Risperidone: Review of Its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use in Schizophrenia

REFERENCES

• Ayd FJ: A survey of neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal re-actions. JAMA 1961; 175:1054–1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupniak NMJ, Jenner P, Marsden CD: Acute dystonia in-duced by neuroleptic drugs. Psychopharmacology 1986; 88:403–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Putten T: The many faces of akathisia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1975; 16:43–47
   Google Scholar
• Van Putten T, May PRA, Marder SR: Why do schizophrenic patients refuse to take their drugs? Arch General Psychiatry 1974; 31:67–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane JM, Smith JM: Tardive dyskinesia: Prevalence and risk factors, 1959-1979. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39:473–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeste DV, Wyatt RJ: Understanding and Treating Tardive Dyskinesia. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kane JM: Clinical efficacy of clozapine in treatment-Refrac-tory schizophrenia: An overview. British Journal of Psychia-try 1992; 160 (Suppl 17):41–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krupp, P, Barnes P: Clozapine-associated agranulocytosis: Risk and aetiology. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160 (Suppl 17):38–40
   Google Scholar
• Janssen WO, Niemegeers CJ, Awouters F, Schellekens KHL, Megans AA, Meert TF: Pharmacology of risperidone (R 64 766), a new antipsychotic with 5HT2 and dopamine-D2 an-tagonistic properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 244:685–693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bersani G, Grisfini A, Marini S. Pasini A, Valducci M, Ciani M: Neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal side effects: Clinical perspectives with ritanserin (R 55 667), a new selective 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent. Curr Ther Res 1986; 40:492–499
   Google Scholar
• Gelders YG: Thymosthenic agents, a novel approach in the treatment of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 155 (Suppl 5):33–36
   Google Scholar
• Erishefsky L: Pharmacological profile of risperidone. Can J Psychiatry 1993; 38 (Suppl 3):S80–S88
   Google Scholar
• Nyberg S, Farde L, Eriksson L, Haldin C, Eriksson B: 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in the living brain. Psychopharmacology 1993; 110:265–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane JM: Newer antipsychotic drugs. Drugs 1993; 46(4):585–593
   Google Scholar
• Huang ML, VanPeer A, Woestenborghs R, De Coster R, Heykants J, Jansen Al, Zylicz Z, Visscher HW, Jonkman JH: Pharmacokinetics of the novel antipsychotic agent risperi-done and prolactin response in healthy subjects. Cl Pharma-col Ther 1993; 54(3):257–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Beijsterveldt L: Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tissue distribution of risperidone and 9-hydroxy-risperi-done in the male Wistar rat after single subcutaneous ad-ministration of risperidone at .02mg/kg (Clinical Research Report No. R64766/FK546). Beerse, Belgium: Janssen Re-search Foundation; 1991
   Google Scholar
• Woestenborghs RIG: Determination of risperidone and 9-oh-risperidone (R76477) in plasma by radioimmunoassay. (Clinical Research Report No. R64766/24).). Janssen Res Found 1991; Beerse, Belgium
   Google Scholar
• Van Beijsterveldt L: Regional brain distribution to risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in the male Wistar rat after single subcutaneous administration of risperidone at .02mg/kg (Clinical Research Report No. R64766/FK748). Beerse, Bel-gium: Janssen Res Found; 1991
   Google Scholar
• Van Beijsterveldt L: Placental transfer of risperidone in the Wistar rat after single intravenous and oral administration at 1.25mg/kg (Clinical Research Report No. R64766/FK642). Beerse, Belgium: Janssen Research Foundation; 1991
   Google Scholar
• Van Beijsterveldt L: Plasma level and transition into milk of risperidone and its metabolite, 9-hydroxy-risperidone in the lactating beagle dog after single oral administration at 0.16mg/kg (Clinical Research Report No. R64766/FK1019). Beerse, Belgium: Janssen Research Foundation; 1991
   Google Scholar
• Roose K, Gelders Y, Heylen S: Risperidone (R64766) in psy-chotic patients. Acta Psychiatr BeIg 1988; 88:233–241
   Google Scholar
• Castelao JF, Ferreira L, Gelders YG, Heylen SLE: The effi-cacy of the D2 and 5-HT2 antagonist risperidone (R64 766) in the treatment of chronic psychosis: An open dose-finding study. Schizo Res 1989; 2:411–415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meco G, Bedini L, Bonifati V, Sonsini U: Risperidone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia. Current Therapeutic Research 1989; 46(5):876–883
   Google Scholar
• Mesotten F, Suy E, Pietquin M, Burton P. Heylen S, Gelders Y: Therapeutic effect and safety of increasing doses of ris-peridone (R 64 766) in psychotic patients. Psychopharmacol-ogy 1989; 99:445–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelders YG, Heylen SLE, Vanden Bussche G, Reyntjens AJM, Janssen PAJ; Pilot clinical investigation of risperidone in the treatment of psychotic patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 1990; 23:206–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller HJ, Pelzer E, Kissling W, Riehl T, Wernicke T: Effi-cacy and tolerability of a new antipsychotic compound (ris-peridone): Results of a pilot study. Pharmacopsychiatty 1991; 24:185–189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens: Long term treatment of chronic schizophrenic pa-tients with risperidone. In JM Kane, ed. Oxford Clinical Communications. Oxford: Oxford Press, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Heinrich K, Kliesser E, Lehmann E, Kinzler E: "Risperidone-major progress in antipsychotic treatment." In: Kane JM, ed. 17th Congress Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychophar-macologicum. Koyoto, Japan; 1991:37–39
   Google Scholar
• Muller-Spahn F: Risperidone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients: An international double-blind paral-lel group study versus haloperidol. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992; 15 (Suppl 1):90A–91A
   Google Scholar
• Borison RL, Pathiraja AP, Diamond BI, Meibach RC: Ris-peridone: Clinical safety and efficacy in schizophrenia. Psy-chopharmacol Bull 1992; 28(2):213–218
   Google Scholar
• Chouinard G, Jones B, Remington G, Bloom D, Addington D, Mac Ewan GW, LabeIla A, Beauclair L, Arnott W: A Canadian multicenter placebo-controlled study of fixed doses of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13:25–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meibach RC: A fixed dose, parallel group study of risperidone vs. haloperidol vs. placebo. Schizo Res 1993; 9(2,3):245
   Google Scholar
• Lemmens G, De Smedt G, Gheuens J, Tritsmans L: Efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizo Res 1994; 11:106
   Google Scholar
• Claus A, BoIlen J, De Cuyper H, Eneman M, Malfroid M, Peuskens J: Risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic inpatients: A multicenter double-blind comparative study. Acta Psychiat Scand 1992; 85:295–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller HJ, Huttunen MO: The prevalence of extrapyramidal symptoms during short and long-term treatment with risperi-done. Schizo Res 1994; 11:106
   Google Scholar
• Borison RL, Diamond BI, Pathiraja A, Meibach RC (ed): Clinical Overview of Risperidone. New York: Raven Press, 1992
   Google Scholar
• Schatz Ii: Orthostatic hypotension IL Clinical diagnosis, test-ing, and treatment. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144:1037–1041
   Google Scholar
• Pollack MH, Rosenbaum JF: Management of antidepressant-induced side effects. A practical guide for the clinician. J Clin Psychiat 1987; 48:3–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ereshefsky L, True J, Saklad S, Riesenman C, Miller A: Plasma concentration of oral risperidone and active metabo-lite in schizophrenics. In NCDEU, Boca Raton, FL, 1993
   Google Scholar