Using Neuroimaging to Predict Treatment Response in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

References

• Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4:561–571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton MA: A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1960; 23:56–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss IL, Cohen J: The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33(6):766–771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guy W: Assesment Manual for Psychopharmacology, revised ECDEU. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, Heninger GR, Chamey DS: The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46(11):1006–1011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton M: Diagnosis and rating of anxiety. Br J Psychiatry 1969; 3(special issue):76–79
   Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Mahurin RK, Jerabek PA, Brickman JS, Tekell IL, Silva JA, McGinnis S, Glass TG, Martin CC, Fox PT: Cingulate function in depression: A potential predictor of treatment response. Neuroreport 1997; 8(4):1057–1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Tekell IL, Silva JA, Mahurin RK, McGinnis S, Jerabek PA: Regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression: Serial changes and relationship to clinical response. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48(8):830–843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody AL, Saxena S, Stoessel P. Gillies LA, Fairbanks LA, Alborzian S, Phelps ME, Huang SC, Wu HM, Ho ML, Ho MK, Au SC, Maidment K, Baxter LR: Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either par-oxetine or interpersonal therapy: Preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psych 2001; 58(7):631–640
   Google Scholar
• Little if, Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, Danielson A, Benson B, Willis MW, Post RM: Venlafaxine or bupropion responders but not nonresponders show baseline prefrontal and paralimbic hypome-tabolism compared with controls. Psychopharm Bull 1996; 32(4):629–635
   Google Scholar
• Cherry SR, Phelps ME: Imaging brain function with positron emission tomography. In: AW Toga, JC Mazziotta eds. Brain Mapping: The Methods. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Shin LM, Dougherty DD, Alpert NM, Fischman AJ, Jenike MA: Predictors of fluvoxamine response in contamination-related obsessive compulsive disorder: A PET symptom provoca-tion study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 27(5):782–791
   Google Scholar
• Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Bergman KS, Szuba MP, Guze BH, Mazziotta JC, Alazraki A, Selin CE, Ferng HK, Munford P. Phelps ME: Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49(9):681–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedo SE, Pietrini P, Leonard fit, Schapiro MB, Rettew DC, Goldberger EL, Rapoport SI, Rapoport IL, Grady CL: Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive dis-order. Revisualization during pharmacotherapy. Arch Gen Psychi-atry 1992; 49(9):690–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz JM, Stoessel PW, Baxter LR, Martin KM, Phelps ME: Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after suc-cessful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53(2):109–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody AL, Saxena S, Schwartz JM, Stoessel PW, Maidment K, Phelps ME, Baxter LR: FDG-PET predictors of response to behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psych Res 1998; 84(1):1–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena S, Brody AL, Maidment KM, Dunkin JJ, Colgan M, Alborzian S, Phelps ME, Baxter LR: Localized orbitofrontal and subcortical metabolic changes and predictors of response to par-oxetine treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsy-chopharmacology 1999; 21(6):683–693
   Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Dougherty DD, Cosgrove GR, Cassem EH, Alpert NM, Price BH, Nierenberg AA, Mayberg HS, Baer L, Jenike MA, Fischman AJ: Cerebral metabolic correlates as potential predic-tors of response to anterior cingulotomy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50(9):659–667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dougherty DD, Weiss AP, Cosgrove GR, Alpert NM, Cassem EH, Nierenberg AA, Price BH, Mayberg HS, Fischman AJ, Rauch SL: Cerebral metabolic correlates as potential predictors of response to anterior cingulotomy for major depression. J Neuro-surg 2003; 99:1010–1017
   Google Scholar
• Friston K, Phillips J, Chawla D, Michel C: Revealing interactions among brain systems with nonlinear PCA. Hum Brain Mapp 1999; 8(2-3):92–97
   Google Scholar
• Michel C, Friston K: Assessing interactions among neuronal sys-tems using functional neuroimaging. Neural Networks 2000; 13(8-9):871–882
   Google Scholar
• Taylor JG, Krause B, Shah NJ, Horwitz B, Mueller-Gaertner HW: On the relation between brain images and brain neural networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2000; 9(3):165–182
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh AR, Fitzpatrick SM, Friston KJ: On the marriage of cognition and neuroscience. Neuroimage 2001; 14(6):1231–1237
   Google Scholar
• Brody AL, Saxena S, Silverman DH, Alborzian S, Fairbanks LA, Phelps ME, Huang SC, Wu HM, Maidment K, Baxter LR: Brain metabolic changes in major depressive disorder from pre- to post-treatment with paroxetine. Psych Res 1999; 91(3):127–139
   Google Scholar
• Saxena S, Brody AL, Ho ML, Zohrabi N, Maidment KM, Baxter LR: Differential brain metabolic predictors of response to parox-etine in obsessive-compulsive disorder versus major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160(3):522–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Selin CE, Gerner RH, Sumida RM: Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46(3):243–250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC, Videen TO, Price IL, Preskorn SH, Carmichael ST, Raichle ME: A functional anatomical study of unipolar depres-sion. J Neurosci 1992; 12(9):3628–3641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebert D, Feistel H, Barocka A, Kaschka W: Increased limbic blood flow and total sleep deprivation in major depression with melancholia. Psychiatry Res 1994; 55(2):101–109
   Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum MS, Wu J, Siegel BV, Hackett E, Trenary M, Abel L, Reynolds C: Effect of sertraline on regional metabolic rate in patients with affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41(1):15–22
   Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK, McGinnis S, Mahurin RK, Jerabek PA, Silva JA, Tekell IL, Martin CC, Lancaster IL, Fox PT: Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: con-verging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156(5):675–682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC: Functional anatomical abnormalities in limbic and prefrontal cortical structures in major depression. Prog Brain Res 2000; 126:413–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC, Bogers W, Raichle ME: Functional anatomical correlates of antidepressant drug treatment assessed using PET measures of regional glucose metabolism. Eur Neuropsychophar-macology 2002; 12(6):527–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheline YI, Gado MH, Kraemer HC: Untreated depression and hippocampal volume loss. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160(8):1516–1518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC: Neuroimaging studies of mood disorders. Biol Psy-chiatry 2000; 48(8):813–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC: Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression: implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001; 11(2):240–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC: Neuroimaging abnormalities in the amygdala in mood disorders. Ann 1VY Acad Sci 2003; 985: 420 444
   Google Scholar
• Sheline YI: Neuroimaging studies of mood disorder effects on the brain. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54(3):338–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain MM, McDonald WM, Doraiswamy PM, Figiel GS, Na C, Escalona PR, Boyko OB, Nemeroff CB, Krishnan KR: A mag-netic resonance imaging study of putamen nuclei in major depres-sion. Psychiatry Res 1991; 40(2):95–99
   Google Scholar
• Krishnan KR, McDonald WM, Escalona PR, Doraiswamy PM, Na C, Husain MM, Figiel GS, Boyko OB, Ellinwood EH, Nemeroff CB: Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudate nuclei in depres-sion. Preliminary observations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49(7):553–557
   Google Scholar
• Soares JC, Mann JJ: The anatomy of mood disorders: Review of structural neuroimaging studies. Biol Psych 1997; 41:86–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheline YI: 3D MRI studies of neuroanatomic changes in unipolar major depression: The role of stress and medical comorbidity. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48(8):791–800
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dougherty DD, Rauch SL: Neuroimaging and neurobiological models of depression. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1997; 5:138–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC: Prefrontal cortical-amygdalar metabolism in major depression. Ann 1VY Acad Sci 1999; 877:614–637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardo JV, Pardo PJ: Raichle ME: Neural correlates of self-induced dysphoria. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150(5):713–719
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Horwitz B, Herscovitch P. Post RM: Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152(3):341–351
   Google Scholar
• Lane RD, Reiman EM, Ahern GL, Schwartz GE, Davidson RJ: Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154(7):926–933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradiso S, Robinson RG, Andreasen NC, Downhill JE, Davidson RJ, Kirchner PT, Watkins GL, Ponto LL, Hichwa RD: Emotional activation of limbic circuitry in elderly normal subjects in a PET study. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154(3):384–389
   Google Scholar
• Reiman EM, Lane RD, Ahern GL, Schwartz GE, Davidson RJ, Friston KJ, Yun LS, Chen K: Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion. Am J Psychi-atry 1997; 154(7):918–925
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD: Subcortical and cortical brain activity dur-ing the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3(10):1049–1056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebert D, Ebmeier KP: The role of the cingulate gyms in depres-sion: from functional anatomy to neurochemistry. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39(141044–1050
   Google Scholar
• Sheline YI, Barch DM, Donnelly JM, 011inger JM, Snyder AZ, Mintun MA: Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in depressed subjects resolves with antidepressant treat-ment: An fMRI study. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50(9):651–658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimbrell TA, Keller TA, George MS, Little if, Benson BE, Willis MW, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Regional cerebral glucose utiliza-tion in patients with a range of severities of unipolar depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51(3):237–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson RJ, Irwin W, Anderle MJ, Kalin NH: The neural sub-strates of affective processing in depressed patients treated with venlafaxine. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160(464–75
   Google Scholar
• Giedke H, Schwarzler F: Therapeutic use of sleep deprivation in depression. Sleep Med Rev 2002; 6(5):361–377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Buchsbaum MS, Gitlin JC, Tang C, Cadwell S, Wiegand M, Najafi A, Klein E, Hazen K, Bunney WE, Fallon JH, Keator D: Prediction of antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation by meta-bolic rates in the ventral anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156(8):1149–1158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JC, Gitlin JC, Buchsbaum MS, Hershey T, Johnson JC, Bunney WE: Effect of sleep deprivation on brain metabolism of depressed patients. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149(4):538–543
   Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS: Limbic-cortical dysregulation: A proposed model of depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997; 9(3):471–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena S, Brody AL, Ho ML, Alborzian S, Ho MK, Maidment KM, Huang SC, Wu HM, Au SC, Baxter LR: Cerebral metabo-lism in major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder occurring separately and concurrently. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50(3):159–170
   Google Scholar
• Keller TA, Kimbrell TA, George MS, Willis MW, Benson BE, Danielson A, Frye MA, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Baseline cere-bral hypermetabolism associated with carbamazepine response, and hypometabolism with nimodipine response in mood disor-ders. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46(10):1364–1374
   Google Scholar
• Saxena S, Rauch SL: Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanat-omy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2000; 23(3):563–586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Corá-Locatelli G, Greenberg BD: Pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: DJ, Stein, E, Hollander eds. Textbook of the Anxiety Disorders. Washington, D.C: Am Psychi-atric Pub, Inc., 2002:343–355
   Google Scholar
• Baxter LR, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Schwartz JM, Selin CE: Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with rates in umpolar depres-sion and in normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987; 44(3):211–218
   Google Scholar
• Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Pahl JJ, Guze BH, Fairbanks L: Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nonde-pressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psy-chiatry 1988; 145(141560–1563
   Google Scholar
• Nordahl TE, Benkelfat C, Semple WE, Gross M, King AC, Cohen RM: Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 1989; 2(1):23–28
   Google Scholar
• Swedo SE, Schapiro MB, Grady CL, Cheslow DL, Leonard fit, Kumar A, Friedland R, Rapoport SI, Rapoport IL: Cerebral glu-cose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disor-der. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46(6):518–523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarone S, Colombo C, Livian S, Abbruzzese M, Ronchi P. Locatelli M, Scotti G, Smeraldi E: Increased right caudate nucleus size in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Detection with magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatry Res 1992; 45(2):115–121
   Google Scholar
• Robinson D, Wu H, Munne RA, Ashtari M, Alvir JM, Lerner G, Koreen A, Cole K, Bogerts B: Reduced caudate nucleus volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52(5):393–398
   Google Scholar
• Jenike MA, Breiter HC, Baer L, Kennedy DN, Savage CR, Olivares MJ, O'Sullivan RL, Shera DM, Rauch SL, Keuthen N, Rosen BR, Caviness VS, Filipek PA: Cerebral structural abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A quantitative morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996; 53(7):625–632
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg DR, Keshavan MS, O'Heam KM, Dick EL, Bagwell WW, Seymour AB, Montrose DM, Pierri JN, Birmaher B: Fron-tostriatal measurement in treatment-naive children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54(9):824–830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeszko PR, Robinson D, Alvir JM, Bilder RM, Lencz T, Ashtari M, Wu H, Bogerts B: Orbital frontal and amygdala volume reduc-tions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56(10):913–919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartha R, Stein MB, Williamson PC, Drost DJ, Neufeld RW, Carr TJ, Canaran G, Densmore M, Anderson G, Siddiqui AR: A short echo 1H spectroscopy and volumetric MRI study of the corpus striatum in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155(11): 1584–1591
   Google Scholar
• Ebert D, Speck 0, Konig A, Berger M, Hennig J, Hohagen F: 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in obsessive-compulsive disor-der: Evidence for neuronal loss in the cingulate gyms and the right striatum. Psychiatry Res 1997; 74(3):173–176
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald KD, Moore GJ, Paulson LA, Stewart CM, Rosenberg DR: Proton spectroscopic imaging of the thalamus in treatment-naive pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47(3):174–182
   Google Scholar
• McGuire PK, Bench CJ, Frith CD, Marks IM, Frackowiak RSJ, Dolan RJ: Functional anatomy of obsessive-compulsive phenom-ena. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164(4):459–468
   Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Jenike MA, Alpert NM, Baer L, Breiter HC, Savage CR, Fischman AJ: Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomog-raphy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51(1):62–70
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiter HC, Rauch SL, Kwong KK, Baker JR, Weisskoff RM, Kennedy DN, Kendrick AD, Davis TL, Jiang A, Cohen MS, Stern CE, Belliveau JW, Baer L, O'Sullivan RL, Savage CR, Jenike MA, Rosen BR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of symp-tom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53(7):595–606
   Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Savage CR, Alpert NM, Dougherty D, Kendrick A, Curran T, Brown HD, Manzo P. Fischman AJ, Jenike MA: Prob-ing striatal function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A PET study of implicit sequence learning. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neu-rosci 1997; 9(4):568–573
   Google Scholar
• Adler CM, McDonough-Ryan P, Sax KW, Holland SK, Arndt S, Strakowski SM: fMRI of neuronal activation with symptom prov-ocation in unmedicated patients with obsessive compulsive disor-der. J Psych Res 2000; 34(4-5):317–324
   Google Scholar
• Jenike MA: Clinical practice. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(3):259–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JS, Frances A, Kahn DA, Carpenter D: The expert consen-sus guideline series: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58\(suppl 4):2–72
   Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS: Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment. Br Med Bull 2003; 65:193–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen HU, Kendler KS: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psych 1994; 51(1):8–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furmark T, Tillfors M, Marteinsdottir I, Fischer H, Pissiota A, Langstrom B, Fredrikson M: Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive-behavioral therapy. Arch Gen Psych 2002; 59(5):425–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar