4
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Overlap Between Personality Disorders and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

, Ph.D., , M.D., Ph.D., , M.D., , B.S. & , M.D., Ph.D.
Pages 217-224 | Published online: 04 Dec 2011

References

  • Murray CJ, Lopez, AD: Final results and their sensitiv-ity to alternative epidemiological perspectives. Distant rates, age weights, and disability weights. In: Murray CJ, Lopez AD, eds. The Global Burden of Disease. Cambridge: Harvard University Press: 1996: 247–296.
  • Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Liu J, Swartz M, Blazer DG: Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depres-sive disorder in the general population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1996; 30:17–30.
  • Greenberg PE, Stiglin LE, Finkelstein SN, & Berndt ER: The economic burden of depression in 1990. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54(11).
  • Andreasen NC, Black DW: Introductory textbook of psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; 1995.
  • Merikangas, KR, Weissman MM: Epidemiology of DSM-III Axis II personality disorders. In Frances AJ, Hales RE, eds. American Psychiatric Association annual review, 5. Washington DC: American Psychiat-ric Association Press; 1986.
  • Koenigsberg HW, Kaplan RD, Gilmore MM, Cooper AM: The relationship between syndrome and personal-ity disorder in DSM-III: Experience with 2,462 patients. Am J Psychiatry1985; 142(2):207–212.
  • Loranger AW: The impact of DSM-III on diagnostic practice in a university hospital. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:672–675.
  • Zimmerman M, Pfohl B, Coryell WH, Corenthal C, Stangl D: Major depression and personality disorder. J Affect Disord 1991; 22:199–210.
  • Fabrega H, Mezzich JE, Mezzich AC, Coffman GA: Descriptive validity of DSM-III depressions. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986; 174(10):573–584.
  • Joffe RT, Regan JJ: Personality and depression. J Psy-chiatr Res 1988; 22:279–286.
  • Pilkonis PA, Frank E: Personality pathology in recurrent depression: Nature, prevalence, and relationship to treat-ment response. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145(4):435–441.
  • Sanderson WC, Wetzler S, Beck AT, Betz F: Psychia-try Res 1992; 42:93–99.
  • Shea MT, Glass D, Pilkonis PA, Watkins J, Docherty J: Frequency and implications of personality disorders in a sample of depressed outpatients. J Personal Disord 1987; 1:27–42.
  • Charney DS, Nelson JC, Quinlan DM: Personality traits and disorder in depression. Am J Psychiatry 1981; 138(12):1601–1604.
  • Shea MT, Pilkonis PA, Beckham E, Collins IF, Elkin I, Sotsky SM, Docherty JP: Personality disorders and treatment outcome in the NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 176(6):711–718.
  • Fava M, Bouffides E, Pava JA, McCarthy MK, Steingard, RI, Rosenbaum JF: Personality disorder comorbidity with major depression and response to fluoxetine treatment. Psychot her and Psychosom 1994; 62:160–167.
  • Fava M, Farabaugh AH, Sickinger AH, Wright E, Alpert JE, Sonawalla S, Nierenberg AA, Worthington JJ: Personality disorders and depression. Psychol Med 2002; 32(6):1049–57.
  • Loranger AW, Sartorius N, Andreoli A, Berger P. Buchheim P. Channasbasavanna SM, Coid B, Dahl A, Diekstra RF, Ferguson B, Jacobsberg LW, Mombour W, Pull C, Ono Y, Regier DA: The International Personality Disorder Examination: The World Health Organization/Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration international pilot study of personality disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:215–224.
  • Thase ME: The role of Axis II comorbidity in the man-agement of patients with treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1996; 19:287–298.
  • Zimmerman M: Diagnosing personality disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:225–245.
  • Black DW, Bell S, Hulbert J, Nasrallah A: The impor-tance of Axis II in patients with major depression. J Affect Disord 1999; 14:115–122.
  • Farabaugh A, Mischoulon D, Yeung A, Alpert J, Matthews J, Pava J, Fava M: Predictors of stable per-sonality disorder diagnoses in outpatients with remitted depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190(4):248–56.
  • Zimmerman M, Coryell W: DSM-III personality dis-order diagnoses in a nonpatient sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:682–689.
  • Shea MT, Widiger TA, Klein, MH: Comorbidity of per-sonality disorders and depression: Implications for treat-ment. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992; 60(6):857–868.
  • Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; 1994.
  • Loranger AW, Lezenweger MF, Gartner AF, Susman VL, Herzig J, Zammit GK, Gartner JD, Abrams RC, Young RC: Trait-state artifacts and the diagnosis of personality disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:720–727.
  • Widiger TA, Shea T: Differentiation of Axis I and Axis II disorders. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100(3):399–406.
  • Siever LJ, Davis KL: A psychobiological perspective on the personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148(12): 1647–1658.
  • Hirschfeld RM, Klerman GL: Personality attributes and affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1979; 136(1):67–70.
  • Stuart S, Simons AD, Thase ME, Pilkonis P: Are per-sonality assessments valid in acute major depression? J Affect Disord 1992; 24:281–290.
  • Shea MT, Yen S: Stability as a distinction between Axis I and Axis II disorders. J Personal Disord 2003; 17(5):373–86.
  • Shea MT, Stout R, Gunderson J, Morey LC, Grilo CM, McGlashan T, Skodol AE, Dolan-Sewell R, Dyck I, Zanarini, MC, Keller, MB: Short-term diagnostic stability of schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Am J Psy-chiatry 2002;159(12):2036–41.
  • Phillips KA, Gunderson JG, Hirschfeld RM, Smith LE: A review of the depressive personality. Am J Psychia-try 1990; 147(7):830–7.
  • Gitlin MJ: Pharmacotherapy of personality disorders: Conceptual framework and clinical strategies. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13(5):343–353.
  • Gorton G, Akhtar S: The literature on personality dis-orders: Trends, issues, and controversies. Hosp Com-munity Psychiatry 1990; 41(1):39–51.
  • Gunderson JG, Elliott GR: The interface between bor-derline personality disorder and affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142(3):277–288.
  • Nystrom S, Lindegard B: Predisposition for mental syn-dromes: A study comparing predisposition for depres-sion, neurasthenia and anxiety state. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1975; 51:69–76.
  • Akiskal HS, Hirschfeld RM, Yerevanian BI: The rela-tionship of personality to affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 40:801–809.
  • Angst J, Clayton P: Premorbid personality of depres-sive, bipolar, and schizophrenic patients with special reference to suicidal issues. Compr Psychiatry 1986; 27(6):511–532.
  • Boyce P, Parker G, Barnett B, Cooney M, Smith F: Per-sonality as a vulnerability factor to depression. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 106–114.
  • Clayton PJ, Ernst C, Angst J: Premorbid personality traits of men who develop unipolar and bipolar disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 243:340–346.
  • Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SB: Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum Press; 1985.
  • Kessler RC: The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annu Rev Psychol 1997; 48:191–214.
  • Murphy JM, Nierenberg AA, Monson RR, Laird NM, Sobol AM, Leighton All Self-disparagement as feature and forerunner of depression: Findings from the Stirling County Study. Compr Psychiatry 2002; 43(1):13–21.
  • Loranger AW: Are current self-report and interview measures adequate for epidemiological studies of per-sonality disorders? J Personal Disord 1992; 6:313–325.
  • Maier W, Minges J, Lichtermann D, Franke P. Gansicke M: Personality patterns in subjects at risk for affective dis-orders. Psychopathology 1995; 28\(supp1.1):59–72.
  • Evans DD, Craighead WE: Relationships among cogni-tive distortions and personality disorders in severely depressed patients. Paper presented at the meetings of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC, 1995.
  • Barnett PA, GotlibPsychosocial functioning anddepression: Distinguishing among antecedents, con-comitants, and consequences. Psychol Bull 1998; 104:97–126.
  • Cofer DH, Wittenborn JR: Personality characteristics of formerly depressed women. J Abnorm Psychol 1980; 89(3):309–314.
  • Hirschfeld, RM, Holzer CD: Depressive personality disorder: Clinical implications. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55:10–17.
  • Coccaro EF, Siever LJ, Klar HM, Maurer G, Cochrane K, Cooper TB, Mohs RC, Davis K: Serotonergic stud-ies in patients with affective and personality disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:587–599.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RI: Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality-disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:1081–1088.
  • Cole JO, Salomon M, Gunderson J: Drug therapy in bor-derline patients. Compr Psychiatry 1984; 25:249–254.
  • Cornelius JR, Soloff PH, Perel JM, Ulrich RF: A pre-liminary trial of fluoxetine in refractory borderline patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 11(2): 116–20.
  • Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, McCarthy M, Pava J, Steingard R, Bless E: Anger attacks in depressed out-patients. Psychopharmacol Bull 1991; 27:275–279.
  • Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Pava JA, McCarthy MK, Steingard RJ, Bouffides E: Anger attacks in unipolar depression, part 1: Clinical correlates and response to flu-oxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1158–1163.
  • Markovitz PJ, Calabrese JR, Schultz SC: Fluoxetine in the treatment of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1064–1067.
  • Salzman C, Wolfson AN, Schatzberg A, Looper J, Henke R, Albanese M, Schwartz J, Miyawaki E: Effects of fluoxetine on anger in symptomatic volun-teers with borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psy-chopharmacol 1995; 15:23–29.
  • Soloff PH: Pharmacotherapy of borderline disorders. Compr Psychiatry 1981; 22:535–543.
  • Soloff PH, George A, Nathan S, Schulz, PM, Ulrich, RF, Perel JM: Progress in pharmacotherapy of border-line disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43: 691–698.
  • Coccaro EF, Astill JL, Herbert JL, Schut AG: Fluoxet-ine treatment of impulsive aggression in DSM-III-R personality disorder patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10(5):373–5.
  • Nordern MJ: Fluoxetine in borderline personality dis-order. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1989; 13:885–893.
  • Sanislow CA, McGlashan TH: Treatment outcome of per-sonality disorders. Can J Psychiatry 1998; 43:237–250.
  • Hirschfeld RM, Klerman GL, Lavori P, Keller MB, Griffith P, Coryell W: Premorbid personality assess-ments of first onset of major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:345–350.
  • Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ: A longitudinal twin study of personality and major depression in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:853–862.
  • Lewinsohn PM, Steinmetz JL, Larson DW, Franklin J: Depression-related cognitions: Antecedent or conse-quence? JAbnorm Psychol 1981; 90:213–219.
  • Scott J: Chronic depression. Br J Psychiatry 1988; 153:287–297.
  • Rohde P. Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR: Are adolescents changed by an episode of major depression? J Am Acad Child Psychiatry; 33(9):1289–1298.
  • Alpert JE, Uebelacker LA, McLean NE, Nierenberg AA, Pava JA, Worthington JJ, Tedlow J, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M: Social phobia, avoidant personality disor-der and atypical depression: Co-occurrence and clinical implications. Psychol Med 1997; 27:627–633.
  • Santor DA, Bagby RM, Joffe RT: Evaluation stability and change in personality and depression. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997; 73(6):1354–1362.
  • Schrader G: Chronic depression: State or trait? J Nerv Ment Dis 1994; 182(10):552–555.
  • Deakin JF: Depression and antisocial personality dis-order: Two contrasting disorders of 5HT function. J Neural Transm Suppl 2003; 64:79–93.
  • Bunce SC, Coccaro E: Factors differentiating personality-disordered individuals with and without a history of unipolar mood disorder. Depress Anxiety 1999; 10(4): 147–157.
  • Berkson J: Limitations of the application of fourfold tables to hospital data. Biometrics 1946; 2:47–53.
  • Galbaud du Fort G, Newman SC, Bland RC: Psychiat-ric comorbidity and treatment seeking: Sources of selection bias in the study of clinical populations. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993; 181(8):467–74.
  • Krishnan KR: Comorbidity and depression treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53(8):701–6.
  • Papakostas GI, Petersen TJ, Farabaugh AH, Murakami IL, Pava JA, Alpert JE, Fava M, Nierenberg AA: Psychiatric comorbidity as a predictor of clinical response to nortriptyline in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64(11): 1357–61.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.