Psychosis During Pregnancy: Treatment Considerations

References

• Wisner KL, Peindl K, Hanusa BH: Symptomatology of affec-tive and psychotic illnesses related to childbearing. J Affect Disorder 1994; 30:77–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurnberg HG: An overview of somatic treatment of psychosis during pregnancy and postpartum. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1989; 11:328–338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortola JF: The use of psychotropic agents in pregnancy and lactation. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1989; 12:69–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edlund MJ, Craig Ti: Antipsychotic drug use and birth de-fects: An epidemologic reassessment. Compr Psychiatry 1984; 25:32–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kopelman AE, McCullar FW, Heggeness L: Limb malforma-tion following maternal use of haloperidol. JAMA 1975; 231:62–64
   Google Scholar
• Hanson JW, Oakley GP: Haloperidol and limb deformity. JAMA 1975; 231:26 (letter)
   Google Scholar
• Wan Waes A, Van De Velde E: Safety evaluation of halo-peridol in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. J Clin Pharmacol 1969; 9:224–227
   Google Scholar
• Godet PF, Marie-Cardine M: Neuroleptiques, schizophrene et grosesse. L'Encephale 1991; 17:543–547
   Google Scholar
• Anath J: Congenital malformations with psychopharmacologic agents. Compr Psychiatry 1975; 16:437–445
   Google Scholar
• Moriarty AJ, Nance MR: Trifluoperazine and pregnancy. Can Med Assoc J 1963; 88:375–376 (letter)
   Google Scholar
• Rumeau-Rouquette C, Goujard J, Hue G: Possible terato-genic effects of phenothiazine in human beings. Teratology 1977; 15:57–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milkovich I, Van Den Berg BJ: An evaluation of the terato-genicity of certain antinauseant drugs. Am .1 Obstet Gynenecol 1976; 125:244–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobel DE: Fetal damage due to ECT, insulin, coma, chlorpro-mazine, or reserpine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1960; 2:606–611
   Google Scholar
• Wrede G, Mednick SA, Huttunen MO, Nilsson CG: Preg-nancy and delivery complications in the births of an unselected series of Finnish children with schizophrenic mothers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1980; 62:369–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach JG, Hans SL, Marcus J, Maeir S: Maternal psycho-tropic medications and neonatal behavior. Neurotoxicol Tera-tol 1992; 14:339–406
   Google Scholar
• Hill RM, Desmond MM, Kay JL: Extrapyramidal dysfunction in an infant of a schizophrenic mother. J Pediatr 1966; 69:589–595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamer A, McKey R, Arias D, Worley L, Fogel BJ: Phe-nothiazine-induced extrapyramidal dysfuntion in the neonate. J Pediatr 1969; 75:479–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falterman CG, Richardson Cl: Small left colon syndrome as-sociated with maternal ingestion of psychotropic drugs. J Pediatr 1980; 97:308–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scokel P, Jones WN: Infant jaundice after phenothiazines. Ob-stet Gynecol 1962; 20:124–127
   Google Scholar
• Kris E: Children of mothers maintained on pharmacotherapy during pregnancy and postpartum. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1965; 7:785–789
   Google Scholar
• Ayd FJ: Children born to mothers treated with chlorpro-mazine during pregnancy. Clin Med 1964; 71:1758–1763
   Google Scholar
• Gelenberg AJ: Psychosis. In: Gelenberg AJ, Bassuk EL, Schoonover SC, eds. The Practitioner's Guide to Psychoactive Drugs, 3rd ed. New York: Plenum Press; 1991:125–178
   Google Scholar
• Freedberg KA, Innis RB, Creese I, Snyder SH: Antischizo-phrenic drugs: differential plasma binding and therapeutic ac-tivity. Life Sci 1979; 24:2467–2474
   Google Scholar
• Baldessarini RG: Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric dis-orders. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PG, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman and Gillman's the Pharrna-cologic Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996:399–430
   Google Scholar
• Briggs GO, Freeman RIC, Yaffe Si: Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1994
   Google Scholar
• Nahas G, Gougard J: Phenothiazines, benzodiazepines and the fetus. In: Scarpelli EM, Cosmi ED, eds. Reviews in Perinatal Medicine. New York: Raven Press; 1979:243–280
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF, Leveno KJ, Gil-strap LC: Williams Obstetrics, 19th ed. Norwalk, CT: Apple-ton and Lange; 1993:225–230
   Google Scholar
• Oliver AP, Luchins DJ, Wyatt RJ: Neuroleptic induced sei-zures. An in vitro technique for assessing relative risk. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:206–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardos G, Cole JO: Weight reduction in schizophrenics by molindone. Am J Psychiatry 1977; 134:302–304
   Google Scholar
• Parent MM, Roy S, Sramek J, Lawson W, Herrera J: Effect of molindone on weight change in hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Drug Intel Clin Pharm 1986; 20:873–875
   Google Scholar
• Richelson ER: Neuroleptic affinities for human brain receptor and their use in predicting adverse effects. J Clin Psychiatry 1984; 45:331–336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richelson ER: Pharmacology of neuroleptics in use in the United States. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46(8 sec 2):8–14
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins SC, Hansen MR: A Pocket Reference for Psychia-trists, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1995:148
   Google Scholar
• Ayd FJ: Moban: First of a new class of neuroleptics. In: AO FJ, ed. Rational Psychophamacotherapy and the Right to Treatment. Baltimore: Ayd Medical Communications; 1975: 91–105
   Google Scholar
• Janicak PG, Davis JM, Preskom SH, Ayd FJ: Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1993:481–484
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter WT, Hanlon TE, Heinrichs DW, et al.: Continuous versus targeted medication in schizophrenic outpatients: out-comes results. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:1138–1148
   Google Scholar
• Cohen BM, Babb S, Campbell A, Baldessarini RJ: Presistence of haloperidol in the brain. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:879–880 (letter)
   Google Scholar
• Sakalis G, Curry SH, Mould GP, Lader MH: Psychologic and clinical effects of chlopromazine and their relationship to plasma level. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1972; 13:931–946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Physicians' Desk Reference, 51st ed. Montvale: Medical Eco-nomics Data Production Company; 1997:1350, 2379
   Google Scholar
• Jann MW: Clozapine. Pharmacotherapy 1991; 11:179–195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar