Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status

References

• Watson R. L., Langford H. G. Usefulness of overnight urines in population groups. Pilot studies of sodium, potassium, and calcium excretion. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 290
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark L. C., Jr., Thompson H., Beck E. I., Jacobson W. Excretion of creatine and creatinine by children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1951; 81: 774
   Google Scholar
• Best W. R. Physiologic factors in urinary creatinine excretion. Army Med. Nutr. Lab. Rept., No. 118 1953
   Google Scholar
• Vestergaard P., Leverett R. Constancy of urinary creatinine excretion. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1958; 51: 211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R. P., Cosgrove L. D., Morse E. H. Vitamin to creatinine ratios. Variability in separate voidings of urine of adolescents during a 24 hour period. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollack H. Creatinine excretion as index for estimating urinary excretion of micronutrients or their metabolic end products. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 865
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krehl W. A., Hodges R. H. The interpretation of nutrition survey data. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson C. S., et al. A review of methods used in nutrition surveys conducted by the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hegsted D. M., Gershoff S. N., Trulson M. F., Jolly D. H. Variation in riboflavin excretion. J. Nutr. 1956; 60: 581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plough I. C., Conssolazio C. F. The use of casual urine specimens in the evaluation of the excretion rates of thiamine, riboflavin and N-methylnicotinamide. J. Nutr. 1959; 69: 365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May J. M. Studies in Medical Geography. The Ecology of Malnutrition. Hafner Publishing Co., New York 1961-1972; Vol. 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Nutrition Survey Reports. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, D.C. 1957-1972
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S. Xerophthalmia: A neglected problem. Nutr. Rev. 1964; 22: 289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore T. Vitamin A. Elsevier Publishing Co., AmsterdamNetherlands 1957
   Google Scholar
• Oomen H. A. P. C., McLaren D. S., Escpinä H. A global survey on xerophthalmia. Epidemiology and public health aspects of hypovitaminosis A. Trop. Geogr. Med. 1964; 16: 271
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLaren D. S. Mainutrition and the Eye. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1963
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S., Oomen H. A. P. C., Escapini H. Ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency in man. Bull. W. H. O. 1966; 34: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chopra J. G., Kevany J. Hypovitaminosis A in the Americans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten-State Nutrition Survey Reports, I-V. Center for Disease Control, AtlantaGeorgia 1972; 30330
   Google Scholar
• Hoppner K., Phillips W. E. J., Erdody P., Murray T. K., Perrin D. E. Vitamin A reserves of Canadians. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1969; 101: 84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raica N., Scott J., Lowry L., Sauberlich H. E. Vitamin A concentration in human tissues collected from five areas in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood B. A., Siegel H., Weisell R. C., Dolinski M. Liver stores of vitamin A in a normal population dying suddenly or rapidly from unnatural causes in New York City. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Canham J. E. (1971) Vitamin deficiencies; Studies of experimental vitamin C deficiency and experimental vitamin A deficiency in man. Proceedings of a Workshop on Problems of Assessment and Alleviation of Malnutrition in the United States, Nashville, Tennessee, Jan. 13-14, 1970. Nutrition Study Section, Division of Research Grants, NIH, Washington, D.C., Pub. 916.086
   Google Scholar
• Roels O. A. Vitamin A physiology. J.A.M.A. 1970; 214: 34
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. Vitamin A and carotene. IX - B. Effects of vitamin A deficiency in man. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic PressInc., New York 1967; Vol. I: 267
   Google Scholar
• Fisher K. D., Carr C. J., Huber T. E. A study of vision as related to dark adaptation and night vision in the soldier, August 1969 (AD693292). Life Sciences Research Office, Office of Biomedical Studies. Fed. of Am. Soc. for Exptl. Biol., Bethesda, Maryland
   Google Scholar
• Carr C. F., Fisher K. D. A Study of Individual Variability in Dark Adaptation and Night Vision in Man, December 1970 (AD722798). Life Sciences Research Office. Fed. of Am. Soc. for Exptl. Biol., Bethesda, Maryland, 20014
   Google Scholar
• Jayle G. E., Ourgaud A. G., Baisinger L. F., Holmes W. J. Night Vision. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 1959
   Google Scholar
• Carr R. E., Gouras P. Clinical electroretinography. J.A.M.A. 1966; 198: 173
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Symposium on the Measurement of Visual Function. Proceedings of the Spring Meeting of 1965, Armed Forces-NRC Committee on Vision, NAS-NRC, Washington, D.C. M. A. Whitcomb, W. Benson. 1968
   Google Scholar
• The Eye, H. Davson. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1962; Vol. II
   Google Scholar
• Brown K. T. The electroretinogram: Its components and their origins. Vision Res. 1968; 8: 633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Requirements of Vitamin A, Thiamine, Riboflavine and Niacin. Report of a Joint F.A.O./W.H.O. Expert Group, Rome, Italy, September 6–17, 1965, F.A.O. Nutrition Meetings Report Series No. 41, Rome, 1967
   Google Scholar
• Hume E. M., Krebs H. A. Vitamin A requirement of human adults: An experimental study of vitamin A deprivation in man. United Kingdom Medical Research Council. Special Report Series No. 264, London 1949
   Google Scholar
• Diagle J. T., Luch J. A. Vitamin A, carotenoids, and cell structure. Biol. Rev. 1965; 40: 422
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th revised ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1968; 20418, A report of the Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council, Publ. No. 1694
   Google Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Kolder H. (1971) Experimental vitamin A deficiency in human volunteers. Summary of Proceedings of Workshop on Biochemical and Clinical Criteria for Determining Human Vitamin A Nutriture, Bieri, J. G., Chairman, Washington, D.C., January 28-29, 1971. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 10, 20418
   Google Scholar
• Smith F. R. (1971) Plasma retinol binding protein. Summary of Proceedings of Workshop on Biochemical and Clinical Criteria for Determining Human Vitamin A Nutriture, Bieri, J. G., Chairman, Washington, D.C., January 28-29, 1971. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 5, 20418
   Google Scholar
• DuPlessis J. P. An Evaluation of Biochemical Criteria for Use in Nutrition Status Surveys, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report No. 261. National Nutrition Research Institute, PretoriaSouth Africa 1967; 51
   Google Scholar
• Davis T. R. A., Gershoff S. N., Gamble D. F. Review of studies of vitamin and mineral nutrition in the United States (1950-1968). J. Nutr. Educ. 1969; 1: 38
   Google Scholar
• Leitner Z. A., Moore T., Sharman I. M. Vitamin A and vitamin E in human blood. I. Levels of vitamin A and carotenoids in British men and women, 1948-1957. Br. J. Nutr. 1960; 14: 157
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessey O. A., Lowry O. H., Brock M. J., Lopez J. A. The determination of vitamin A and carotene in small quantities of blood serum. J. Biol. Chem. 1946; 166: 177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S., Read W. W. C., Awdeh Z. L., Tchalian M. Microdetermination of vitamin A and carotenoids in blood and tissue. Methods of Biochemical Analysis, D. Glick. John Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York 1967; Vol. XV: 1
   Google Scholar
• Neeld J. B., Jr., Pearson W. N. Macro- and micromethods for the determination of serum vitamin A using trifluoroacetic acid. J. Nutr. 1963; 79: 454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963, 20402
   Google Scholar
• Garry P. J., Pollack J. D., Owen G. M. Plasma vitamin A assay by fluorometry and use of a silicic acid column technique. Clin. Chem. 1970; 16: 766
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodhart R. S. The vitamins. Vitamin A. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 4th ed., M. G. Wohl, R. S. Goodhart. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1968; 213
   Google Scholar
• Moore T. The pathology of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamins and Hormones 1960; 18: 499
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf G. International Symposium on the Metabolic Function of Vitamin A. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 897
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S. Present knowledge of the role of vitamin A in health and disease. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1966; 60: 436
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner A. F., Folkers K. The vitamin A group. Vitamins and Coenzymes. Interscience Publ., New York 1964; 280, Chap. XV
   Google Scholar
• Gloor U., Wiss O. Fat-soluble vitamins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1964; 33: 313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olson J. A. The metabolism of vitamin A. Pharmacol. Rev. 1967; 19: 559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling J. E., Wald G. Vitamin A deficiency and night blindness. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1958; 44: 648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genest A. A., Sarwono D., Gyorgy P. Vitamin A blood serum levels and electroretinogram in 5- to 14-year age group in Indonesia and Thailand. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 1275
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roels O. A. Present knowledge of vitamin A. Nutr. Rev. 1966; 24: 129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodman D. S., Huang H. S., Kanai M., Shiratori T. The enzymatic conversion of all-trans β-carotene into retinol. J. Biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 3543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson J. A., Hayaishi O. Enzymic cleavage of β-carotene into vitamin A by soluble enzymes of rat liver and intestine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1965; 54: 1364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidge N. H., Goodman D. S. The enzymatic reduction of retinal to retinol in rat intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 1968; 243: 4372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanai M., Raz A., Goodman D. S. Retinol-binding protein: The transport protein for vitamin A in human plasma. J. Clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 2025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyave G., Wilson D., Méndez J., Béhar M., Scrimshaw N. S. Serum and liver vitamin A and lipids in children with severe protein malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1961; 9: 180
   Google Scholar
• Chase H. P., Kumar V., Dodds J. M., Sauberlich H. E., Hunter R. M., Burton R. S., Spalding V. Nutritional status of preschool Mexican-American migrant farm children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1971; 122: 316
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallace D. I., Baker E. M., III, Canham J. E., Raica N., Jr., Sauberlich H. E., Hodges R. E. Metabolism of vitamin A in the human. Fed. Proc. 1971; 30: 584, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Underwood B. A., Denning C. R. Correlations between plasma and liver concentrations of vitamins A and E in children with cystic fibrosis. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 1971; 47: 34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Underwood B. A., Denning C. R. Blood and liver concentrations of vitamin A and E in children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Pediatr. Res. 1972; 6: 26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessey O. A. Evaluation of vitamin adequacy: Blood levels. Methods for Evaluation of Nutritional Adequacy and Status - A Symposium. Advisory Board on Quartermaster Research and Development, Committee on Foods, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1954; 59
   Google Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of the vitamin nutritional status in man. J.A.M.A. 1962; 180: 49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Blood and urinary vitamin levels as potential indices of body stores. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 514
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Assessment of nutritional status: Biochemical methods. Nutrition: A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. III: 265
   Google Scholar
• Jelliffe D. B. The Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Community. World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1966; 88
   Google Scholar
• Expert Committee on Medical Assessment of Nutritional Status. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 258, World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1963; 35
   Google Scholar
• Krause R. F. Laboratory aids in the diagnosis of malnutrition. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 4th ed., M. G. Wohl, R. S. Goodhart. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1968; 519, Chap. 18A
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez M. S., Irwin M. I. A conspectus of research on vitamin A requirements of man. J. Nutr. 1972; 102: 909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gal L., Parkinson C., Craft I. Effect of oral contraceptives on human plasma vitamin A levels. Br. Med. J. 1971; 2: 436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of nutritional status in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suggested Guidelines for Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Children's Bureau, Washington, D.C. 1967, (Document No. 1967–0–275–984)
   Google Scholar
• György P. Protein-calorie and vitamin A malnutrition in Southeast Asia. Fed Proc. 1968; 27((3))949
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roels O. A., Djaeni S., Trout M. E., Lauw T. G., Heath A., Poey S. H., Tarwotjo M. S., Suhadi B. The effect of protein and fat supplements on vitamin A-deficient Indonesian children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips W. E. J., Murray T. K., Campbell J. S. Serum vitamin A and carotenoids of Canadians. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1970; 102: 1085
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fell H. B. The direct action of vitamin A on skeletal tissue in vitro. The Fat-soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970; 187
   Google Scholar
• Wolf G., De Luca L. Recent studies on some metabolic functions of vitamin A. The Fat-soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970; 257
   Google Scholar
• Thompson J. N. The of vitamin A in reproduction. The Fat-soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970; 267
   Google Scholar
• Roels O. A. Vitamins A and carotene VIII, Biochemical systems. The Vitamins, W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press Inc., New York 1967; Vol. I: 167
   Google Scholar
• Dam H., Søndergaard E. Fat-soluble vitamins. I. Vitamin A. Nutrition: A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1964; Vol. II: 2
   Google Scholar
• Roels O. A., Mahadevam S. Vitamin A. The Vitamins, P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1967; Vol. VI: 139
   Google Scholar
• Thompson J. N., Erdody P., Brien R., Murry T. K. Fluorometric determination of vitamin A in human blood and liver. Biochem. Med. 1971; 5: 67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roels O. A., Trout M. Vitamin A and carotene. Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry, G. C. Cooper, J. S. King, Jr. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1972; Vol. 7: 215
   Google Scholar
• Linhares E. D. R. Microdetermination of plasma or serum vitamin A and carotene. Microchem. J. 1971; 16: 467
   Google Scholar
• Selvaraj R. J., Susheela T. P. Estimation of serum vitamin A by a microfluorometric procedure. Clin. Chim. Acta 1970; 27: 165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olson J. A., Lakshmanan M. R. Enzymatic transformation of vitamin A, with particular emphasis on carotenoid cleavage. The Fat-soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970; 213
   Google Scholar
• Goodman D. S. Retinol transport in human plasma. The Fat-soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970; 203
   Google Scholar
• Bieri J. G. Summary of Proceedings of a Workshop on Biochemical and Clinical Criteria for Determining Human Vitamin A Nutriture, Washington, D.C., January 28-29. National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1971
   Google Scholar
• Awdeh Z. L. The separation of vitamin A from carotenoids in microsamples of serum. Anal. Biochem. 1965; 10: 156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strobecker R., Henning H. M. Vitamin Assay-tested Methods. Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland 1966; 33
   Google Scholar
• Chandra H., Venkatachalam C., Belavady B. V., Reddy P., Gopalan C. Some observations on vitamin A deficiency in Indian children. Indian J. Child Health 1960; 9: 589
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D., Shirajian E., Tchalian M., Khoury G. Xerophthalmia in Jordan. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira S., Begum A., Dumm M. Vitamin A deficiency in kwashiorkor. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover J., Moxley L., Muhilal. Fluorimetric method for assay of retinol in human plasma. Summaria, IX International Congress of Nutrition, Mexico City, September 3–9, 1972; 60
   Google Scholar
• Adhikari H. R., Vakil U. K., Sreenivasan A. Some aspects of vitamin A metabolism. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 1970; 29: 364
   Google Scholar
• Ralli E. P., Papper E., Paley K., Bauman E. Vitamin A and carotene content of human liver in normal and in diseased subjects. Arch. Intern. Med. 1941; 68: 102
   Google Scholar
• Annual Report: Period 1, October 1969 to 30, September 1970. National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad-7, India 1970; 45
   Google Scholar
• Varela R. M., Teixeira S. G., Batista M. Hypovitaminosis A in the sugarcane zone of southern Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S. Prevention of xerophthalmia. Pre-school Child Malnutrition: Primary Deterrent to Human Progress. National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Publ. No. 1282, Washington, D.C. 1966; 96
   Google Scholar
• Arroyave G., Wilson D., Couteras C., Béhar M. Alterations in serum concentration of vitamin A associated with the hypoproteinemia of severe protein malnutrition. J. Pediatr. 1965; 62: 920
   Google Scholar
• Rietz P. On the biological role and metabolism of vitamin A. Acta Vit. et Enzym. 1971; 25: 123
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muto Y., Smith J. E., Milch P. O., Goodman D. S. Regulation of retinol-binding protein metabolism by vitamin A status in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 1972; 247: 2542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzman M. A., Arroyave G., Scrimshaw N. S. Serum ascorbic acid, riboflavin, carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E and alkaline phosphatase values in Central American school children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1961; 9: 164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masek J. Recommended nutrient allowances. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1962; 3: 149
   Google Scholar
• Popper H. Distribution of vitamin A in tissue as visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Physiol. Rev. 1944; 24: 205
   Google Scholar
• Popper H., Steigmann F., Dubin A., Dyniewicz H. A., Hesser F. P. Significance of vitamin A alcohol and ester partitioning under normal and pathologic circumstances. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1948; 68: 676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace D. L., Baker E. M., Canham J. E., Raica N., Sauberlich H. E., Teplick R. S., Hodges R. E. Vitamin A depletion in the human male adult. Fed. Proc. 1972; 31: 672, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Patwardhan V. N. Hypovitaminosis A and epidemiology of xerophthalmia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 1106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amyave G. Interrelations between protein and vitamin A and metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 1119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasserman R. H., Corradino R. A. Metabolic role of vitamin A and D. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 1971; 40: 501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sundaresan P. R. Recent advances in the metabolism of vitamin A. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 1972, (in press)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Luca L., Wolf G. Mechanism of action of vitamin A in differentiation of mucus-secreting epithelis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1972; 20: 474
