Relationship between chronic stress and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in elderly Alzheimer's disease caregivers

References

• Alevizaki M, Cimponeriu A, Lekakis J, Papamichael C, Chrousos GP. 2007. High anticipatory stress plasma cortisol levels and sensitivity to glucocorticoids predict severity of coronary artery disease in subjects undergoing coronary angiography. Metabolism. 56:222–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan PL, Mowbray PI, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG. 1997. Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. The Edinburgh artery study. Stroke. 28:348–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando F, Takekuma K, Niino N, Shimokata H. 2000. Ultrasonic evaluation of common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)-influence of local plaque on the relationship between IMT and age. J Epidemiol. 10:S10–S17.
   Google Scholar
• Aschbacher K, Mills PJ, von Känel R, Hong S, Mausbach BT, Roepke SK, Dimsdale JE, Patterson TL, Ziegler MG, Ancoli-Israel S, Grant I. 2008. Effects of depressive and anxious symptoms on norepinephrine and platelet P-selectin responses to acute psychological stress among elderly caregivers. Brain Behav Immun. 22:493–502.
   Google Scholar
• Black PH, Garbutt LD. 2002. Stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Psychosom Res. 52:1–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bots ML, Evans GW, Riley WA, Grobbee DE. 2003. Carotid intima-media thickness measurements in intervention studies. Stroke. 34:2985–2994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. 1989. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatr Res. 28:193–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandola T, Ferrie JE, Perski A, Akabaraly T, Marmot MG. 2010. The effect of short sleep duration on coronary heart disease risk is greatest among those with sleep disturbance: a prospective study from the Whitehall II cohort. Sleep. 33:739–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinton SK, Libby P. 1992. Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 116:1292–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craven TE, Ryu JE, Espeland MA, Kahl FR, McKinney WM, Toole JF, McMahan MR, Thompson CJ, Heiss G, Crouse JR3rd. 1990. Evaluation of the associations between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. A case-control study. Circulation. 82:1230–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Freitas EV, Brandão AA, Pozzan R, Magãlhies ME, Castier M, Brandão AP. 2008. Study of the intima-media thickening in carotid arteries of healthy elderly with high blood pressure and elderly with high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Clin Interv Aging. 3:525–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich M, Jacques PF, Polak JF, Keyes MJ, Pencina MJ, Evans JC, Wolf PA, Selhub J, Vasan RS, D'Agostino RB. 2011. Segment-specific association between plasma homocysteine level and carotid artery intima-media thickness in the Framingham offspring study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 20:155–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaa A, Eide IK, Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M. 2008. Sympathoadrenal stress reactivity is a predictor of future blood pressure: an 18-year follow-up study. Hypertension. 52:336–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo LC, Troxel WM, Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Edmundowicz D, Matthews KA. 2003. Marital status, marital quality, and atherosclerotic burden in postmenopausal women. Psychosom Med. 65:952–962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo LC, Troxel WM, Matthews KA, Jansen-McWilliams L, Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K. 2003. Occupation and subclinical carotid artery disease in women: are clerical workers at greater risk?. Health Psychol. 22:19–29.
   Google Scholar
• Gimbrone MAJ, Topper JN, Nagel T, Anderson KR, Garcia-Cardeña G. 2000. Endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic foces, and atherogenesis. Ann NY Acad Sci. 902:230–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath D, Smith P, Harris P, Winson M. 1973. The atherosclerotic human carotid sinus. J Pathol. 110:49–58.
   Google Scholar
• Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Pulkki L, Puttonen S, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. 2007. Cardiac autonomic reactivity and recovery in predicting carotid atherosclerosis: the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study. Health Psychol. 26:13–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintsanen M, Elovainio M, Puttonen S, Kivimaki M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimaki T, Rontu R, Juonala M, Kahonen M, Viikari J, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. 2007. Neuregulin-1 genotype moderates the association between job strain and early atherosclerosis in young men. Ann Behav Med. 33:148–155.
   Google Scholar
• Hintsanen M, Kivimaki M, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Raback L, Keskivaara P, Juonala M, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. 2005. Job strain and early atherosclerosis: the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study. Psychosom Med. 67:740–747.
   Google Scholar
• Howard G, Sharrett AR, Heiss G, Evans GW, Chambless LE, Riley WA, Burke GL. 1993. Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in general populations as evaluated by B-mode ultrasound. ARIC investigators. Stroke. 24:1297–1304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janicki DL, Kamarck TW, Shiffman S, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Gwaltney CJ. 2005. Frequency of spousal interaction and 3-year progression of carotid artery intima medial thickness: the Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project. Psychosom Med. 67:889–896.
   Google Scholar
• Kamarck TW, Muldoon MF, Shiffman SS, Sutton-Tyrrell K. 2007. Experiences of demand and control during daily life are predictors of carotid atherosclerotic progression among healthy men. Health Psychol. 26:324–332.
   Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Knight BG. 2008. Effects of caregiver status, coping styles, and social support on the physical health of Korean American caregivers. Gerontologist. 48:287–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Colditz GA, Berkman LF, Kawachi I. 2003. Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. women: a prospective study. Am J Prev Med. 24:113–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M. 2007. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 115:459–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low CA, Salomon K, Matthews KA. 2009. Chronic life stress, cardiovascular reactivity, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in adolescents. Psychosom Med. 71:927–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnon AD, Jerrard-Dunne P, Sitzer M, Buehler A, von Kegler S, Markus HS. 2004. Rates and determinants of site-specific progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness: the carotid atherosclerosis progression study. Stroke. 35:2150–2154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney R, Regan C, Katona C, Livingston G. 2005. Anxiety and depression in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer disease: the LASER-AD study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 13:795–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek AM, Alper SL, Izumo S. 1999. Hemodynamic shear stress and its role is atherosclerosis. JAMA. 282:2035–2042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mausbach BT, Ancoli-Israel S, von Känel R, Patterson T, Aschbacher K, Mills P, Ziegler M, Dimsdale J, Calleran S, Grant I. 2006. Sleep disturbance, norepinephrine, and D-dimer are all related in elderly caregivers of people with Alzheimer disease. Sleep. 29:1331–1336.
   Google Scholar
• Mausbach BT, Dimsdale JE, Ziegler MG, Mills PJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Patterson TL, Grant I. 2005. Depressive symptoms predict norepinephrine response to a psychological stressor task in Alzheimer's caregivers. Psychosom Med. 67:638–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills PJ, Ziegler MG, Patterson T, Dimsdale JE, Hauger R, Irwin M, Grant I. 1997. Plasma catecholamine and lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptor alterations in elderly Alzheimer caregivers under stress. Psychosom Med. 59:251–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris JC. 1993. The clinical dementia rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 43:2412–2414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash SD, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Nieto FJ, Ryff CD, Krantz EM, Shubert CR, Nondahl DM, Acher CW. 2011. Socioeconomic status and subclinical atherosclerosis in older adults. Prev Med. 52:208–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SKJr. 1999. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 340:14–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Savage PJ, Borhani NO, Kittner SJ, Tracy R, Gardin JM, Price TR, Furberg CD. 1996. Thickening of the carotid wall. A marker for atherosclerosis in the elderly? Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Stroke. 27:224–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Woflson SKJ, Bond MG, Bommer W, Sheth S, Psaty BM, Sharrett AR, Manolio TA. 1991. Use of sonography to evaluate carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke. 22:1155–1163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlin LI, Mullan JT, Semple SJ, Skaff MM. 1990. Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures. Gerontologist. 5:583–594.
   Google Scholar
• Polak JF, Person SD, Wei GS, Godreau A, Jacobs DR, Harrington A, Sidney S, O'Leary DH. 2010. Segment-specific associations of carotid intima-media thickness with cardiovascular risk factors: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Stroke. 41:9–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prati P, Tosetto A, Vanuzzo D, Bader G, Casaroli M, Canciani L, Castellani S, Touboul PJ. 2008. Carotid intima media thickness and plaques can predict the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular events. Stroke. 39:2470–2479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R. 1986. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis—an update. N Engl J Med. 314:488–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R. 1999. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 340:115–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosvall M, Ostergren PO, Hedblad B, Isacsson SO, Janzon L, Berglund G. 2002. Work-related psychosocial factors and carotid atherosclerosis. Int J Epidemiol. 31:1169–1178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz R, Beach SR. 1999. Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality: the caregiver health effects study. JAMA. 282:2215–2219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz R, O'Brien AT, Bookwala J, Fleissner K. 1995. Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: prevalence, correlates, and causes. Gerontologist. 35:771–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw WS, Patterson TL, Ziegler MG, Dimsdale JE, Semple SJ, Grant I. 1999. Accelerated risk of hypertensive blood pressure recordings among Alzheimer caregivers. J Psychosom Res. 46:215–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst T, Lonn E, Kendall CB, Mohler ER, Najjar SS, Rembold CM, Post WS. 2008. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-media Thickness Task Force endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 21:93–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe A, Donald AE, O'Donnell K, Marmot M, Deanfield JE. 2006. Delayed blood pressure recovery after psychological stress is associated with carotid intima-media thickness: Whitehall psychobiology study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 26:2547–2551.
   Google Scholar
• Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, Adams H, Amarenco P, Desvarieux M, Ebrahim S, Fatar M, Hernandez Hernandez R, Kownator S, Prati P, Rundek T, Taylor A, Bornstein N, Csiba L, Vicaut E, Woo KS, Zannad F, Advisory Board of the 3rd Watching the Risk Symposium 2004 tESC. 2004. Mannheim intima-media thickness consensus. Cerebrovasc Dis. 18:346–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troxel WM, Matthews KA, Bromberger JT, Sutton-Tyrrell K. 2003. Chronic stress burden, discrimination, and subclinical carotid artery disease in African American and Caucasian women. Health Psychol. 22:300–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitaliano PP, Scanlan JM, Zhang J, Savage MV, Hirsch IB, Siegler IC. 2002. A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med. 64:418–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Känel R, Dimsdale JE, Mills PJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Patterson TL, Mausbach BT, Grant I. 2006. Effect of Alzheimer caregiving stress and age on frailty markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 61A:963–969.
   Google Scholar
• von Känel R, Mausbach BT, Patterson TL, Dimsdale JE, Aschbacher K, Mills PJ, Ziegler MG, Ancoli-Israel S, Grant I. 2008. Increased Framingham coronary heart disease risk score in dementia caregivers relative to non-caregiving controls. Gerontology. 54:131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar