Depressive symptoms, cortisol, and cognition during human aging: The role of negative aging perceptions

References

• Allport GW. 1958. The nature of prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Balardin JB, Vedana G, Luz C, Bromberg E. 2010. Subjective mild depressive symptoms are associated with abnormal diurnal cycle of salivary cortisol in elderly adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 33:143–151.
   Google Scholar
• Baranowska B, Wolinska-Witort E, Bik W, Baranowska-Bik A, Martynska L, Broczek K, Mossakowska M, Chmielowska M. 2007. Evaluation of neuroendocrine status in longevity. Neurobiol Aging. 28:774–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazer DG. 2003. Depression in late life: Review and commentary. J Gerontol A- Biol. 58:249–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chahal HS, Drake WM. 2007. The endocrine system and ageing. J Pathol. 211:173–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deuschle M, Gotthardt U, Schweiger U, Weber B, Korner A, Schmider J, Standhardt H, Lammers CH, Heuser I. 1997. With aging in humans the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal system increases and its diurnal amplitude flattens. Life Sci. 61:2239–2246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deuschle M, Weber B, Colla M, Depner M, Heuser I. 1998. Effects of major depression, aging and gender upon calculated diurnal free plasma cortisol concentrations: A re-evaluation study. Stress. 2:281–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dori D, Casale G, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Migliorati G, Cuzzoni G, Ferrari E. 1994. Chrono-neuroendocrinological aspects of physiological aging and senile dementia. Chronobiologia. 21:121–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drafta D, Schindler AE, Stroe E, Neacsu E. 1982. Age-related changes of plasma steroids in normal adult males. J Steroid Biochem. 17:683–687.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards S, Clow A, Evans P, Hucklebridge F. 2001. Exploration of the awakening cortisol response in relation to diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Life Sci. 68:2093–2103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiocco AJ, Wan N, Weekes N, Pim H, Lupien SJ. 2006. Diurnal cycle of salivary cortisol in older adult men and women with subjective complaints of memory deficits and/or depressive symptoms: Relation to cognitive functioning. Stress. 9:143–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C. 2009. The cortisol awakening response (CAR): Facts and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol. 72:67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo JJ, Rabins PV, Lyketsos CG, Tien AY, Anthony JC. 1997. Depression without sadness: Functional outcomes of nondysphoric depression in later life. J Am Geriatr Soc. 45:570–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geerlings MI, Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Jonker C, Deeg DJ, Schmand B, Ader HJ, Bouter LM, Van Tilburg W. 2000. Depression and risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Results of two prospective community-based studies in The Netherlands. Br J Psychiatry. 176:568–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano R, Bo M, Pellegrino M, Vezzari M, Baldi M, Picu A, Balbo M, Bonelli L, Migliaretti G, Ghigo E, Arvat E. 2005. Hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal hyperactivity in human aging is partially refractory to stimulation by mineralocorticoid receptor blockade. J Clin Endocr Metab. 90:5656–5662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess TM, Auman C, Colcombe SJ, Rahhal TA. 2003. The impact of stereotype threat on age differences in memory performance. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 58:P3–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsboer F. 2001. Stress, hypercortisolism and corticosteroid receptors in depression: Implications for therapy. J Affect Disord. 62:77–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ice GH, Katz-Stein A, Himes J, Kane RL. 2004. Diurnal cycles of salivary cortisol in older adults. Psychoneuroendocrino. 29:355–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker C, Geerlings MI, Schmand B. 2000. Are memory complaints predictive for dementia? A review of clinical and population-based studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 15:983–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm AF. 2000. Is depression a risk factor for dementia or cognitive decline? A review. Gerontology. 46:219–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Stolk RP, de Jong FH, Pols HA, Hofman A, Breteler MM, Lamberts SW. 1998. A prospective study on cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cognitive function in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:3487–3492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudielka BM, Broderick JE, Kirschbaum C. 2003. Compliance with saliva sampling protocols: Electronic monitoring reveals invalid cortisol daytime profiles in noncompliant subjects. Psychosom Med. 65:313–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton MP. 1975. Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale – revision. J Gerontol. 30:85–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy B. 1996. Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping. J Pers Soc Psychol. 71:1092–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BR. 2003. Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 58:P203–P211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BR. 2008. Rigidity as a predictor of older persons' aging stereotypes and aging self-perceptions. Soc Behav Personal. 36:559–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy B, Langer E. 1994. Aging free from negative stereotypes – successful memory in China and among the American deaf. J Pers Soc Psychol. 66:989–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BR, Hausdorff JM, Hencke R, Wei JY. 2000. Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 55:205–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BR, Slade MD, Kasl SV. Longitudinal benefit of positive self-perceptions of aging on functional health. J Gerontol B-Psychol. 2002a; 57:P409–P417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BR, Slade MD, Kunkel SR, Kasl SV. Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002b; 83:261–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang J, Bollen KA. 1983. The Structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale – a reinterpretation. J Gerontol. 38:181–189.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lupien S, Lecours AR, Lussier I, Schwartz G, Nair NP, Meaney MJ. 1994. Basal cortisol levels and cognitive deficits in human aging. J Neurosci. 14:2893–2903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien S, Lecours AR, Schwartz G, Sharma S, Hauger RL, Meaney MJ, Nair NPV. 1996. Longitudinal study of basal cortisol levels in healthy elderly subjects: Evidence for subgroups. Neurobiol Aging. 17:95–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien SJ, Gaudreau S, Tchiteya BM, Maheu F, Sharma S, Nair NP, Hauger RL, McEwen BS, Meaney MJ. 1997. Stress-induced declarative memory impairment in healthy elderly subjects: Relationship to cortisol reactivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82:2070–2075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien S, de Leon M, de Santi S, Convit A, Tarshish C, Nair NP, Thakur M, McEwen BS, Hauger RL, Meaney MJ. 1998. Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nat Neurosci. 1:69–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien SJ, Schwartz G, Ng YK, Fiocco A, Wan N, Pruessner JC, Meaney MJ, Nair NP. 2005. The Douglas Hospital Longitudinal Study of normal and pathological aging: Summary of findings. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 30:328–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons J. 1976. Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressVol. 12.
   Google Scholar
• Ory M, Kinney Hoffman M, Hawkins M, Sanner B, Mockenhaupt R. 2003. Challenging aging stereotypes: Strategies for creating a more active society. Am J Prev Med. 25:164–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmore EB. 1999. Ageism: Negative and positive. New York: Springer Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Raff H, Raff JL, Duthie EH, Wilson CR, Sasse EA, Rudman I, Mattson D. 1999. Elevated salivary cortisol in the evening in healthy elderly men and women: Correlation with bone mineral density. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 54:M479–M483.
   Google Scholar
• Rowe JW, Kahn RL. 1998. Successful aging. Aging (Milano). 10:142–144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma M, Palacios-Bois J, Schwartz G, Iskandar H, Thakur M, Quirion R, Nair NP. 1989. Circadian rhythms of melatonin and cortisol in aging. Biol Psychiatry. 25:305–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman B, Wysham C, Pfohl B. 1985. Age-related changes in the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 61:439–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunderland A, Harris JE, Baddeley AD. 1983. Do laboratory tests predict everyday memory – a neuropsychological study. J Verb Learn Verb Be. 22:341–357.
   Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Sulon J, Bogdan A, Touitou C, Reinberg A, Beck H, Sodoyez JC, Demey-Ponsart E, Van Cauwenberge H. 1982. Adrenal circadian system in young and elderly human subjects: A comparative study. J Endocrinol. 93:201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E, Leproult R, Kupfer DJ. 1996. Effects of gender and age on the levels and circadian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol. J Clin Endocr Metab. 81:2468–2473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E, Leproult R, Plat L. 2000. Age-related changes in slow wave sleep and REM sleep and relationship with growth hormone and cortisol levels in healthy men. J Am Med Assoc. 284:861–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waltman C, Blackman MR, Chrousos GP, Riemann C, Harman SM. 1991. Spontaneous and glucocorticoid-inhibited adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion are similar in healthy young and old men. J Clin Endocr Metab. 73:495–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzman ED, Fukushima D, Nogeire C, Roffwarg H, Gallagher TF, Hellman L. 1971. Twenty-four hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 33:14–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Mendes de Leon CF, Evans DA, Bennett DA. 2003. Negative affect and mortality in older persons. Am J Epidemiol. 158:827–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf OT, Dziobek I, McHugh P, Sweat V, de Leon MJ, Javier E, Convit A. 2005. Subjective memory complaints in aging are associated with elevated cortisol levels. Neurobiol Aging. 26:1357–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wust S, Wolf J, Hellhammer DH, Federenko I, Schommer N, Kirschbaum C. 2000. The cortisol awakening response – normal values and confounds. Noise Health. 2:79–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, Leirer VO. 1983. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale – a preliminary-report. J Psychiat Res. 17:37–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young AH. 2004. Cortisol in mood disorders. Stress. 7:205–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar