtlA-phoA fusions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88(21):9603–9607.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrmann M, Boyd D, Beckwith J. 1990. Genetic analysis of membrane protein topology by a sandwich gene fusion approach. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87(19):7574–7578.
   Google Scholar
• Thanweer F, Tahiliani V, Korres H, Verma NK. 2008. Topology and identification of critical residues of the O-acetyltransferase of serotype-converting bacteriophage, SF6, of Shigella flexneri. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 375(4):581–585.
   Google Scholar
• Manoil C. 1991. Analysis of membrane protein topology using alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase gene fusions. Methods Cell Biol 34:61–75.
   Google Scholar
• Miller JH. 1992. A short course in bacterial genetics: A laboratory manual and handbook for Escherichia Coli and related bacteria. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carlin NI, Rahman M, Sack DA, Zaman A, Kay B, Lindberg AA. 1989. Use of monoclonal antibodies to type Shigella flexneri in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 27(6):1163–1156.
   Google Scholar
• Heijne GV. 1986. The distribution of positively charged residues in bacterial inner membrane proteins correlates with the trans-membrane topology. EMBO J 5(11):3021–3027.
   Google Scholar
• Lasso G, Antoniw JF, Mullins JG. 2006. A combinatorial pattern discovery approach for the prediction of membrane dipping (re-entrant) loops. Bioinformatics 22(14):e290–297.
   Google Scholar
• Viklund H, Granseth E, Elofsson A. 2006. Structural classification and prediction of reentrant regions in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins: Application to complete genomes. J Mol Biol 361:591–603.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Lee A, Chen J, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R. 2002. Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel. Nature 417(6888):515–522.
   Google Scholar
• Savage DF, Egea PF, Robles-Colmenares Y, O'Connell JD 3rd, Stroud RM. 2003. Architecture and selectivity in aquaporins: 2.5 an X-ray structure of aquaporin Z. PLoS Biol 1(3):E72.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt HT, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauss N. 2001. Three-dimensional structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I at 2.5 A resolution. Nature 411(6840):909–917.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu Q, Yu L, Chitnis VP, Chitnis PR. 1994. Function and organization of photosystem I in a cyanobacterial mutant strain that lacks PsaF and PsaJ subunits. J Biol Chem 269(5):3205–3211.
   Google Scholar
• Busch C, Hofmann F, Selzer J, Munro S, Jeckel D, Aktories K. 1998. A common motif of eukaryotic glycosyltransferases is essential for the enzyme activity of large clostridial cytotoxins. J Biol Chem 273(31):19566–19572.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena IM, Brown RM Jr, Fevre M, Geremia RA, Henrissat B. 1995. Multidomain architecture of beta-glycosyl transferases: Implications for mechanism of action. J Bacteriol 177(6):1419–1424.
   Google Scholar
• Unligil UM, Rini JM. 2000. Glycosyltransferase structure and mechanism. Curr Opin Struct Biol 10(5):510–517.
   Google Scholar
• Contreras I, Ortiz-Zapater E, Aniento F. 2004. Sorting signals in the cytosolic tail of membrane proteins involved in the interaction with plant ARF1 and coatomer. Plant J 38(4):685–698.
   Google Scholar
• Zerangue N, Malan MJ, Fried SR, Dazin PF, Jan YN, Jan LY, 2001. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum trafficking signals by combinatorial screening in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(5):2431–2436.
   Google Scholar