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sundaresan P. R., Sundaresan G. M. Metabolism of retinol in the rat. Fed. Proc. 1972; 31: 671, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Oomen H. A. D. C. An outline of xerophthalmia. Int. Rev. Trop. Med. 1961; 1: 132
   Google Scholar
• Goodman D. S., Huang H. S., Shiratori T. Tissue distribution and metabolism of newly absorbed vitamin A in the rat. J. Lipid Res. 1965; 6: 390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahadevan S., Malathi P., Ganguly J. Influence of protein absorption and metabolism of vitamin A. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1965; 5: 210
   Google Scholar
• Owen E. C. Some aspects of the metabolism of vitamin A and carotene. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1965; 5: 132
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darby W. J., et al. The Vanderbilt cooperative study of maternal and infant nutrition. IV. Dietary, laboratory and physical findings in 2, 129 delivered pregnancies. J. Nutr. 1953; 51: 565
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mack J. P., Lui N. S. T., Roels O. A., Anderson O. R. The occurrence of vitamin A in biological membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1972; 288: 203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaresan P. R. General comments on the assessment of retinol status. Proceedings of III Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress. Futura Publishing Co., Inc., Mt Kisco, N.Y. 1972; 80, 10549
   Google Scholar
• Rued-Williamson R. (1972) Vitamin A malnutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean. Proceedings of III Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress. 1972. Futura Publishing Co., Inc., Mt Kisco, N.Y., 56, 10549
   Google Scholar
• Kelsay J. L. A compendium of nutritional status studies and dietary evaluation studies conducted in the United States, 1957-1967. J. Nutr. 1969; 99(Suppl. 1)123, Part II
   Google Scholar
• King C. G. Present knowledge of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Nutr. Rev. 1968; 26: 33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mapson L. W. Ascorbic acid. IX. Biochemical systems. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. I: 386
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A. Human requirements for vitamin C and its use in clinical medicine. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1961; 92: 230
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bartley W. H., Krebs H. A., O'Brien J. R. P. Vitamin C requirement of human adults. Med. Res. Council Special Rept. Series, H. M. Stationery Office, London 1953; 280: 142
   Google Scholar
• Czandon J. H., Lund C. C., Dill D. B. Experimental human scurvy. N. Engl. Med. 1940; 223: 353
   Google Scholar
• Chick H. Early investigations of scurvy and the antiscorbutic vitamin, Lind Bicentenary Symposium. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1953; 12: 210
   Google Scholar
• Crandon J. H., Mikal S., Landean B. R. Ascorbic-acid deficiency in experimental and surgical subjects, Lind Bicentenary Symposium. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1953; 12: 273
   Google Scholar
• Kark R. M. Ascorbic acid in relation to cold, scurvy, ACTH, and surgery, Lind Bicentenary Symposium. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1953; 12: 279
   Google Scholar
• Harris L. J. The mode of action of vitamin C, Lind Bicentenary Symposium. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1953; 12: 128
   Google Scholar
• Mumma R. O. Ascorbic acid sulfate as a sulfating agent. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1968; 165: 571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mead C. G., Finamore F. J. The occurrence of ascorbic acid sulfate in the brine shrimp. Artemia Salina, Biochem. 1969; 8: 2652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., III, Hammer D. C., March S. C., Tolbert B. M., Canham J. E. Ascorbate sulfate: A urinary metabolite of ascorbic acid in man. Science 1971; 173: 826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumma R. O., Verlangieri A. J., Weber W. W. II, L-ascorbic acid 3-sulfate. Preparation and characterization. Carbohyd. Res. 1971; 19: 127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mumma R. O., Verlangieri A. J. Isolation of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate from selected rat organs. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1972; 273: 249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumma R. O., McKee E. E., Verlangieri A. J., Barron G. P. Anti-scorbutic effect of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate in the guinea pig. Nutr. Rep. Int. 1972; 6: 133
   Google Scholar
• Halver J. E., Johnson C. L., Smith R. R., Tolbert B. M., Baker E. M. Vitamin C3 reduces fish acurvy. Fed. Proc. 1972; 31((2))705, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee G. C. Ascorbic acid. X. Biochemical detection of deficiency. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. I: 399
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of the vitamin nutritional status in man. J.A.M.A. 1962; 180: 49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. (1971) Problems of assessment of nutritional status: An overview of biochemical methodologies. Problems of Assessment and Alleviation of Malnutrition in the United States, (proceedings of a workshop sponsored by Vanderbilt University, HSMHA and NIH, Nashville, Tenn., January 13-14, 1970, R. G. Hansen, H. N. Munro. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Pub. No. 916.086
   Google Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Canham J. E. (1971) Vitamin deficiencies: Studies of experimental vitamin C deficiency and experimental vitamin A deficiency in man. Problems of Assessment and Alleviation of Malnutrition in the United States, (proceedings of a workshop sponsored by Vanderbilt University, HSMHA and NIH, Nashville, Tenn., January 13–14, 1970, R. G. Hansen, H. N. Munro. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Pub. No. 916.086
   Google Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Hood J., Canham J. E., Sauberlich H. E., Baker E. M. Clinical manifestations of ascorbic acid deficiency in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., Hodges R. E., Hood J., Sauberlich H. E., March S. C., Canham J. E. Metabolism of14C-and 3H-labeled L-ascorbic acid in human scurvy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 444
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Baker E. M., Hood J., Sauberlich H. E., March S. C. Experimental scurvy in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., Hodges R. E., Hood J., Sauberlich H. E., March S. C. Metabolism of ascorbic-I-14C acid in experimental human scurvy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood J., Hodges R. E. Ocular lesions in scurvy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 559
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hood J. Femoral neuropathy in scurvy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1969; 261: 1292
   Google Scholar
• Hood J., Burns C. A., Hodges R. E. Sjögren's syndrome in scurvy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1970; 282: 1120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abboud F. M., Hood J., Hodges R. E., Mayer H. E. Automomic reflexes and vascular reactivity in experimental scurvy in man. J. Clin. Invest. 1970; 49: 298
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jelliffe D. B. The assessment of the nutritional status of the community. W.H.O. Monogr. Ser., No. 53, World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1966; 89
   Google Scholar
• Suggested Guidelines for Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; Social and Rehabilitation Service, Children's Bureau. U.S. Govt. Printing Office. 1967, No. 0–275–984, (revised)
   Google Scholar
• Woodruff C. W. Ascorbic acid. Nutrition, A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. II: 265, Chap. 4
   Google Scholar
• Expert Committee on Medical Assessment of Nutritional Status. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 258, World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1963; 37
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Assessment of nutritional status: Biochemical methods. Nutrition, A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. III: 275
   Google Scholar
• Krehl W. A., Hodges R. E. The interpretation of nutrition survey data. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krause R. F. Laboratory aids in the diagnosis of malnutrition. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 4th ed., M. G. Wohl, R. S. Goodhart. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1968; 519
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Blood and urinary vitamin levels as potential indices of body stores. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 514
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of nutritional status in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du Plessis J. P. An evaluation of biochemical criteria for use in nutrition status surveys. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report No. 261. National Nutrition Research Institute, PretoriaSouth Africa 1967; 109
   Google Scholar
• A Study of the Military Applicability of Research on Ascorbic Acid. Life Sciences Research Office, W. H. Griffith, F. W. Morthland. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Maryland 1963
   Google Scholar
• Burch H. B. Methods for detecting and evaluating ascorbic acid deficiency in man and animals. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 92(268)191
   Google Scholar
• Catalano P. M. Vitamin C. Arch. Dermatol. 1971; 103: 537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker E. M. Vitamin C requirements in stress. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowry O. H., Bessey O. A., Brock M. J., Lopez J. A. The interrelationship of dietary, serum, white blood cell and total body ascorbic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 1946; 166: 111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dodds M. J., MacLeod F. L. Blood plasma ascorbic acid levels on controlled intakes of ascorbic acid. Science 1947; 106: 67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masek J. Recommended nutrient allowances. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1962; 3: 149
   Google Scholar
• Friedman G. J., Sherry S., Ralli E. P. The mechanism of the excretion of vitamin C by the human kidney at low and normal plasma levels of ascorbic acid. J. Clin. Invest. 1940; 19: 685
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963, 20402
   Google Scholar
• Nutrition Survey Reports (1957-1971). Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Ten-State Nutrition Survey Reports, I - V. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 1972, 30330
   Google Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowry O. H. Biochemical evidence of nutritional status. Physiol. Rev. 1952; 32: 431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davey B. L., Wu M. L., Storvick C. A. Daily determination of plasma, serum and white cell-platelet ascorbic acid in relationship to the excretion of ascorbic acid and homogentisic acid by adults maintained on a controlled diet. J. Nutr. 1952; 47: 341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessey O. A., White R. L. The ascorbic acid requirements of children. J. Nutr. 1942; 23: 195
   Google Scholar
• Steele B. F., Liner R. L., Pierce Z. H., Williams H. H. Ascorbic acid nutriture in the human. II. Content of ascorbic acid in the white cells and sera of subjects receiving controlled low intakes of the vitamin. J. Nutr. 1955; 57: 361
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morse E. H., Potgieter M., Walker G. R. Ascorbic acid utilization by women. Response of blood serum and white blood cells to increasing levels of intake. J. Nutr. 1956; 58: 291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessey O. A., Lowry O. H. Nutritional assay of 1200 New York State school children. Meals for millions - New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Nutrition. 1947; 167
   Google Scholar
• Tolbert B. M., Chen A. W., Bell E. M., Baker E. M. Metabolism of L-ascorbic-4-3H acid in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson R. E., Henderson C., Robinson P. F., Consolazio F. C. Comparative merits of fasting specimens, random specimens and oral loading tests in field nutritional surveys. J. Nutr. 1945; 30: 89
   Google Scholar
• Hellman L., Burns J. J. Metabolism of L-ascorbic acid-1-C14 in man. J. Biol. Chem. 1958; 230: 923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., Saari J. C., Tolbert B. M. Ascorbic acid metabolism in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson R. E., Darling R. E., Sargent F., Robinson P. Effects of variations in dietary vitamin C on the physical well being of manual workers. J. Nutr. 1945; 29: 155
   Google Scholar
• Farmer C. J. Some aspects of vitamin C metabolism. Fed. Proc. 1944; 3: 179
   Google Scholar
• Dutra de Oliveira J. E., Pearson W. N., Darby W. J. Clinical usefulness of the oral ascorbic acid tolerance test in scurvy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1959; 7: 630
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vilter R. W. Ascorbic acid. XII. Effects of ascorbic acid deficiency in man. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. I: 457
   Google Scholar
• Cheraskin E., Dunbar J. B., Flynn F. H. The intradermal ascorbic acid test: Part III. A study of forty-two dental students. J. Dent. Med. 1958; 13: 135
   Google Scholar
• Avery M. E., Clow C. L., Menkes J. H., Ramos A., Scriver C. R., Stern L., Wasserman B. P. Transient tyrosinemia of the new-born: Dietary and clinical aspects. Pediatrics 1967; 39: 378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giza T., Weclawowiez J. Perlingual method for evaluating the vitamin C content of the body: A rapid diagnostic test for vitamin C undernutrition. J. Vit. Res. 1960; 30: 327
   Google Scholar
• Giza T., Weclawowiez J., Zaionc J. The perlingual method for evaluating vitamin C: II. The relation between decolorization time and the vitamin C content of the organs. Int. J. Vit. Res. 1962; 32: 121
   Google Scholar
• Ringsdorf W. M., Jr., Cheraskin E. A rapid and simple lingual ascorbic acid test. General Practice 1962; 25: 106
   Google Scholar
• Cheraskin E., Ringsdorf W. M., Jr. A fortunate erratum. J. Oral Med. 1971; 26: 75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• King D. R., Little J. W. Lingual ascorbic acid test. J. Oral Med. 1970; 25: 107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roderuck C., Burrill L., Campbell L. J., Brakke Einbecker B., Childs M. T., Leverton R., Chaloupka M., Jebe E. H., Swanson P. P. Estimated dietary intake, urinary excretion and blood vitamin C in women of different ages. J. Nutr. 1958; 66: 15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mitra M. L. Vitamin-C deficiency in the elderly and its manifestations. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1970; 18: 67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saari J. C., Baker E. M., Sauberlich H. E. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of the oxidative degradation products of ascorbic acid. Anal. Biochem. 1967; 18: 173
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O., Brassard R. A new automated serum vitamin C method, Technicon International Symposium; abstract No. PH 13, New York, June, 1972; 64
   Google Scholar
• Saari J. C., Baker E. M., Sauberlich H. E. A simplified method for the isolation of urinary ascorbic acid as the 2,4-dinitrophenylosazone. Anal. Biochem. 1966; 15: 537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaffert R. R., Kingley G. R. A rapid, simple method for the determination of reduced, dehydro-, and total ascorbic acid in biological material. J. Biol. Chem. 1955; 212: 59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox W. E., Goswami M. N. D. The mechanism of p-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate accumulation in guinea pigs fed tyrosine. J. Biol. Chem. 1960; 235: 2662
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• La Da B. N., Zannoni V. G. Tyrosyluria resulting from inhibition of p-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvic acid oxidase in vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs. J. Biol. Chem. 1960; 235: 2667
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roe J. H., Kuether C. A. The determination of ascorbic acid in whole blood and urine through the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of ascorbic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 1943; 147: 399
   Google Scholar
• Roe J. H. Appraisal of methods for the determination of L-ascorbic acid. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1961; 92: 277
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessey O. A., Lowry O. H., Brock M. J. The quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in small amounts of white blood cells and platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 1947; 168: 197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowry O. H., Bessey O. A., Burch H. B. Effects of prolonged high dosage with ascorbic acid. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1952; 80: 361
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garry P. J., Owen G. M. Automated screening technique for vitamin C assay requiring small quantities of blood, Technicon Symposium: Automation in Analytical Chemistry. 1967; Vol. I: 507
   Google Scholar
• Gero E., Candido A. Use technique chimique de dosage de l'acide ascorbique total par une réaction d'oxydo-réduction. J. Int. Vitaminol. 1969; 39: 252
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch M. J., Weeks C. E. Microfluorometric assay for vitamin C. J. Assoc. Offic. Agric. Chem. 1965; 48: 1248
   Google Scholar
• Vuillemier J. Analytische probleme bei der bestimmung von vitamin C im zusammenhang mit ernährungserhebungen. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1967; 37: 504
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelletier O. Determination of vitamin C in serum, urine and other biological materials. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1968; 72: 674
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howard A. N., Constable B. J. The use of homocysteine in the estimation of ascorbic acid in urine. Clin. Chim. Acta 1966; 13: 387
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes R. E. Use of a cation-exchange resin in the determination of urinary ascorbic acid. Analyst 1964; 89: 618
   Google Scholar
• Goad W. C., Skala J. H., Harding R. S., Sauberlich H. E. A semiautomated technique for the determination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in serum or plasma samples. U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory Report. Denver, Colorado June, 1972, 80240
   Google Scholar
• Loh H. S., Wilson C. W. An improved method for the measurement of leucocyte ascorbic acid concentrations. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 1971; 41: 90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nobile S. Fluorometric determination of vitamin C in plasma. The Vitamin Laboratories, Roche Products Proprietary. Dee Why, New South WalesAustralia, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Olliver M. Ascorbic acid. IV. Estimation. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol I: 338
   Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., Kennedy J. E., Tolbert B. M., Canham J. E. Excretion and pool size of ascorbate sulfate and other ascorbate derivatives in man. Fed. Proc. 1972; 31: 705, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• March S. C. A quantitative procedure for the assay of ascorbate-3-sulfate in biological samples. Fed. Proc. 1972; 31: 705, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Woodhill J. M., Nobile S. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid). A contribution to the Captain Cook bicentennial celebrations. Med. J. Aust. 1971; 1: 1009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crandon J. H., Landau B., Mikal S., Balmanno J., Jefferson M., Mahoney N. Ascorbic acid economy in surgical patients as indicated by blood ascorbic acid levels. N. Engl. J. Med. 1958; 258: 105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh H. S. The relationship between dietary ascorbic acid intake and buffy coat and plasma ascorbic acid concentrations at different ages. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 1972; 42: 80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh H. S. The differences in the metabolism of ascorbic acid between the sexes at different ages. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 1972; 42: 86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Denson K. W., Bowers E. F. The determination of ascorbic acid in white blood cells. Clin. Sci. 1961; 21: 157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchanda S. S., Khanna S., Lal H. Plasma ascorbic acid as an index of vitamin C nutrition. Indian Pediatr. 1971; 8: 184
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritchey S. J. Metabolic patterns in preadolescent children. XV. Ascorbic acid intake, urinary excretion and serum concentration. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffiths L. L., Brocklehurst J. C., Scott D. L., Marks J., Blackley J. Thiamine and ascorbic acid levels in the elderly. Gerontol. Clin. 1967; 9: 1
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O. Vitamin C status of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey D. A., Carron A. V., Teece R. G., Wehner H. J. Vitamin C supplementation related to physiological response to exercise in smoking and nonsmoking subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook M., Grimshaw J. J. Vitamin C concentrations of plasma and leukocytes as related to smoking habit, age, and sex of humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivers J. M., Devine M. M. Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations and oral contraceptives. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds M. L. Sex as a factor in blood levels of ascorbic acid. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1969; 54: 32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh H. S., Wilson C. W. M. Relationship of human ascorbic-acid metabolism to ovulation. Lancet 1971; 1: 110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhill J. M. Australian dietary surveys with special reference to vitamins. Int. J. Vit. Res. 1970; 40: 520
   Google Scholar
• Brin M., Dibble M. V., Peel A., McMullen E., Bourquin A., Chen N. Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the aged in Onondaga County, New York. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mindlin R. L., Butier A. M. The determination of ascorbic acid in plasma: A macromethod and micromethod. J. Biol. Chem. 1938; 122: 673
   Google Scholar
• Bessey O. A. A method for the determination of small quantities of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in turbid and colored solutions in the presence of other reducing substances. J. Biol. Chem. 1938; 126: 771
   Google Scholar
• Sabry J. H., Dodds M. L. Comparative measurements of ascorbic acid and total ascorbic acid of blood plasma. J. Nutr. 1958; 64: 467
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sahud M. A., Cohen R. J. Effect of aspirin ingestion on ascorbic-acid levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1971; 1: 937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews J., Brook M. Leucocyte-vitamin-C content and clinical signs in the elderly. Lancet 1966; 1: 1350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker E. M., Hammer D. C., Kennedy J. E., Tolbert B. M. Interference by ascorbate-2-sulfate in the dinitrophenylhydrazine assay of ascorbic acid. Anal. Biochem., in press
   Google Scholar
• Tolbert B. M., Bullen W. W., III, Downing M., Baker E. M. Ascorbate sulfohydrolase activity of an arylsulfohydrolase A preparation. Fed. Proc. 1973; 32: 931, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O. Smoking and vitamin C levels in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1259
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grebenkov S. G. Comparative study of the vitamin C content of the blood plasma and leucocytes in humans. Vopr. Pitan. 1964; 23: 40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steele B. F., Hsu C. H., Pierce Z. H., Williams H. H. Ascorbic acid nutriture in human. I. Tyrosine metabolism and blood levels of ascorbic acid during ascorbic acid depletion and repletion. J. Nutr. 1952; 48: 49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garry P. J., Owen G. M. Automated procedure for plasma ascorbic acid using 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol. IX International Congress of Nutrition, Abstracts, Mexico City, 1972; 192
   Google Scholar
• McLeroy V. J., Schendel H. E. Influence of oral contraceptives on ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy, sexually mature women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams R. R. Toward the Conquest of Beriberi. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1961
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Biochemical alterations in thiamine deficiency - Their interpretation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A. The B vitamins: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. Nutrition: A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHeary. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. II: 109
   Google Scholar
• Victor M., Adams R. D. On the etiology of the alcoholic neurologic diseases, with special reference to the role of nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1961; 9: 379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd. ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963, 20402
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Thiamine. The Vitamins, P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. III: 53
   Google Scholar
• Shimazono N., Katasura E. Review of Japanese Literature on Beriberi and Thiamine. Vitamin B Research Committee of Japan, Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine. Kyoto University, KyotoJapan 1965
   Google Scholar
• Nutrition Survey Reports (1957–1972). Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Ten-State Nutrition Survey Reports, I-V (1972). Center for Disease Control, AtlantaGeorgia, 30330
   Google Scholar
• Mickeisen O., Caster W. D., Keys A. A statistical evaluation of the thiamine and pyramin excretions of normal young men on controlled intakes of thiamine. J. Biol. Chem. 1947; 168: 415
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason H. L., Williams R. D. The urinary excretion of thiamine as an index of the nutritional level: Assessment of the value of a test dose. J. Clin. Invest. 1942; 21: 247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oldham H. C., Davis M. V., Roberts L. J. Thiamine excretions and blood levels of young women on diets containing varying levels of the B vitamins, with some observations on niacin and pantothenic acid. J. Nutr. 1946; 32: 163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Liebert E., Kreisler O., Wittmann P. Investigations of human requirements for B-complex vitamins. National Research Council Bull. No. 116. National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1948
   Google Scholar
• Ziporin Z. Z., Nunes W. T., Powell R. C., Waring P. P., Sauberlich H. E. Excretion of thiamine and its metabolites in the urine of young adult males receiving restricted intakes of the vitamin. J. Nutr. 1965; 85: 287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziporin Z. Z., Nunes W. T., Powell R. C., Waring P. P., Sauberlich H. E. Thiamine requirement in the adult human as measured by urinary excretion of thiamine metabolites. J. Nutr. 1965; 85: 297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Blood and urinary vitamin levels as potential indices of body stores. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 514
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holt L. E., Jr., Snyderman S. E. The influence of dietary fat on thiamine loss from the body. J. Nutr. 1955; 56: 495
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holt L. E., Jr., Nemir R. L., Snyderman S. E., Albanese A. A., Ketron K. C., Guy L. P., Carretero R. The thiamine requirement of the normal infant. J. Nutr. 1949; 37: 53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jolliffe N., Goodhart R., Ginnis J., Cline J. K. The experimental production of vitamin B1 deficiency in normal subjects. The dependence of the urinary excretion of thiamine on the dietary intake of vitamin B. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1939; 198: 198
   Google Scholar
• Pollack H., Ellenberg M., Dolger H. Study of the excretion of thiamine and its degradation products in humans. J. Nutr. Suppl. 1941; 10: 21
   Google Scholar
• Melnick D. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) requirement of man. J. Nutr. 1942; 24: 139
   Google Scholar
• Wuest H. M., Furness F. N., White E. W., Beckel W. S. Unsolved problems of thiamine. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1962; 98: 384
   Google Scholar
• Oldham H. G. Thiamine requirements of women. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1962; 98: 542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of the vitamin nutritional status in man. J.A.M.A. 1962; 180: 49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of nutritional status in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thanangicul O., Whitaker J. A. Childhood thiamine deficiency in northern Thailand. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 275
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brin M., Dibble M. V., Peel A., McMullen E., Bourquin A., Chen N. Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of aged in Onondaga County, New York. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Stevens C. O., Herman Y. F. Thiamin requirement of the adult human. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 671, (detailed manuscript submitted for publication)
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Assessment of nutritional status: Biochemical methods. Nutrition: A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHeary. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. III: 265
   Google Scholar
• Henshaw J. L., Noakes G., Morris S. O., Bennion M., Gubler C. J. Method for evaluating thiamine adequacy in college women. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1970; 57: 436
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plough I. C., Bridgefort E. B. Relations of clinical and dietary findings in nutrition surveys. Publ. Health Rep. 1960; 75: 699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krehl W. A., Hodges R. E. The interpretation of nutrition survey data. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Requirements of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavine and niacin, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group. FAO Nutrition Meeting Report Series No. 41, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1967
   Google Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th revised ed. Publication 1694, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1968
   Google Scholar
• Elsom K., O'Shea J. G., Nicholson J. T. L., Chornock C. Studies of the B vitamins in the human subject. V. The normal requirement for thiamine; some factors influencing its utilization and excretion. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1942; 203: 569
   Google Scholar
• Methods for evaluation of nutritional adequacy and status, H. Spector, M. S. Peterson, T. E. Friedemann. National Academy Science - National Research Council Publication, Washington, D.C. 1954
   Google Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stearns G., Adamson L., McKinley J. B., Lenner T., Jeans P. C. Excretion of thiamine and riboflavin by children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1958; 95: 185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plough I. C., Consolazio C. F. The use of casual urine specimens in the evaluation of the excretion rates of thiamine, riboflavin and N'-methylnicotinamide. J. Nutr. 1959; 69: 365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Plessis J. P. An evaluation of biochemical criteria for use in nutrition status surveys, National Nutrition Research Institute. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report No. 261. PretoriaSouth Africa 1967; 65
   Google Scholar
• Suggested Guidelines for Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children, revised 1967. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Service. Children's Bureau, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson R. E., Henderson C., Robinson P. F., Consolazio C. F. Comparative merits of fasting specimens, random specimens, and oral loading tests in field nutrition surveys. J. Nutr. 1945; 30: 89
   Google Scholar
• Lossy F. T., Goldsmith G. A., Sarett H. P. A study of test dose excretion of five B complex vitamins in man. J. Nutr. 1951; 45: 213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• May J. M. Studies in Medical Geography. The Ecology of Malnutrition. Hafner Publishing Co., New York 1961-1972; Vol. 1 - 11
   Google Scholar
• Dewhurst W. G., Morgan H. G. Importance of urine volume in assessment of thiamin deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burch H. B., Salcedo J., Jr., Carrasco E. O., Intengan C. L., Caldwell A. B. Nutrition survey and tests in Bataan, Philippines. J. Nutr. 1950; 42: 9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burch H. B., Bessey O. A., Love R. H., Lowry O. H. The determination of thiamine and thiamine phosphates in small quantities of blood and blood cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1952; 198: 477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dube R. B., Johnson E. C., Yu H. H., Storvick C. A. Thiamine metabolism of women on controlled diets. 2. Daily blood thiamine values. J. Nutr. 1952; 48: 307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Louhi H. A., Yu H. H., Hawthorne B. E., Storvick C. A. Thiamine metabolism of women on controlled diets. I. Daily urinary thiamine excretion and its relation to creatinine excretion. J. Nutr. 1952; 48: 297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fennelly J., Frank O., Baker H., Leevy C. M. Transketolase activity in experimental thiamine deficiency and hepatic necrosis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1964; 116: 875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foltz E. E., Barborka C. J., Ivy A. C. The level of vitamin B-complex in the diet at which detectable symptoms of deficiency occur in man. Gastroenterology 1944; 2: 323
   Google Scholar
• Burch H. B., Salcedo J., Jr., Carrasco E. O., Intengan C. Nutrition resurvey in Bataan, Philippines, 1950. J. Nutr. 1952; 46: 239
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Pasher I., Ziffer H., Sobotka H. Pantothenic acid, thiamine and folic acid levels at parturition. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1960; 103: 321
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myint T., Houser H. B. The determination of thiamine in small amounts of whole blood and serum by a simplified thiochrome method. Clin. Chem. 1965; 11: 617
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frank O., Baker H., Sobotka H. Blood- and serum-levels of water-soluble vitamins in man and animals. Nature 1963; 197: 490
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Pasher I., Sobotka H., Hunter S. Vitamin levels in blood and serum. Nature 1961; 191: 78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houser H. B., Myint T., Weir D. R. Estimation of red blood cell thiamine concentration from whole blood and serum thiamine by adjustment for bematocrit. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brin M. Functional evaluation of nutritional status: Thiamine. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. III: 407
   Google Scholar
• Brin M. Erythrocyte transketolase in early thiamine deficiency. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1962; 98: 528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brin M., Tai M., Ostashever A. S., Kalinsky H. The effect of thiamine deficiency on the activity of erythrocytehemolysate transketolase. J. Nutr. 1960; 71: 273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brin M. Erythrocyte as a biopsy tissue for functional evaluation of thiamine adequacy. J.A.M.A. 1964; 187: 762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyfus P. Clinical application of blood transketolase determinations. N. Engl. J. Med. 1962; 267: 596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Problems of assessment of nutritional status: An overview of biochemical methodologies. Proceedings of a Workshop on Problems of Assessment and Alleviation of Malnutrition in the United States, Nashville, Tennessee, January 13-14. Nutrition Study Section, Division of Research Grants, Nat. Inst. of Health, Washington, D.C. 1970, Pub. 916.086
   Google Scholar
• Stevens C. O., Sauberlich H. E., Long J. L. An automated assay for transketolase determinations. Automation in Analytical Chemistry. Mediad Inc., Publishers, New York 1968
   Google Scholar
• Warnock L. G. A new approach to erythrocyte transketolase measurement. J. Nutr. 1970; 100: 1057
   Google Scholar
• Tanphaichitr V., Vimokesant S. L., Dhanamitta S., Valyasevi A. Clinical and biochemical studies of adult beriberi. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Bunce G. E. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. Union of Burma Nutrition Survey Report. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. May, 1963; 163
   Google Scholar
• Chong Y. H., Ho G. S. Erythrocyte transketolase activity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schouten H., Statius Van Eps L. W., Struyker Boudier A. M. Transketolase in blood. Clin. Chim. Acta 1964; 10: 474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy K. Erythrocyte transketolase activity and thiamine transfer across human placenta. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 739
   Google Scholar
• Brubacher G., Haenel A., Ritzel G. Transketolaseaktivität, thiaminausscheidung und blutthiamingehalt bein menschen zur beurteilung der vitamin-B1-versorgung. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 1972; 42: 190
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brin M. Thiamine deficiency and erythrocyte metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgener M., Jurgens P. G. Thiamine excretion and transketolase activity in chronic alcoholism and Wernicke's encephalopathy. Ger. Med. Mon. 1967; 12: 396
   Google Scholar
• Akbarian M., Dreyfus P. M. Blood transketolase activity in beriberi heart disease. J.A.M.A. 1968; 203: 77
   Google Scholar
• Kraut H., Wildeman L., Böhm M. Untersuchungen zum thiaminbedarf des menschem. Int. J. Vit. Res. 1966; 36: 157
   Google Scholar
• Reuter H., Gassmann B., Erhardt V. Beitrag zur frage des menschlichen thiaminbedarfs. Int. J. Vit. Res 1967; 37: 315
   Google Scholar
• Coon W. W., Bizer L. S. Subclinical thiamine deficiency in postoperative patients. Surg. Gynecol. Obst. 1965; 121: 37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konttinen A., Louhija A., Härtel G. Blood transketolase in assessment of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics. Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fenn. 1970; 48: 172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abe T. Department of Medicine. Toho University School of Medicine, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Kreisler O. The determination of early thiamine-deficient states by estimation of blood lactic and pyruvic acids after glucose administration and exercise. J. Nutr. 1949; 37: 411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Liebert E., Kreisler O., Wittman P. Investigations of human requirements for B-complex vitamins. Natl. Res. Council Philipp. Bull., Washington, D.C. 1948; 116
   Google Scholar
• Thompson R. H. S. The value of blood pyruvate determinations in the diagnosis of thiamine deficiency. Thiamine Deficiency: Biochemical Lesions and Their Clinical Significance, G. E. W. Wolstenholme. Ciba Foundation Study Group No. 28, Churchill, London 1967
   Google Scholar
• Ariaey-Nejad M. R., Balaghi M., Baker E. M., Sauberlich H. E. Thiamin metabolism in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziporin Z. Z., Beier E., Holland D. C., Bierman E. L. A method for determining the metabolites of thiamine in urine. Anal. Biochem. 1962; 3: 1
   Google Scholar
• White W. W., III, Amos W. H., Jr., Neal R. A. Isolation and identification of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin in rat urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Nutr. 1970; 100: 1053
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amos W. H., Neal R. A. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of various thiamine metabolites. Anal. Biochem. 1970; 36: 332
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neal R. A. (1971) Vitamin deficiencies: Thiamin. Proceedings of a Workshop on Problems of Assessment and Alleviation of Malnutrition in the United States, Nashville, Tennessee, January 13-14, 1970. Nat. Inst. of Health, Washington, D.C., sponsored by the Nutrition Study Section Division of Research Grants, Pub. 916.086
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O., Madére R. New automated method for measuring thiamine (vitamin B1) in urine. Clin. Chem. 1972; 18: 937
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leveille G. A. Modified thiochrome procedure for the determination of urinary thiamin. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Difco Supplementary Literature. Difco Laboratories, Detroit May, 1972; 449, 48232
   Google Scholar
• Darby W. J., et al. The Vanderbilt cooperative study of maternal and infant nutrition. IV. Dietary, laboratory and physical finding in 2, 129 delivered pregnancies. J. Nutr. 1953; 51: 565
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suggested guide for interpreting dietary and biochemical data, Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. Public Health Rep. 1960; 75: 687
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Reen R., Minard D., Consolazio C. F., Matoush L. O. Nutrition of 96 Naval recruits during a shelter habitability study. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1963; 42: 117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thiamine deficiency: Biochemical lesions and their clinical significance. CIBA Foundation Study Group No. 28, G. E. W. Wolstenholme, M. O'Connor. Little, Brown, and Co., Boston 1967
   Google Scholar
• Upjohn D. R., Dohm G. L., Ziporin Z. Z. An enzyme method for the assay of transketolase activity in the red blood cell, submitted for publication. J. Nutr. 1973
   Google Scholar
• Lamden M. P. Thiamine IX. Biochemical detection of deficiency. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1972; Vol. V: 134
   Google Scholar
• Kelsay J. I. A compendium of nutritional status studies and dietary evaluation studies conducted in the United States, 1957-1967. J. Nutr. 1969; 99: 123, Suppl. 1, Part II
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis T. R. A., Gershoff S. N., Gamble D. F. Review of studies of vitamin and mineral nutrition in the United States (1950-1968). J. Nutr. Educ. 1969; 1(Suppl. 1)41
   Google Scholar
• Nutrition Survey Reports of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. National Institute of Health, Office of International Research, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland
   Google Scholar
• Reports of the Ten-State Nutrition Survey: 1968–1970. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Center for Disease Control, AtlantaGeorgia 1972, 30333
   Google Scholar
• Lai C. S., Ransome G. A. Burning-feet syndrome. Case due to malabsorption and responding to riboflavine. Br. Med. J. 1970; 2: 151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clarke H. C. The riboflavin deficiency syndrome of pregnancy. Surg. Forum 1971; 22: 394
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coon W. W. Riboflavin metabolism in surgical patients. Surg. Gynecol. Obst. 1965; 120: 1289
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bro-Rasmussen F. The riboflavin requirement of animals and man and associated metabolic functions. Part II: Relation of requirement to the metabolism of protein and energy. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. 1958; 28: 369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snyderman S. E., Ketron K. C., Burch H. B., Lowry O. H., Bessey O. A., Guy L. P., Holt L. E., Jr. The minimum riboflavin requirement of the infant. J. Nutr. 1949; 39: 219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brewer W., Porter T., Ingalls R., Ohlson M. A. The urinary excretion of riboflavin by college women. J. Nutr. 1946; 32: 583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis M. V., Oldham H. G., Roberts L. J. Riboflavin excretion of young women on diets containing varying levels of the B-vitamins. J. Nutr. 1946; 32: 143
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedemann T. E., Ivy A. C., Jung F. T., Sheft B. B., Kinney V. M. Work at high altitude. IV. Utilization of thiamin and riboflavin. Q. Bull. Northwest Univ. Med. Sch. 1949; 23: 177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedemann T. E., Ivy A. C., Sheft B. B., Kinney V. M. V. The relation between daily oral intake and excretion of thiamin and riboflavin. Q. Bull. Northwest. Univ. Med. Sch. 1949; 23: 438
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oldham H., Sheft B. B., Porter T. Thiamine and riboflavin intakes and excretions during pregnancy. J. Nutr. 1950; 41: 231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Hills O. W., Harvey C. C., Liebert E., Steinberg D. L. Effects of dietary depletion of riboflavin. J. Nutr. 1949; 39: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Harvey C. C., Hills O. W., Liebert E. Correlation of urinary excretion of riboflavin with dietary intake and symptoms of ariboflavinosis. J. Nutr. 1950; 41: 247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oldham H., Johnston F., Kleiger D., Hedderich-Arismendi H. A study of the riboflavin and thiamine requirements of children of preschool age. J. Nutr. 1944; 27: 435
   Google Scholar
• Windmueller H. G., Anderson A. A., Mickelsen O. Elevated riboflavin levels in urine of fasting human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tucker R. G., Mickelsen O., Keys A. The influence of sleep, work, diuresis, heat, acute starvation, thiamine intake and bed rest on human riboflavin excretion. J. Nutr. 1960; 72: 251
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• May J. M. Studies in Medical Geography. The Ecology of Malnutrition. Hafner Publishing Co., New York 1961–1972; Vol. 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Unglaub W. G., Goldsmith G. A. Evaluation of vitamin adequacy: Urinary excretion tests. Methods for Evaluation of Nutritional Adequacy and Status - A Symposium, Advisory Board on Quartermaster Research and Development, Committee on Foods, National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1954; 69
   Google Scholar
• Lowry O. H. Biochemical evidence of nutritional status. Physiol. Rev. 1952; 32: 431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DuPlessis J. P. An evaluation of biochemical criteria for use in nutrition status surveys, National Nutrition Research Institute. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report No. 261, Pretoria, S Africa 1967; 77
   Google Scholar
• Hegsted D. M., Gershoff S. N., Trulson M. F., Jolly D. H. Variation in riboflavin excretion. J. Nutr. 1956; 60: 581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plough I. C., Consolazio F. C. The use of casual urine specimens in the evaluation of the excretion rates of thiamine, riboflavin and N'-methylnicotinamide. J. Nutr. 1959; 69: 365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack H., Bookman J. J. Riboflavin excretion as a function of protein metabolism in the normal, catabolic and diabetic human being. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1951; 38: 561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963, 20402
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Riboflavin. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VII: 99
   Google Scholar
• Difco Supplementary Literature. Difco Laboratories, Detroit 1972; 448, 48232
   Google Scholar
• Stearns G., Adamson L., McKinley J. B., Lenner T., Jeans P. C. Excretion of thiamine and riboflavin by children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1958; 95: 185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of the vitamin nutritional status in man. J.A.M.A. 1962; 180: 49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Blood and urinary vitamin levels as potential indices of body stores. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 514
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Assessment of nutritional status: Biochemical methods. Nutrition, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. III: 265
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Biochemical appraisal of nutritional status in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stearns G., Newman K. J., McKinley J. B., Jeans P. C. The protein requirements of children from 1 to 10 years of age. Ann. N. Y. Acad Sci. 1958; 69: 857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson R. L., Kelly H. G. Growth charts for use in pediatric practice. J. Pediatr. 1945; 27: 215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darby W. J., et al. The Vanderbilt cooperative study of maternal and infant nutrition. IV. Dietary, laboratory and physical findings in 2,129 delivered pregnancies. J. Nutr. 1953; 51: 565
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessey O. A., Horwitt M. K., Love R. H. Dietary deprivation of riboflavin and blood riboflavin levels in man. J. Nutr. 1956; 58: 367
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burch H. B., Bessey O. A., Lowry O. H. Fluorometric measurements of riboflavin and its natural derivatives in small quantities of blood, serum and cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1948; 175: 457
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lossy F. T., Goldsmith G. A., Sarett H. P. A study of test dose excretion of five B complex vitamins in man. J. Nutr. 1951; 45: 213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clarke H. C. A photodecomposition fluorimetric method for the determination of riboflavin in whole blood. Int. J. Vit. Res. 1969; 39: 182
   Google Scholar
• Homitt M. K., personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Suvarnakich K., Mann G. V., Stare F. J. Riboflavin in human serum. J. Nutr. 1952; 47: 105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arroyave G., Valenzuela S., Faillace A. Deficiency of riboflavine in pregnant women of the city of Guatemala. Rev. Col. Méd. Guatemala 1958; 9: 7
   Google Scholar
• DeRitter E., Moore M. E., Hirschberg E., Rubin S. H. Critique of methods for the determination of riboflavin in urine. J. Biol. Chem. 1948; 175: 883
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Feingold S., Gellene R. A., Leevy C. M., Hunter S. H. A riboflavin assay suitable for clinical use and nutritional surveys. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beal V. A., VanBuskirk J. J. Riboflavin in red blood cells in relation to dietary intake of children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1960; 8: 841
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraut H., Ramaswarny S. S., Wildermann L. Riboflavin requirement and riboflavin excretion. Int. Zeit. Vit. 1961; 32: 25
   Google Scholar
• Morley H. H., Edwards M. A., Moller I. L., Woodring M. J., Storvick C. A. Riboflavin in the blood and urine of women on controlled intakes. J. Nutr. 1959; 69: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mellar N. P., Maass A. R. A simplified automated determination of riboflavin in urine, Technicon International Symposium; Abstract No. PH. 16, New York, June, 1972; 64
   Google Scholar
• Tillotson J. A., Baker E. M. An enzymatic measurement of the riboflavin status in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Judd J. H., Nichoalds G. E., Broquist H. P., Darby W. J. Application of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase assay in evaluating riboflavin nutritional status in a high school student population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glatzle D., Körmer W. F., Christeller S., Wiss O. Method for the detection of a biochemical riboflavin deficiency. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1970; 40: 166
   Google Scholar
• Bamji M. S. Glutathione reductase activity in red blood cells and riboflavin nutritional status in humans. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969; 26: 263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler E. The correction of glutathione reductase deficiency by riboflavin administration. J. Clin. Invest. 1969; 48: 7a
   Google Scholar
• Beutler E. Effect of flavin compounds on glutathione reductase activity: in vivo and in vitro studies. J. Clin. Invest. 1969; 48: 1957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler E. Glutathione reductase: stimulation in normal subjects by riboflavin supplementation. Science 1969; 165: 613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flatz G. Population study of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity. 1. Stimulation of the enzyme by flavin adenine dinucleotide and by riboflavin supplementation. Humangenetik 1971; 11: 269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glatzle D. Dependency of the glutathione reductase activity on the riboflavin status. Clinical Enzymology. S. Karger, Basel 1970; 2: 89
   Google Scholar
• Glatzle D., Weber F., Wiss O. Enzymatic test for the detection of a riboflavin deficiency. Experientia 1968; 24: 1122
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharada D., Bamji M. S. Erythroctye glutathione reductase activity and riboflavin concentration in experimental deficiency of some water soluble vitamins. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1972; 42: 43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thurnham D. I., Migasena P., Pavapootanon N. The ultramicro red-cell glutathione reductase assay for riboflavin status: Its use in field studies in Thailand. Microchim. Acta (Wien) 1970; 5: 988
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thumham D. I., Migasena P., Vudhivai N., Supawan V. A longitudinal study on dietary and social influences on riboflavin status in pre-school children in Northeast Thailand. South-East Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. Health 1971; 2: 552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buzina R., Jusié M., Brodarec A., Milanovic N., Brubacher G., Viulleumier J. P., Wiss O. The assessment of dietary vitamin intake of 24 Istrian farmers: II. Comparison between the dietary intake and biochemical status of ascorbic acid, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1971; 41: 289
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tillotson J. A., Sauberlich H. E. Effect of riboflavin depletion and repletion on the erythrocyte glutathione reductase in the rat. J. Nutr. 1971; 101: 1459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuPlessis J. P., De Lange D. J. Biochemical evaluation of the nutrition status of urban school children of 12–15 years - riboflavin status. S. Afr. Med. J. 1966; 40: 518
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K. Nutritional requirements of man, with special reference to riboflavin. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 458
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivlin R. S. Riboflavin metabolism. N. Engl. J. Med. 1970; 283: 463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick D. B. The fate of riboflavin in the mammal. Nutr. Rev. 1972; 30: 75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormick D. B. (1971) Vitamin deficiencies: The fate of riboflavin. Problems of Assessment and Alleviation of Malnutrition in the United States proceedings of a workshop sponsored by Vanderbilt University, HSMHA and NIH, Nashville, Tennessee, Jan. 13–14, 1970, R. G. Hansen, H. N. Munro. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Pub. #16.086, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O., Madére R. Automated determination of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in urine. Research Laboratories, Food and Drug Directorate. Department of National Health and Welfare, OttawaCanada, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Nutritional Evaluation of the Population of Central America and Panama: 1965–1967. Report of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama and of the Nutrition Program. Center for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Publication No. (HSM) 72–8120. 1972
   Google Scholar
• Mellor N. P., Maass A. R. (Smith, Kline & French Laboratories, Philadelphia). A simplified automated determination of riboflavin in urine, Technicon International Congress on Advances in Automated Analysis. 12–14 June. New York 1972; 64, Abstracts
   Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Riboflavin X II. Requirements and factors influencing them. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1972; Vol. V: 88
   Google Scholar
• Clarke R. P., Cosgrove De L. G., Morse E. H. Vitamin to creatinine ratios. Variability in separate voidings of urine of adolescents during a 24 hour period. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelsay J. L. A compendium of nutritional status studies and dietary evaluation studies conducted in the United States, 1957–1967. J. Nutr. 1969; 99: 123, Suppl. I, Part II
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis T. R. A., Gershoff S. N., Gamble D. F. Review of studies of vitamin and mineral nutrition in the United States (1950–1968). J. Nutr. Educ., Suppl. I 1969; 1: 41
   Google Scholar
• Canham J. E. Nutrition surveys of military populations, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Gyögy P. The history of vitamin B6. Vitam. Horm. 1964; 22: 361
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• György P. Developments leading to the metabolic role of vitamin B4. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 1250
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Vitamin B4 group. IX. Biochemical systems and biochemical detection of deficiency. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1968; Vol. II: 44, chap. 3
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Recent advances in the knowledge of vitamin function and metabolism: Pyridoxine. Symposia Proceedings IX International Congress of Nutrition, Mexico City. S. Karger, Basle 1972, in press
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Canham J. E. Vitamin B4. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, R. S. Goodhart, M. E. Shils. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1973
   Google Scholar
• Vitamin B4 in metabolism of the nervous system, M. A. Kelsall. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 1
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Vitamin B4 group. VIII. Active compounds and antagonists. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1968; Vol. II: 33
   Google Scholar
• International Symposium on Vitamin B4. Vitam. Horm. 1964; 22: 399
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Canham J. E., Baker E. M., Raica N., Jr., Herman Y. F. Human vitamin B6 nutriture. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 1970; 29((8))528
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Human requirements for vitamin B6. Vitam, Horm. 1964; 22: 807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linkswiler H. Biochemical and physiological changes in vitamin B6 deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canham J. E., Baker E. M., Harding R. S., Sauberlich H. E., Plough I. C. Dietary protein - its relationship to vitamin B6 requirement and function. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coon W. W., Nagler E. The tryptophan load as a test for pyridoxine deficiency in hospitalized patients. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baysal A., Johnson B. A., Linkswiler H. Vitamin B6 depletion in man: blood vitamin B6, plasma pyridoxal-phosphate, serum cholesterol, serum transaminases and urinary vitamin B6 and 4-pyridoxic acid. J. Nutr. 1966; 89: 19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• György P. Vitamin B6 group. XI. Vitamin B6 deficiency effects in man. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1968; Vol. II: 90
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Vitamin B6. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VII: 169
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Canham J. E., Baker E. M., Raica N., Jr., Herman Y. F. Biochemical assessment of the nutritional status of vitamin B6 in the human. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepkovsky S., Nielson E. A green pigment-producing compound in urine of pyridoxine-deficient rats. J. Biol. Chem. 1942; 144: 135
   Google Scholar
• Fouts P. J., Lepkovsky S. A green pigment-producing compound in urine of pyridoxine-deficient dogs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1942; 50: 221
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg L. D., Bohr D. F., McGrath H., Rinehart J. F. Xanthurenic acid excretion in the human subject on a pyridoxine-deficient diet. Arch. Biochem. 1949; 21: 237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Yess N. Testing the functional capacity of the tryptophan-niacin pathway in man by analysis of urinary metabolites. Adv. Metab. Disord. 1965; 2: 159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker E. M., Canham J. E., Nunes W. T., Sauberlich H. E., McDowell M. E. Vitamin B6 requirement for adult men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller L. T., Linkswiler H. Effect of protein intake on the development of abnormal tryptophan metabolism by men during vitamin B6 depletion. J. Nutr. 1967; 93: 53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yess N., Price J. M., Brown R. R., Swan P. B., Linkswiler H. Vitamin B6 depletion in man: urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites. J. Nutr. 1964; 84: 229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinnamon A. D., Beaton J. R. Biochemical assessment of vitamin B6 status in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Miller O. N., Coursin D. B., Rose D. P. (organizing committee), Biochemistry and pathology of tryptophan metabolism and its regulation by amino acids, vitamin B6 and steroid hormones. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 653
   Google Scholar
• Canham J. E., Baker E. M., Sauberlich H. E., Raica N., Jr., Nunes W. T. Human requirements and various aspects of vitamin B6 metabolism: fractional urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites, creatinine and vitamin B6 status. U.S. Army Med. Res. Nutr. Lab. Ann. Prog. Rep. 1963; 151
   Google Scholar
• Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. Union of Burma Nutritional Survey, October-December 1961. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963
   Google Scholar
• Canham J. E., Baker E. M., Raica N., Jr., Sauberlich H. E. Vitamin B6 requirement of adult men. Proc. Seventh Intern. Congr. Nutr., Hamburg. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York 1966; Vol. 5: 558
   Google Scholar
• Rapoport M. I., Beisel W. R. Circadian periodicity of tryptophan metabolism. J. Clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinyard E., Joven C. B., Swendseid M. E., Drenick E. J. Vitamin B6 nutriture studied in obese subjects during 8 weeks of starvation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drenick E. J., Vinyard E., Swendseid M. E. Vitamin B6 requirements in starving obese males. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose D. P. The influence of oestrogens on tryptophan metabolism in man. Clin. Sci. 1966; 31: 265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D. P. Excretion of xanthurenic acid in the urine of women taking progestogen-oestrogen preparations. Nature 1966; 210: 196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., Sauberlich H. E., Canham J. E. The effects of short-term ingestion of contraceptive steroids on tryptophan metabolism in female subjects. U.S. Army Med. Res. Nutr. Lab. Ann. Prog. Rep. 1968; 239
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Rose D. P., Price J. M., Wolf H. Tryptophan metabolism as affected by anovulatory agents. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Thornton M. J. Tryptophan metabolism of women using steroid hormones for ovulation control. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 312, (abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Thornton M. J., Mueller L. M. Tryptophan metabolism in women using steroid hormones for ovulation control. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumblatt M. J., Winston F. Pyridoxine and the pill. Lancet 1970; 1: 832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Davis P., Murphy M., Gordon M., Brin M., Spiegel H. Pyridoxine and oral contraceptives. Lancet 1970; 2: 1083
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Theuer R. C. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin and mineral needs: A review. J. Reprod. Med. 1972; 8: 13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moursi G. E., Abdel-Daim M. H., Kelada N. L., Abdel-Tawah G. A., Girgis L. H. The influence of sex, age, synthetic oestrogens, progestogens and oral contraceptives on the excretion of urinary tryptophan metabolites. Bull. W.H.O. 1970; 43: 651
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aly H. E., Donald E. A., Simpson M. H. W. Oral contraceptives and vitamin B6 metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price S. A., Rose D. P., Toseland P. A. Effects of dietary vitamin B6 deficiency and oral contraceptives on the spontaneous urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 494
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toseland P. A., Price S. Tryptophan and oral contraceptives. Br. Med. J. 1969; 1: 777
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown R. R., Thornton M. J., Price J. M. The effect of vitamin supplementation on the urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites by pregnant women. J. Clin. Invest. 1961; 40: 617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachstein M. Evidence for a relative vitamin B6 deficiency in pregnancy and some disease states. Vitam. Horm. 1964; 22: 705
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamfelt A., Hahn L. Pyridoxal phosphate concentration in plasma and tryptophan load test during pregnancy. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1969; 25: 91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arend R. A., Leklem J. E., Brown R. R. Direct and steam distillation autoanalyzer methods for assay of diazotizable aromatic amine metabolites of tryptophan in urine and in serum. Biochem. Med. 1970; 4: 457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Price J. M., Brown R. R., Madsen P. O. Studies on tryptophan metabolism in male subjects treated with progestational agents. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1970; 25: 237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Price J. M. Quantitative studies on metabolites of tryptophan in the urine of the dog, cat, rat and man. J. Biol. Chem. 1956; 219: 985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R. The isolation and determination of urinary hydroxykynurenine. J. Biol. Chem. 1957; 227: 649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satoh K., Price J. M. Fluorometric determination of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid in human urine. J. Biol. Chem. 1958; 230: 781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe M., Watanabe Y., Okada M. A new fluorimetric method for the determination of 3-hydroxykynurenine. Clin. Chim. Acta 1970; 27: 461
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nowak H., Kömer W. F. Automatic determination of xanthhrenic acid. Anal. Biochem. 1966; 17: 154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atkins R., Wilson L., Horton J. Automated fluorometric analysis of urine xanthurenic and kynurenic acid. Technicon Q. 1972; 4((1))20
   Google Scholar
• Wallace M. J., Vaillant H. W., Salhanick H. A. Method for quantitative measurement of xanthurenic acid in urine. Clin. Chem. 1971; 17: 505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown R. R. Normal and pathological conditions which may alter the human requirement for vitamin B6. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1972; 20: 498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toseland P. A., Michelin M. J., Price S. A. The determination of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in human urine by thin-layer electrophoresis and fluorimetry. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 37: 477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe M., Hayashi K. A fluorometric method for 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in human urine. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 37: 417
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O. Vitamin status in metabolic upsets. World Rev. Nutr. and Diet. 1968; 9: 124
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Ning M., Gellene R. A., Hutner S. H., Leevy C. M. A protozoological method for detecting clinical vitamin B6 deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 123
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelsay J., Baysal A., Linkwiler H. Effect of vitamin B6 depletion on the pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine content of the blood and urine of men. J. Nutr. 1968; 94: 490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donald E. A., McBean L. D., Simpson M. H. W., Sun M. F., Aly H. E. Vitamin B6 requirement of young adult women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 1028
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tillotson J. A., Sauberlich H. E., Baker E. M., Canham J. E. Use of carbon-14 labeled vitamins in human nutrition studies: pyridoxine. Proc. Seventh Int. Congr. Nutr. 1966; 5: 554
   Google Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th revised ed. A report of the Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council, Publication No. 1694, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1968, 20418
   Google Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963, 20402
   Google Scholar
• Ten-State Nutrition Survey Reports, I-V. Center for Disease Control, AtlantaGeorgia 1972, 30330
   Google Scholar
• Stearn C., Newman K. J., McKinley J. B., Jeans P. C. The protein requirements of children from one to ten years of age. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1958; 69: 857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Musajo L., Benassi C. A. Aspects of disorders of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in man. Adv. Clin. Chem. 1964; 7: 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuda K., Fujii S., Wada M. Microassay of pyridoxal phosphate using tryptophan-14C with tryptopphanase. Methods in Enzymology, D. B. McCormick, L. D. Wright. Academic Press, New York 1970; Vol. 18A: 505
   Google Scholar
• Polansky M. M., Murphy E. W. Vitamin B6 components in fruits and nuts. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1966; 48: 109
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toepfer E. W., Lehmann J. Procedure for chromatographic separation and microbiological assay of pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine in food extracts. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 1961; 44: 426
   Google Scholar
• Toepfer E. W., Polansky M. M., Richardson L. R., Wilkes S. Comparison of vitamin B6 values of selected food samples by bioassay and microbiological assay. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 1963; 11: 523
   Google Scholar
• Storvick C. A., Benson E. M., Edwards M. A., Woodring M. J. Chemical and microbiological determination of vitamin B6. Methods of Biochemical Analysis, D. Click. Interscience Publishers, New York 1964; Vol. XII: 183
   Google Scholar
• Donald E. A., Ferguson R. F. A micro method for determination of pyridoxal phosphate in leukocytes and liver. Anal. Biochem. 1964; 7: 335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahrens H., Korytnyk W. Pyridoxine chemistry. XXI. Thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis of compounds in the vitamin B6 group. Anal. Biochem. 1969; 30: 413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korytnyk W., Fricke G., Paul B. Pyridoxine chemistry. XII. Gas chromatography of compounds in the vitamin B6 group. Anal. Biochem. 1966; 17: 66
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prosser A. R., Sheppard A. J., Libby D. A. Gas-liquid chromatography of vitamin B6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxol, and pyridoxamine) and its application to pharmaceuticals containing pyridosol. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 1967; 50: 1348
   Google Scholar
• Haskell B. E., Sneil E. E. An improved apotryptophanase assay for pyridoxal phosphate. Anal. Biochem. 1972; 45: 567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabner B., Livingston D. A simple enzymic assay for pyridoxal phosphate. Anal. Biochem. 1970; 34: 413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaresan P. R., Coursin D. B. Microassay of pyridoxal phosphate using L-tyrosine-I-14C and tyrosine apodecarboxylase. Methods in Enzymology, D. B. McCormick, L. D. Wright. Academic Press, New York 1970; Vol. 18A: 509
   Google Scholar
• Evangelopoulos A. E., Karai-Katsadimas I., Kalogerakos T. G. Simultaneous determination of pyridoxal-P and pyridoxamine-P by an enzyme-substrate complex of aspartate transaminase. Enzymologia 1971; 40: 37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith M. A., Dietrich L. S. Preparative thin-layer chromatography for the separation of the various forms of vitamin B6 in tissues. Vitamin B6 content of chick embryo liver during the midperiod of development. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1971; 230: 262
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takanshi S., Tamura Z. Preliminary studies for fluorometric determination of pyridoxal and of its 5′-phosphate. J. Vitaminol. 1970; 16: 129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colombini C. E., McCoy E. E. Rapid thin-layer electrophoretic separation and estimation of all vitamin B6 compounds and of some 5-hydroxyindoles. Anal. Biochem. 1970; 34: 451
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barton-Wright E. C. The microbiological assay of the vitamin B6 complex (pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine) with Kloeckera brevis. Analyst 1971; 96: 314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson B. B., Peart M. B., Fulford-Jones C. E. The measurement of serum pyridoxal by a microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 233
   Google Scholar
• Benson E. M., Edwards M. A., Peters J. M., Storvick C. A. Vitamin B6-amino acid-peptide interrelationship in Streptococcus faecium øS1. Int. J. Vit. Res. 1970; 40: 184
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O. Vitamin B6, in Clinical Vitaminology. Interscience Publishers, New York 1968; 66
   Google Scholar
• Difco Supplementary Literature. Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan May, 1972; 448, 48232
   Google Scholar
• The American Type Culture Collection, 12301. Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20852
   Google Scholar
• Storvick C. A., Peters J. M. Methods for the determination of vitamin B6 in biological materials. Vitam. Horm. 1964; 22: 833
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maruyama H., Coursin D. B. Enzymic assay of pyridoxal phosphate using tyrosine apodecarboxylase and tyrosine-I-14C. Anal. Biochem. 1968; 26: 420
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamfelt A. Enzymatic determination of pyridoxal phosphate in plasma by decarboxylation of L-tyrosine-14C(U) and a comparison with the tryptophan load test. Scand J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1967; 20: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haskell B. E., Snell E. E. Microbiological determination of the vitamin B6 group. Methods in Enzymology, D. B. McCormick, L. D. Wright. Academic Press, New York 1970; Vol. 18A: 512
   Google Scholar
• Brin M. A simplified Toepfer-Lehmann assay for the three vitamin B6 vitamers. Methods in Enzymology, D. B. McCormick, L. D. Wright. Academic Press, New York 1970; Vol. 18A: 519
   Google Scholar
• Johansson S., Lindstedt S., Register U., Wadstrom L. Studies on the metabolism of labeled pyridoxine in man. Am J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contractor S. F., Shane B. 4-pyridoxic acid 5′-phosphate: A metabolite of pyridoxal in the rat. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1970; 39: 1175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gailani S. D., Holland J. F., Nussbaum A., Olson K. B. Clinical and biochemical studies of pyridoxine deficiency in patients with neoplastic diseases. Cancer 1968; 21: 975
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snyderman S. E., Holt L. E., Jr., Carretero R., Jacobs K. Pyridoxine deficiency in the human infant. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1953; 1: 200
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler E., Reinken L., Berger H. Die Ausscheidung von Pyridoxinäure beim Neugeborenen und ihre Beeinflussung durch Pyridoxinbelastung. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1969; 39: 192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R., Price J. M., Madsen P. O. Studies on tryptophan metabolism in male subjects treated with female sex hormones. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1970; 31: 397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coon W. W. The tryptophan load and pyridoxine deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 46: 345
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tompsett S. L. The determination in urine of some metabolites of tryptophan - kynurenine, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid - and reference to the presence of o-aminophenol in urine. Clin. Chim. Acta 1959; 4: 411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coursin D. B. Recommendations for standardization of the tryptophan load test. Am. J. Clin Nutr. 1964; 14: 56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R. The effect of tryptophan load and vitamin B6 supplementation on urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites in human male subjects. Clin. Sci. 1971; 41: 237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs D. A., Watts R. W. E. The action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria. Clin. Sci. 1970; 38: 277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Goad W., Herman Y. F., Milan F., Jamison P. Biochemical assessment of the nutritional status of the Eskimos of Wainwright, Alaska. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 437
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faber S. R., Feitler W. W., Bleiler R. E., Ohlson M. A., Hodges R. E. The effects of an induced pyridoxine and pantothenic acid deficiency on excretions of oxalic and xanthurenic acids in the urine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 406
   Google Scholar
• McCoy E. E., England J. Excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid during deoxypyridoxine and pyridoxine administration to mongoloid and non-mongoloid subjects. J. Nutr. 1968; 96: 525
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritchey S. J., Feeley R. M. The excretion patterns of vitamin B6 and B12 in preadolescent girls. J. Nutr. 1966; 89: 411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woodring M. J., Fisher D. H., Storvick C. A. A microprocedure for the determination of 4-pyridoxic acid in urine. Clin. Chem. 1964; 10: 479
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy S. K., Reynolds M. S., Price J. M. The determination of 4-pyridoxic acid in human urine. J. Biol. Chem. 1958; 233: 691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Feingold S., Christakis G., Ziffer H. Vitamins, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in 642 New York City school children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 850
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 1st ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1957, 20402
   Google Scholar
• Canham J. E., Sauberlich H. E., Baker E. M., Raica N., Jr. Human studies in vitamin B6 metabolism. U.S. Army Med. Res. Nutr. Lab. Ann. Prog. Rep. 1965; 119
   Google Scholar
• Cheney M., Sabry Z. I., Beaton G. H. Erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 337
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raica N., Jr., Sauberlich H. E. Blood cell transaminase activity in human vitamin B6 deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs A., Cavill I. A. J., Hughes J. N. P. Erythrocyte transaminase activity. Effect of age, sex, and vitamin B6 supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubacher G., Ritzel G., Schlettwein-Gsell D. Über die Versorgung eines ausgewählten Kollektivs von Studentent mit einigen Nährstoffen durch die tägliche Nahrung. II. Blutchemische Vitamenanalysen. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch 1970; 40: 199
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnaswamy K. Erythrocyte transaminase activity in human vitamin B6 deficiency. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr., Res. 1971; 41: 240
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woodring M. J., Storvick C. A. Effect of pyridoxine supplementation on glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and in vitro stimulation in erythrocytes of normal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doberenz A. R., Van Miller J. P., Green J. R., Beston J. R. Vitamin B6 depletion in women using oral contraceptives as determined by erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1971; 137: 1100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babson A. L., Shapiro P. O., Williams P. A. R., Phillips G. E. The use of a diazonium salt for the determination of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in serum. Clin. Chim. Acta 1962; 7: 199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babson A. L., Phillips G. E. An improved colorimetric transaminase assay. Clin. Chem. 1965; 11: 533
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giusti G., Ruggiero G., Cacciatore L. A comparative study of some spectrophotometric and colorimetric procedures for the determination of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in hepatic diseases. Enzymol. Biol. Clin. 1969; 10: 17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karmen A., Wroblewski F., LaDue J. S. Transaminase activity in human blood. J. Clin. Invest. 1955; 34: 126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitman S., Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1957; 28: 56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmen A. A note on the spectrophotometric assay of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in human blood serum. J. Clin. Invest. 1955; 34: 131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heddle J. G., McHenry F. W., Beaton G. H. Penicillamine and vitamin B6 interrelationship in the rat. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 1963; 41: 1215
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tonhazy N. E., White N. G., Umbreit W. W. A rapid method for the estimation of the glutamic-aspartic transaminase in tissues and its application to radiation sickness. Arch. Biochem. 1950; 28: 36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabaud P., Leeper R., Wroblewski F. Colorimetric measurement of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1956; 26: 1101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvatore F., Bocchini V., Cimmino P. Methods for the determination of some transaminase activities in biological fluids. Enzymologia 1961; 22: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umbreit W. W., Rahway N. J., Kingsley G. R., Schaffert A. B., Siplet H. A colorimetric method for transaminase in serum or plasma. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957; 49: 454
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wrobiewski F., LeDue J. S. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase in cardiac and hepatic disease. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1956; 91: 569
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wroblewski F., Cabaud P. Colorimetric measurement of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1957; 27: 235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamfelt A. Pyridoxal phosphate concentration and aminotransferase activity in human blood cells. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1967; 16: 19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mosley J. W., Goodwin R. F. Stability of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity on storage. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 44: 591
   Google Scholar
• Fleshood H. L., Sauberlich H. E. U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory. Denver, Colorado, 80240, unpublished data
   Google Scholar
• Coburn S. P., Seidenberg M. Leukocyte pyridoxal phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in Down's syndrome and other retardates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 1197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leevy C. M., Baker H., Ten Hove W., Frank O., Cherrick G. R. B-complex vitamins in liver disease of the alcoholic. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leevy C. M., Cardi L., Frank O., Gellene R., Baker H. Incidence and significance of hypovitaminemia in a randomly selected municipal hospital population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning M., Baker H., Leevy C. M. Effect of protein intake on the development of abnormal tryptophan metabolism by men during vitamin B6 depletion. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1966; 121: 27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamfelt A. Age variation of vitamin B6 metabolism. Clin. Chim. Acta 1964; 10: 48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Thomson A. D., Feingold S. Vitamin distribution in red blood cells, plasma, and other body fluids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969; 22: 1469
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Pasher I. Vitamin levels in blood and serum. Nature 1961; 191: 78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frank O., Baker H., Sobotka H. Blood and serum levels of water-soluble vitamins in man and animals. Nature 1963; 197: 490
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Contractor S. F., Shane B. Blood and urine levels of vitamin B6 in the mother and fetus before and after loading of the mother with vitamin B6. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1970; 107: 635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• György P. Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia 1972, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Hamfelt A., Tuvemo T. Pyridoxal phosphate and folic acid concentration in blood and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity during pregnancy. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 41: 287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park Y. K., Linkswiler H. Effect of vitamin B6 depletion in adult man on the plasma concentration and the urinary excretion of free amino acids. J. Nutr. 1971; 101: 185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnaswamy K. Erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity in patients with oral lesions. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1971; 41: 247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park Y. K., Linkswiler H. Effect of vitamin B6 depletion in adult man on the excretion of cystathionine and other methionine metabolites. J. Nutr. 1970; 100: 110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnaswamy K. Methionine load test in pyridoxine deficiency. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1972; 42: 468
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swan P., Wentworth J., Linkswiler H. Vitamin B6 depletion in man: Urinary taurine and sulfate excretion and nitrogen balance. J. Nutr. 1964; 84: 220
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelsay J., Miller L. T., Linkswiler H. Effect of protein intake on the excretion of quinolinic acid and niacin metabolites by men during vitamin B6 depletion. J. Nutr. 1968; 94: 27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harding R. S., Sauberlich H. E., Canham J. E. The free amino acids in the plasma and urine of human subjects on a vitamin B6-deficient diet. Automation in Analytical Chemistry - Technicon Symposia, L. T. Skeggs, Jr. Mediad, New York 1965; 643
   Google Scholar
• Merrow S. B., Babcock M. J., Radke F. H., Rasmussen A. T. Effects of vitamin B6 on amino acids and their metabolites in the rat and man. Vt. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull., No. 647. Burlington, Vermont 1966
   Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., Strong R., Adams P. W., Harding P. E. Experimental vitamin B6 deficiency and the effect of oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives on tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 requirements. Clin. Sci. 1972; 42: 465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., Strong R., Folkard J., Adams P. W. Erythrocyte aminotransferase activities in women using oral contraceptives and the effect of vitamin B6 supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutritional Anemias. Report of a WHO Scientific Group, WHO technical report series No. 405, World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1968
   Google Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th revised ed. A report of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council, publication No. 1694, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, D.C. 1968
   Google Scholar
• Forshaw J., Moorhouse E. H., Harwood L. Megaloblastic anemia due to dietary deficiency. Lancet 1964; 1: 1004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varadi S., Elwis A. Megaloblastic anemia due to dietary deficiency. Lancet 1964; 1: 1162
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alperin J. B., Hutchison H. T., Levin W. C. Studies of folic acid requirements in megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy. A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 1966; 117: 681
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokstad E. L. R., Oace S. M. Folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, New York 1965; Vol. II: 286
   Google Scholar
• Chow B. F. The B vitamins: B6, B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Nutrition. A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1964; 229
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Nutritional requirements for vitamins B12 and folic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 743
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O. Folates, Clinical Vitaminology. Interscience Publishers, New York 1968; 87
   Google Scholar
• Wagner A. F., Folkers K. Pteroylglutamic acid group. Vitamins and Coenzymes. Interscience Publishers, New York 1964; 113
   Google Scholar
• Blakley R. L. The Biochemistry of Folic Acid and Related Pteridines. Frontiers of Biology, A. Neuberger, E. L. Tatum. North-Holland Publishing Co., J. Wiley and Sons, Inc., Amsterdam, New York 1969; Vol. 13, distributors
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Biochemical and hematologic lesions in folic acid deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 562
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butterworth C. E., Jr. The availability of food folate. Br. J. Haematol. 1968; 14: 339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Cooperman J. M. Folic acid deficiency in man and its interrelationship with vitamin B12 metabolism. Advances in Metabolic Disorders. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. 1: 263
   Google Scholar
• Usdin E. Blood folic acid studies. VI. Chromatographic resolution of folic acid-active substances obtained from blood. J. Biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 2373
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokstad E. L. R., Koch J. Folic acid metabolism. Physiol. Revs. 1967; 47: 83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan L. W. Folates in human nutrition. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. III: 365
   Google Scholar
• Streiff R. R. Folic acid deficiency anemia. Semin. Hematol. 1970; 7: 23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johns D. G., Bertino J. R. Folates and megaloblastic anemia: A review. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1965; 6: 372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowe P. B. Inborn errors of folic acid metabolism - the regulation of the interconversion of active derivatives of folic acid. Minn. Med. 1971; 54: 391
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doscherholmen A. Folate deficiency, absolute and relative. Minn. Med. 1971; 54: 909
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Folic acid. Ann. Rev. Med. 1965; 16: 359
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffbrand A. V., Newcombe B. F. A., Mollin D. L. Method of assay of red cell folate activity and the value of the assay as a test for folate deficiency. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Experimental nutritional folate deficiency in man. Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians Phila 1962; 75: 307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Studies of folate deficiency in man. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1964; 57: 377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I., Rothman D., Berry V. Iron deficiency and its relation to folic-acid in pregnancy: Results of a clinical trial. Br. Med. J. 1965; 1: 480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varadi S., Abbot D., Elwis A. Correlation of peripheral white cell and bone marrow changes with folate levels in pregnancy and their clinical significance. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowenstein L., Brunton L., Hsieh Y -S. Nutritional anemia and megaloblastosis in pregnancy. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1966; 94: 636
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Minimal daily adult folate requirement. Arch. Intern. Med. 1962; 110: 649
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen H. A., Weinfeld A. Metabolic effects and diagnostic value of small doses of folic acid and B12 in megaloblastic anemias. Acta Med. Scand. 1962; 172: 427
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zalusky R., Herbert V. Megaloblastic anemia in scurvy with response to 50 micrograms of folic acid daily. N. Engl. J. Med. 1961; 265: 1033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V., Baker H., Frank O., Pasher I., Sobotka H., Wasserman L. R. The measurement of folic acid activity in serum: A diagnostic aid in the differentiation of the megaloblastic anemias. Blood 1960; 15: 228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I. Studies on urinary formiminoglutamic acid excretion. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1964; 57: 384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooperman J. M., Luhby A. L., Avery C. M. Serum folic acid activity by improved L. casei assay. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1960; 104: 536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper B. A., Lowenstein L. Vitamin B12-folate interrelations in megaloblastic anemia. Br. J. Haemtol. 1966; 12: 283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nomenclature policy: Generic descriptors and trivial names for vitamins and related compounds. J. Nutr. 1973; 103: 159
   Google Scholar
• Temperley I. J., Meehan M. M. M., Gatenby P. B. B. Serum folic acid levels in pregnancy and their relationship to megaloblastic marrow changes. Br. J. Haematol. 1968; 14: 13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert V., Zalusky R. Interrelations of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies. J. Clin. Invest. 1962; 41: 1263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman Y. F., Sauberlich H. E. Lactobacillus casei micro-assay procedure for determining folacin (folate) activity in serum or plasma and red blood cells. U.S. Army Med. Res. and Nutr. Lab. Rep. 1972
   Google Scholar
• Ten-State Nutrition Survey Reports, I-V. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 1972, 30330
   Google Scholar
• Izak G., Rachmilewitz M., Zan S., Grotsowicz N. The effect of small doses of folic acid in nutritional megaloblastic anemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 13: 369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowenstein L., Cantlie G., Ramos O., Brunton L. The incidence and prevention of folate deficiency in a pregnant clinic population. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1966; 95: 797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Aseptic addition method for Lactobacillus casei assay of folate activity in human serum. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutritional Evaluation of the Population of Central America and Panama. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare Publication No. (HSM) 72 - 8120, Nutrition Program, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 1972
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Herbert V., Frank O., Pasher I., Hutner S. H., Wasserman L. R., Sobotka H. A microbiologic method for detecting folic acid deficiency in man. Clin. Chem. 1959; 5: 275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffbrand A. F., Newcombe B. F. A. Leucocyte folate in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and in leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1967; 13: 954
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I., Hutchinson M., McLean A., Moule M. Hepatic folate in man. Br. Med. J. 1966; 1: 396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leevy C. M., Cardi L., Frank O., Gellene R., Baker H. Incidence and significance of hypovitaminemia in a random selected municipal hospital population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leevy C. M., Baker H., TenHove W., Frank O., Cherrick G. R. B-complex vitamins in liver disease of the alcoholic. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilter R. W., Will J. J., Wright T., Rullman D. Interrelationships of vitamin B12, folic acid and ascorbic acid in the megaloblastic anemias. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 130
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lossy F. T., Goldsmith G. A., Sarett H. P. A study of test dose excretion of five B complex vitamins in man. J. Nutr. 1951; 45: 213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pace J. K., Stier L. B., Taylor D. D., Goodman P. S. Metabolic patterns in preadolescent children. V. Intake and urinary excretion of pantothenic acid and of folic acid. J. Nutr. 1961; 74: 345
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Feingold S., Ziffer H., Gellene R. A., Leevy C. M., Sobotka H. The fate of orally and parenterally administered folates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 88
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooperman J. M., Pesci-Bourei A., Luhby A. L. Urinary excretion of folic acid activity in man. Clin. Chem. 1970; 16: 375
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Register U. D., Sarett H. P. Urinary excretion of vitamin B12, folic acid and citrovorum factor in human subjects on various diets. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1953; 77: 837
   Google Scholar
• Santini R., Jr., Sheehy T. W., Aviles J., Davilia I. Daily urinary excretion of folic acid in normal subjects and in patients with tropical sprue. Am. J. Trop. Med. 1962; 11: 421
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girdwood R. H. Folic-acid-excretion studies in the investigation of malignant disease. Br. Med. J. 1953; 2: 741
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girdwood R. H. The megaloblastic anaemias. Their investigation and classification. Q. J. Med. 1956; 25: 87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girdwood R. H. Microbiological assay methods in clinical medicine with particular reference to the investigation of deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Scott. Med. J. 1960; 5: 10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butterworth C. E., Jr., Nadel H., Perez-Santiago E., Santini R., Jr., Gardner F. H. Folic acid absorption, excretion, and leukocyte concentration in tropical sprue. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957; 50: 673
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cox E. V., Meynell M. J., Cooke W. T., Gaddie R. The folic acid excretion test in the steatorrhea syndrome. Gastroenterology 1958; 35: 390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girdwood R. H. Folic acid, its analogs and antagonists. Adv. Clin. Chem. 1960; 3: 235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girdwood R. H., Delamore I. W. Observations on tests of folic acid absorption and clearance. Scott. Med. J. 1961; 6: 44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson B., Belcher E. H., Chanarin I., Mollin D. L. The urinary and faecal excretion of radioactivity after oral doses of 3H-folic acid. Br. J. Haematol. 1960; 6: 439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnear D. G., Johns D. G., Maclntosh P. C., Burgen A. S. V., Cameron D. G. Intestinal absorption of tritium-labeled folic acid in idiopathic steatorrhea. Effect of a gluten-free diet. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1963; 89: 975
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klipstein F. A. The urinary excretion of orally administered tritium-labeled folic acid as a test of folic acid absorption. Blood 1963; 21: 626
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I., Mollin D. L., Anderson B. B. The clearance from plasma of folic acid injected intravenously in normal subjects and patients with megaloblastic anemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1958; 4: 435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanarin L., Mollin D. L., Anderson B. B. Folic acid deficiency and the megaloblastic anaemias. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1958; 51: 757
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metz H., Stevens K., Krawitz S., Brandt V. The plasma clearance of injected doses of folic acid as an index of folic acid deficiency. J. Clin. Pathol. 1961; 14: 622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Sobotka H., Ho P. P., Chen N., Janowitz H., Ziffer H., Leavy C. M. Mechanisms of folic acid deficiency in non-tropical sprue. J.A.M.A. 1964; 187: 159
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V., Bertino J. R. Folic acid. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; 243
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O. IV. A microbiological assay for folate activity. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; 269
   Google Scholar
• Cooperman J. M. Microbiological assay of serum and whole-blood folic acid activity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 1015
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Difco Supplementary Literature. Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan 1972; 444, May 48232
   Google Scholar
• Temperley I. J., Horner N. Effect of ascorbic acid on the serum folic estimation. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feming A. F., Comley L., Stenhouse N. S. Assay of serum and whole blood folate by a modified aseptic addition technique. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 1257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis R. E., Nicol D. J., Kelly A. An automated method for the measurement of folate activity. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millbank L., Davis R. E., Rawlins, Waters A. H. Automation of the assay of folate in serum and whole blood. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I., Berry V. Estimation of serum L. casei activity. J. Clin. Pathol. 1964; 17: 111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frank O., Baker H., Hutner S. H. Microbiological assay of serum and whole-blood folic acid activity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 327
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Streeter A. M., O'Neill B. J. Effect of incubation time on the L. casei bioassay of folic acid in serum. Blood 1969; 34: 216
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spray G. H. Microbiological assay of folic acid activity in human serum. J. Clin. Pathol. 1964; 17: 660
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rae P. G., Robb P. M. Megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy: a clinical and laboratory study with particular reference to the total and labile serum folate levels. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper B. A., Lowenstein L. Evaluation of assessment of folic-acid deficiency by serum folic-acid activity measured by L. casei. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1961; 85: 987
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bird O. D., McGlohon V. M., Vaitkus J. W. A microbiological assay system for naturally occurring folates. Can. J. Microbiol. 1969; 15: 465
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noronha J. M., Aboobaker V. S. Studies on the folate compounds of human blood. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1963; 101: 445
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cowan J. D., Hoffbrud A. V., Mollin D. L. Effect of serum-factors other than folate on the Lactobacillus casei assay. Lancet 1966; 2: 11
   Google Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Cooperman J. M., Teller D. N. Histidine metabolic loading test to distinguish folic acid deficiency from vitamin B12 in megaloblastic anemias. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1959; 101: 350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohamed S. D., Roberts M. Relative importance of formiminoglutamic acid and urocanic acid excretion after a histidine load. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffbrand A. V., Neale G., Hines J. D., Mollin D. L. The excretion of formiminoglutamic acid and urocanic acid after partial gastrectomy. Lancet 1966; 1: 1231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Cooperman J. M. Histidine metabolic loading and folic acid deficiency in pernicious anemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 394
   Google Scholar
• Chanarin L., Bennett M. C., Berry V. Urinary excretion of histidine derivatives in megaloblastic anaemia and other conditions and a comparison with the folic acid clearance test. J. Clin. Pathol. 1962; 15: 269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zalusky R., Habert B. Urinary formiminoglutamic acid as a test of folic-acid deficiency. Lancet 1962; 2: 108
   Google Scholar
• Spector I., Falcke H. C., Yoffe Y., Metz J. Observations on urocanic acid and formiminoglutamic acid excretion in infants with protein malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arkawa T. Congenital defects in folate utilization. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 594
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merritt A. D., Rucknagel D. L., Silverman M., Gardiner R. C. Urinary urocanic acid in man: The identification of urocanic acid and the comparative excretion of urocanic acid and N-formiminoglutamic acid after oral histidine in patients with liver disease. J. Clin. Invest 1962; 41: 1472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanarin I., Bennett M. C. A spectrophotometric method for estimating formiminoglutamic and urocanic acid. Br. Med. J. 1962; 1: 27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luhby L., Cooperman J. Aminoimidazole-carboxamide excretion in vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies. Lancet 1962; 2: 1381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert V., Streiff R., Sullivan L., McGreer P. Accumulation of a purine intermediate (aminoimidazolecarboxamide) (AIC) in megaloblastic anemias associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency with alcoholism, and liver disease. Fed. Proc. 1964; 23: 188
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V., Streiff R. R., Sullivan L. W., McGreer P. L. Deranged purine metabolism manifested by aminoimidazole carboxamide excretion in megalobastic anemias, hemolytic anemia and liver disease. Lancet 1964; 2: 45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan L. W., Liu Y. K., McGreer P. L. The effect of methionine on the urinary excretion of aminoimidazolecarboxamide in megaloblastic anemia. Blood 1966; 28: 991
   Google Scholar
• Middleton J. E., Coward R. F., Smith P. Urinary excretion of A.I.C. in vitamin B12 and folic-acid deficiencies. Lancet 1964; 2: 258
   Google Scholar
• Hiatt H. H., Rabinowitz J. C., Toch R., Goldstein M. Effects of folic acid antagonist therapy on urinary excretion of formic acid by humans. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1958; 98: 144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fish M. B., Pollycove M., Feichtmeir T. V. Differentiation between vitamin B12-deficient megaloblastic anemias with C14-histidine. Blood 1963; 21: 447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy C. F., Fraser I. D., Read A. E. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase in megaloblastic anaemia. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E., Rebouche C., Judd J. H., Jr. Influence of folic acid on 14 C-formate incorporation by blood and blood components of the rat and human. Fed. Proc. Abstr. 1972; 31: 712
   Google Scholar
• Nixon P. F., Bertino J. R. Interrelationships of vitamin B12 and folate in man. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 555
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waxman S., Corcino J. J., Herbert V. Drugs, toxins and dietary amino acids affecting vitamin B12 or folic acid absorption or utilization. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenbaum J., Klipstein F. A. Folic acid deficiency in sickle-cell anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1963; 269: 875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan J. A., Maniatis A., Moloney W. C. The serum Lactobucillus casei folate clearance test in various hematologic disorders. Blood 1964; 24: 187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale J. J. Present knowledge of folacin. Nutr. Rev. 1966; 24: 289
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spray G. H. Oral contraceptives and serum folate levels. Lancet 1968; 2: 110
   Google Scholar
• Paton A. Oral contraceptives and folate deficiency. Lancet 1969; 1: 418
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Streiff R. R. Folate deficiency and oral contraceptives. J.A.M.A. 1970; 214: 105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe D. A. Drug-induced deficiency of B vitamins. N. Y. State J. Med. Dec. 1, 1971; 2770
   Google Scholar
• Theuer R. C. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin and mineral needs: A review. J. Reprod. Med. 1972; 8: 13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kahn S. B., Fein S., Rigberg S., Brodsky I. Correlation of folate metabolism and socioeconomic status in pregnancy and in patients taking oral contraceptives. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1970; 108: 931
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pritchard J. A., Scott D. E., Whalley P. J. Maternal folate deficiency and pregnancy wastage. IV. Effects of folic acid supplements, anticonvulsants, and oral contraceptives. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1971; 109: 341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheehy T. W., Dempsey H. Methotrexate therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria. J.A.M.A. 1970; 214: 109
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maxwell J. D., Hunter J., Stewart D. A., Ardeman S., Williams R. Folate deficiency after anticonvulsant drugs: An effect of hepatic enzyme induction?. Br. Med. J. 1972; 1: 297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazzano G., Thompson P., Jr., Hauser R. Folic acid metabolism and complications of pregnancy. Miss. Med. 1970; 11: 795
   Google Scholar
• Lanzkowsky P. Congenital malabsorption of folate. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertino J. R. Folate antagonists as chemotherapeutic agents. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1971; 186: 5
   Google Scholar
• Avery B., Ledger W. J. Folic acid metabolism in well-nourished pregnant women. Obstet. Gynecol. 1970; 35: 616
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newbauer C. Mental deterioration in epilepsy due to folate deficiency. Br. Med. J. 1970; 2: 759
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strickland G. T., Kostinas J. E. Folic acid deficiency complicating malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1970; 19: 910
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernstein L. H., Gutsteia S., Weiner S., Efron G. The absorption and malabsorption of folic acid and its polyglutamates. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwood P. C., Shinton N. K., Wilson C. I. D., Sweetnam P., Frazer A. C. Haemoglobin, vitamin B12 and folate levels in the elderly. Br. J. Haematol. 1971; 21: 557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hla-Pe U., Aug-Than-Batu. A new colorimetric method for determination of formiminoglutamic acid in urine. Anal. Biochem. 1967; 20: 432
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCalf M. S., White J. D., Frenkel E. P. Bacteria as specific binding agents for an isotopic assay of serum folate. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1970; 134: 536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcombe D. S. The urinary excretion of aminoimidazolecarboxamide in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Pediatrics 1970; 46: 508
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshino T. The clinical and experimental studies on the metabolism of folic acid using tritiated folic acid. I. Absorption tests of tritiated folic acid in man. J. Vitaminol. 1968; 14: 21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshino T. The clinical and experimental studies on the metabolism of folic acid using tritiated folic acid. III. Plasma clearance in man and organ distribution in rat following intravenous administration of tritiated folic acid. J. Vitaminol. 1968; 14: 49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rothman D. Folic acid in pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1970; 108: 149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hibbard B. M., Hibbard E. D. Neutrophil hypersegmentation and defective folate metabolism in pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 1971; 78: 776
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellegaard J., Esmann V. A sensitive test for folic-acid deficiency. Lancet 1970; 1: 308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halsted C. H., Griggs R. C., Harris J. W. The effect of alcoholism on the absorption of folic acid (H3-PGA) evaluated by plasma levels and urine excretion. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1967; 69: 116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn S. B. Recent advances in the nutritional anemias. Med. Clin. North Am. 1970; 54: 631
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris J. W., Keilermeyer R. W. The Red Cell. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1970; 334
   Google Scholar
• Eigen E., Shockman G. D. The folic acid group. Analytical Microbiology, E. Kavanagh. Academic Press, New York 1963; 431
   Google Scholar
• Saraya A. K., Singia P. N., Ramchandran K., Ghai O. P. Nutritional macrocytic anemia of infancy and childhood. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1378
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I. The Megaloblastic Anaemias. Blackwell Scientific Publ., OxfordEngland 1969
   Google Scholar
• Arroyave G. Standards for the diagnosis of vitamin deficiency in man. Metabolic Adaptation and Nutrition. Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 222, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 22037 1971; 88
   Google Scholar
• Traill M. A. When does a serum folate determination indicate folate deficiency?. Lab. Pract. 1969; 18: 154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waxman S., Schreiber C., Herbert V. Radioisotopic assay for measurement of serum folate levels. Blood 1971; 38: 219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxman S. (Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y.), Measurements of Serum, Whole Blood Folate Levels and Folic Acid Binding Protein Using Commercially Available 3HPGA and β-lactoglobulin. presented at the 20th Anniversary Conference on Intestinal Absorption and Allied Disorders. January 23–26. San Juan, Puerto Rico 1973
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V. The five possible causes of all nutrient deficiency: illustrated by deficients of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberg S. P., DaCosta M., Rosenberg Z. Radioassay for serum folate. N. Engl. J. Med. 1972; 286: 1335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook J. D., Alvasado J., Gutnisky A., Jamra M., Labardini J., Layrisse M., Linares J., Loria A., Maspes V., Restrepo A., Reynafarje C., Sinchez-Medal L., Velez H., Viteri F. Nutritional deficiency and anemia in Latin America: a collaborative study. Blood 1971; 38: 591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alter H. J., Zvaifler N. J., Rath C. E. Interrelationship of rheumatoid arthritis, folic acid, and aspirin. Blood 1971; 38: 405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folic acid radioassay kits, available from Diagnostic Products Corporation. 9325 Venice Blvd., Culver City, California, 90230
   Google Scholar
• Harris J. W., Kellermeyer R. W. The Red Cell. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1970; 334
   Google Scholar
• Baker S. J. Human vitamin B12 a deficiency. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1967; 8: 62
   Google Scholar
• Reisner E. H. XI. Deficiency effects and physiology in man. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1968; Vol. II: 220
   Google Scholar
• Requirements of Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Folate, and Iron. 1970. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1970, Report of a joint FAO/WHO Expert Group. FAO nutrition meetings report series No. 47
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan L. W. Vitamin B12 metabolism and megaloblastic anemia. Semin. Hematol. 1970; 7: 6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Recommended dietary allowances, 7th revised ed. A report of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council. Publication No. 1694, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1968, 2101 Constitution Ave.
   Google Scholar
• Jadhav M., Webb J. K. G., Vaishaava S., Baker S. J. Vitamin B12 deficiency in Indian infants: A clinical syndrome. Lancet 1962; 2: 903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winawer S. J., Streiff R., Zamchek N. Gastric and hematological abnormalities in a vegan with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency: Effect of oral vitamin B12. Gastroenterology 1967; 53: 130
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta B. M., Rege D. W., Satoskar R. S. Serum Vitamin B12 and folic acid activity in lactovegetarian and nonvegetarian healthy adult Indians. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Majumdar S., Agarwal K. N., Gupta S., Chandhuri S. N. Serum vitamin B12 and/or folic acid deficiency in childhood anaemias. Indian Pediatr. 1970; 7: 455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singla P. N., Saraya A. K., Ghai O. P. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency in nutritional megaloblastic anaemia of infancy and childhood. Indian J. Med. Res. 1970; 58: 599
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith A. D. M. Veganism: A clinical survey with observations on vitamin B12 metabolism. Br. Med. J. 1962; 1: 1655
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hines J. D. Megaloblastic anemia in an adult vegan. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker S. J., Jacob E., Rajan K. T., Swaminathan S. Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy and the puerperium. Br. Med. J. 1962; 1: 1658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duby W. J., Bridgforth E. B., LeBrocquy J., Clark S. L., Jr., Dutra de Oliveir J., Kevany J., McGanity W. J., Pérez C. Vitamin B12 requirement of adult man. Am. J. Med. 1958; 25: 726
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nutritional Anaemias, Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 405, World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1968
   Google Scholar
• Bengoa J. M. Nutrition activities of the World Health Organization. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1969; 55: 228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Megaloblastic anemia as a problem in world health. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V., Zalusky R. Interrelations of vitamin B12 in folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies. J. Clin. Invest. 1962; 41: 1263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Cooperman J. M. Folic acid deficiency in man and its interrelationship with vitamin B12 metabolism. Advances in Metabolic Disorders. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1964; Vol. 1: 263
   Google Scholar
• Nixon P. F., Bertino J. R. Interrelationships of vitamin B12 and folate in man. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 555
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chow B. F. The B vitamins: B6, B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Nutrition. A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1964; 219
   Google Scholar
• Moore H. W., Folkers K. Vitamin B12 II. Chemistry. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1968; Vol. II: 121
   Google Scholar
• Barker H. A. Vitamin B12 IX. Biochemical systems. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1968; Vol. II: 184
   Google Scholar
• Johns D. G., Bertino J. R. Folates and megaloblastic anemia: A review. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1965; 6: 372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowenstein L., Brunton I., Hsieh Y. -S. Nutritional anemia and megaloblastosis in pregnancy. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1966; 94: 636
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan L. W. Folates in human nutrition. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1967; Vol. III: 365
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Studies of folate deficiency in man. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1964; 57: 377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Nutritional requirements for vitamin B12 and folic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 743
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Biochemical and hematologic lesions in folic acid deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 562
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blakley R. L. The Biochemistry of Folic Acid and Related Pteridines. Frontiers of Biology, A. Neuberger, E. L. Tatum. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, J. Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York 1969; Vol. 13, Distributors
   Google Scholar
• Vilter R. W., Will J. J., Wright T., Rullman D. Interrelationships of vitamin B12, folic acid, and ascorbic acid in the megaloblastic anemias. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 130
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vilter R. W. Interrelationships between folic acid, vitamin B12 and ascorbic acid in the megaloblastic anemias. Medicine 1964; 43: 727
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castle W. B. Current concepts of pernicious anernia. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwin E. The segmentation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The conditions in hypovitaminosis B12 and hypersegmentation. Acta Med. Scand. 1967; 182: 401
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grasbeck R. Physiology and pathology of vitamin B12 absorption, distribution, and excretion. Adv. Clin. Chem. 1960; 3: 299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skeggs H. R. Vitamin B12. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1967; Vol. VII: 277
   Google Scholar
• The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, 17th revision. Mack Publ., Easton, Pennsylvania 1965; 864
   Google Scholar
• Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 9th ed., W. Horowitz. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chemists, Washington, D.C. 1960; 665
   Google Scholar
• Cooperman J. M., Luhby A. L., Teller D. M., Marley J. F. Distribution of radioactive and nonradioactive vitamin B12 in the dog. J. Biol. Chem. 1960; 235: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Difco Supplementary Literature. Difco Laboratories, Detroit 1972; 20: 439
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O. Clinical Vitaminology. Vitamin B12. Interscience Publishers, New York 1968; 116
   Google Scholar
• Guttman H. N. Vitamin B12 and congeners. Analytical Microbiology, E. Kavanagh. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1963; 527
   Google Scholar
• Skeggs H. R. Lactobacillus leichmannil assay for vitamin B12. Analytical Microbiology, E. Kavanagh. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1963; 551
   Google Scholar
• Anderson B. Investigations into the Euglena method for the assay of the vitamin B12 in serum. J. Clin. Pathol. 1964; 17: 14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossowicz N., Sulitzeanu D., Merzbach D. Isotopic determination of vitamin B12 binding capacity and concentration. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1962; 109: 604
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau K., Gottlieb C., Wasserman L. R., Herbert V. Measurement of serum vitamin B12 level using radioisotope dilution and coated charcoal. Blood 1965; 26: 202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato N. Location of vitamin B12 in human erythrocytes. J. Vitaminol. 1958; 4: 226
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hillman R. S., Oakes M., Finholt C. Hemoglobin-coated charcoal radioassay for serum vitamin B12. A simple modification to improve intrinsic factor reliability. Blood 1969; 34: 385
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raven J. L., Robson M. B., Walker P. L., Barkan P. Improved method for measuring vitamin B12 in serum using intrinsic factor, 57Co B12, and activated charcoal. J. Clin. Pathol. 1969; 22: 205
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Omer A., Finlayson N. D. C., Shearman D. J. C., Samson R. R., Girdwood R. H. Erythrocyte vitamin B12 activity in health, polycythemia, and in deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate. Blood 1970; 35: 73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ardeman S., Chanarin I., Krafchik B., Singer W. Addisonian pernicious anemia and intrinsic factor antibodies in thyroid disorder. Q. J. Med. 1966; 35: 421
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sobotka H., Baker H., Ziffer H. Distribution of vitamin B12 between plasma and cells. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1960; 8: 283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biggs J. C., Mason S. L. A., Spray G. H. Vitamin-B12 activity in red cells. Br. J. Haematol 1964; 10: 36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molin D. L., Ross G. I. M. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations in leukaemia and in some other haematological conditions. Br. J. Haematol. 1955; 1: 155
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swendseld M. E., Hvolboll E., Shick G., Halsted J. A. The vitamin B12 content of human liver tissue and its nutritional significance. A comparison study of various age groups. Blood 1957; 12: 24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson R. S., Doctor V. M. The vitamin B12 content of human liver as determined by bio-assay of needle biopsy material. Ann. Intern. Med. 1958; 49: 1361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitney W. R., Onesti P. Vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations of human liver with reference to the assay of needle biopsy material. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 1961; 39: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joske R. A. The vitamin B12 content of human liver tissue obtained by aspiration biopsy. Gut 1963; 4: 231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly A., Davis R. E. The determination of liver vitamin B12 and folate activity in a single extract. J. Vitaminol. 1965; 11: 68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mollin D. L. The megaloblastic anaemias. Ann. Rev. Med. 1960; 11: 333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan L. W., Herbert V. Suppression of hematopoiesis by ethanol. J. Clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 2048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson S., Swaminathan S. P., Baker S. J. Changes in serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with megaloblastic anemia treated with folic acid. J. Clin. Pathol. 1962; 15: 274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox E. V., Meynell M. J., Gaddie R., Cooke W. T. Inter-relation of vitamin B12 and iron. Lancet 1959; 2: 998
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V., Zalusky R. Interrelations of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies. J. Clin. Invest. 1962; 41: 1263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen H. A., Weinfeld A. Metabolic effects and diagnostic value of small doses of folic acid and B12 in megaloblastic anemias. Acta Med. Scand. 1962; 172: 427
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper B. A., Lowenstein L. Relative folate deficiency of erythroid cells in vitamin B12 deficiency. Clin. Res. 1963; 11: 191
   Google Scholar
• Cooper B. A., Lowenstein L. Vitamin B12-folate interrelationship in megaloblastic anemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1966; 12: 283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper B. A., Lowenstein L. Relative folate deficiency of erythrocytes in pernicious anaemia and its correction with cyanocobalamin. Blood 1964; 24: 502
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I., Bennett M. C., Berry V. Urinary excretion of histidine derivatives in megaloblastic anaemia and other conditions and a comparison with folic acid clearance test. J. Clin. Pathol. 1962; 15: 269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shinton N. K. Total serum vitamin B12 concentration in normal human adult serum assayed by Euglena gracilis. Clinical Sci. 1959; 18: 389
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metz J., Festenstein H., Welch P. Effect of folic acid and vitamin B12 supptementation on tests of folate and vitamin B12 nutrition in pregnancy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 472
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White A. M. Vitamin B12 deficiency and the excretion of methylmalonic acid by the human. Biochem. J. 1962; 84: 41P
   Google Scholar
• White A. M. The effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on the excretion of propionic acid by the human. Biochem. J. 1965; 95: 17P
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White A. M., Cox E. V. Methylmalonic acid excretion and vitamin B12 deficiency in the human. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1964; 112: 915
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barness L. A., Young D., Mellman W. J., Kahn S. B., Williams W. J. Methylmalonate excretion in a patient with pernicious anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1963; 268: 144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox E. V., White A. M. Methylmalonic acid excretion: An index of vitamin B12 deficiency. Lancet 1962; 2: 853
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazumder R., Sasakawa T., Ochoa S. Metabolism of propionic acid in animal tissues. X. Methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase holoenzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kahn S. B., Williams W. J., Barnes L. A., Young D., Shafer B., Vivacqua R. J., Beaupre E. M. Methylmalonic acid excretion: A sensitive indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency in man. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1965; 66: 75
   Google Scholar
• Gompertz D., Jones J. H., Knowles J. P. Metabolic precursors of methylmalonic acid in vitamin B12 deficiency. Clin. Chim. Acta 1967; 18: 197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giorgio A. J., Plaut G. W. E. A method for the colorimetric determination of urinary methylmalonic acid in pernicious anemia. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1965; 66: 667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyfus P. M., Dubé V. E. The rapid detection of methylmalonic acid in urine - a sensitive index of vitamin B12 deficiency. Clin. Chim. Acta 1967; 15: 525
   Google Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Cooperman J. M., Lopez R., Giorgio A. J. Vitamin B12 metabolism in thalassemia major. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 165: 443
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Giorgio A. J., Cooperman J. M. Metabolic loading for urinary methylmalonate (MMA) in B12 deficiency in man. Fed. Proc. 1968; 27: 359
   Google Scholar
• Mollin D. L., Pitney W. R., Baker S. J., Bradley J. E. The plasma clearance and urinary excretion of parenterally administered 58Co B12. Blood 1956; 11: 31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rachmilewitz M., Aronovitich J., Grossowicz N. Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 in acute and chronic liver disease. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1956; 48: 339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones P. N., Milis E. H., Capps R. B. The effect of liver disease on serum vitamin B12 concentrations. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957; 49: 910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giorgio A. J. The colorimetric measurement of urinary methylmalonic acid. Methods in Enzymology (Vitamins and Co-Enzymes, D. B. McCormick, L. Wright. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1971; Vol. XVIII: 103, Part C
   Google Scholar
• Giorgio A. J., Malloy E., Black T. A clinical laboratory GLC method for urine methylmalonic acid. Anal. Lett. 1972; 5: 13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras E., Giorgio A. J. Leukocyte methylmalonyl-Co A mutase, I. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 695
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oberholzer V. G., Levin B., Burgess E. A., Young W. F. Methylmalonic aciduria. An inborn error of metabolism leading to chronic metabolic acidosis. Arch. Dis. Child. 1967; 42: 492
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrow G., III, Barness L. A. Studies in a patient with methylmalonic acidemia. J. Pediatr. 1969; 74: 691
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenberg L. E., Lilljeqvist A., Hsia Y. E. Methylmalonic aciduria. Metabolic block localization and vitamin B12 dependency. Science 1968; 162: 805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann E. Methylmalonsäureausscheidung und megaloblastische Blutbidungsstörung. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 1970; 20: 373
   Google Scholar
• Barnes L. A., Morrow G., III, Nocho R. E., Maresca R. A. Silicic acid chromatography of organic acids in blood cells and biological fluids. Clin. Chem. 1970; 16: 20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giorgio A. J., Luhby A. L. A rapid screening test for the detection of congenital methylmalonic acidaria in infancy. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1969; 52: 374
   Google Scholar
• White A. M. (215) Detecting vitamin B12 deficiency in humans by measuring urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid. Methods in Enzymology, D. B. McCormick, L. Wright. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1971; Vol. XVIII: 101, Part C
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman N. E., Barboriak J. J. Gas chromatographic determination of urinary methylmalonic acid. Anal. Biochem. 1967; 18: 10
   Google Scholar
• Gompertz D., Hoffbrand A. V. Methylmalonic aciduria. Br. J. Haematol. 1970; 18: 377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green A. E., Pegrum G. D. Value of estimating methylmalonic acid excretion in anaemia. Br. Med. J. 1968; 3: 591
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brozovic M., Hoffbrand A. V., Dimitriadore A., Mollin D. L. The excretion of methylmalonic acid and succinic acid in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Br. J. Haematol. 1967; 13: 1021
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomertz D. The measurement of urinary methylmalonic acid by a combination of thin-layer and gas chromatography. Clin. Chim. Acta 1968; 19: 477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sprinkle T. J., Porter A. H., Greer M., Williams C. M. A simple method for the determination of methylmalonic acid by gas chromatography. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969; 24: 476
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams D. L., Spray G. H., Newman G. E., O'Brien J. R. P. Dietary depletion of vitamin B12 and the excretion of methylmalonic acid in the rat. Br. J. Nutr. 1969; 23: 343
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kahn S. B. Recent advances in the nutritional anemias. Med. Clin. of North Am. 1970; 54: 631
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elwood P. C., Shinton N. k., Wilson C. I. D., Sweetnam P., Frazier A. C. Haemoglobin, vitamin B12 and folate levels in the elderly. Br. J. Haematol. 1971; 21: 557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes D., Elwood P. C., Shinton N. K., Wrighton R. J. Clinical trial of the effect of vitamin B12 in elderly subjects with low serum B12 levels. Br. Med. J. 1970; 2: 458
   Google Scholar
• Hoffbrand A. V., Newcombe B. F. A., Mollin D. L. Method of assay of red cell folate activity and the value of the assay as a test for folate deficiency. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 19: 17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasker P. W. G. Folic acid and vitamin B12. Effects of graded doses in the treatment of tropical nutritional megaloblastic anaemia. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1960; 54: 578
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart J. S., Roberts P. D., Hoffbrand A. V. Response of dietary vitamin-B12 deficiency to physiological oral doses of cyanocobalamin. Lancet 1970; 2: 542
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weissbach H., Dickerman H. Biochemical role of vitamin B12. Physiol. Rev. 1965; 45: 80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stadtman T. C. Vitamin B12. Science 1971; 171: 859
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Britt R. P., Harper C., Spray G. H. Response of dietary vitamin-B12 deficiency to physiological oral doses of cyanocobalamin. Lancet 1970; 2: 670
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silber R., Moldow C. F. The biochemistry of B12-mediated reactions in man. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsia Y. E., Lilljeqvist A. C., Rosenberg L. E. Vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonicaciduria: Amino acid toxicity, long chain ketonuria, and protective effect of vitamin B12. Pediatrics 1970; 46: 497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney M. J., Rosenberg L. E. Inherited defects of B12 metabolism. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 584
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison R. J. Vitamin B12 levels in erythrocytes in normal subjects and in pernicious anaemia. J. Clin. Path. 1970; 23: 219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison R. J. Vitamin B12 levels in erythrocytes in anaemia due to folate deficiency. Brit. J. Haematol. 1971; 20: 623
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly A., Herbert V. Coated charcoal assay of erythrocyte vitamin B12 levels. Blood 1967; 29: 139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksson A., Myrstener A., Ottosson J. O. Screening for vitamin B12 deficiency in psychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1971; 133, Suppl.No. 221
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan L. W. Differential diagnosis and management of the patient with megaloblastic anemia. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 609
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V., Gottlieb C. W., Altschale M. D. Apparent low serum-vitamin B12 levels associated with chlorpromazine. Lancet 1965; 2: 1052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stuart J., Sklaroff S. A. Rapid microbiological assay of serum vitamin B12 by electronic counter. J. Clin. Path. 1966; 19: 46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Britt R. P., Bolton F. G., Cull A. C., Spray G. H. Experience with a simplified method of radio-isotopic assay of serum vitamin B12. Br. J. Haematol. 1969; 16: 457
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wide J., Killander A. A radiosorbent technique for the assay of serum vitamin B12. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1971; 27: 151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagstaff M., Broughton A. A simple routine radioisotopic method for the estimation of serum vitamin B12 using DEAE cellulose and human serum binding agent. Br. J. Haematol. 1971; 21: 581
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raven J. L., Robson M. B., Morgan J. O., Hoffbrand A. V. Comparison of three methods for measuring vitamin B12 in serum: Radioisotopic Euglena gracilis and Lactobacillus leichmannii. Br. J. Haematol. 1972; 22: 21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saraya A. K., Singla P. N., Ramachandran K., Ghai O. P. Nutritional macrocytic anemia of infancy and childhood. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1378
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanarin I. The megaloblastic anaemias. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England 1969
   Google Scholar
• Boddy K., Adams J. F. The long-term relationship between serum vitamin B12 and total body vitamin B12. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 395
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnes L. A. Vitamin B12 deficiency with emphasis on methylmalonic acid as a diagnostic aid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 573
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trowbridge M., Jr., Wadsworth R. C., Moffitt E. L. Evaluation of the Segal uropepsin test in screening for hypovitaminosis B12. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 282
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schilling R. F. Intrinsic factor studies. II. The effect of gastric juice on the urinary excretion of radioactivity after the oral administration of radioactive vitamin B12. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1953; 42: 860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz J. H., Dimase J., Donaldson R. M. Simultaneous administration of gastric juice-bound and free radioactive cyanocobalamin: rapid procedure for differentiating between intrinsic factor deficiency and other causes of vitamin B12 malabsorption. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1963; 61: 266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell T. K., Bridges J. M., Nelson M. G. Simultaneous free and bound radioactive vitamin B12 urinary excretion test. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 18: 611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell T. K., Lee D. Evaluation of a dual radioisotope urinary excretion test in the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia. Acta Haematol. 1969; 42: 183
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boddy K., Mahaffy M. E., Will G. A double-tracer test of the oral absorption of 57Co-and 58Co-vitamin B12 using a whole-body monitor: clinical experience and technical factors. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 703
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schilling R. F., Clatanoff D. V., Korst D. R. Intrinsic factor studies: III. Further observations utilizing the urinary radioactivity test in subjects with achlorhydria, pernicious anemia or a total gastrectomy. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1955; 45: 926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozian R. C., Ferguson J. L., Heyssel R. M., Meneely G. R., Darby W. J. Evidence concerning the human requirement for vitamin B12. Use of the whole body counter for determination of absorption of vitamin B12. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reizenstein P. G., Cronkite E. P., Cohn S. H. Measurement of absorption of vitamin B12 by whole-body gamma spectrometry. Blood 1961; 18: 95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naversten Y., Liden K., Stahlberg K. G., Norden A. The study of 57Co-vitamin B12 absorption using a whole-body counter. Phys. Med. Biol. 1969; 14: 441
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tappin J. W., Rahman I. A., Rogers K. A study of absorption of vitamin B12 using a whole-body spectrometer. Br. J. Radiol. 1966; 39: 295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlayson N. D. C., Simpson J. D., Tothill P., Sampson R. R., Girdwood R. H., Shearman D. J. C. Application of whole body counting to the measurement of vitamin B12 absorption with reference to achlorhydria. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1969; 4: 397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine W. J., Cullen D. R., Scarth L., Simpson J. D., Davies S. H. Total body counting in the assessment of vitamin B12 absorption in patients with pernicious anemia, achlorhydria without pernicious anemia and in acid secretors. Blood 1970; 36: 20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Armstrong B. K., Woodliff H. J. Studies on the 57Co vitamin B12 plasma level absorption test. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 569
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donaldson D., Blight B. J. N., Lascelles P. T. An assessment of serum 57Co cyanocobalamin as an index of vitamin B12 absorption. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 558
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donaldson D., Lascelles P. T. Vitamin B12 absorption in some neurological and neuroendocrine disorders. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 23: 563
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamar C., McCracken B. H., Miller O. N., Goldsmith G. A. Experiences with the Schilling test as a diagnostic tool. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 402
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corcino J. J., Waxman S., Herbert V. Absorption and malabsorption of vitamin B12. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellenbogen L., Williams W. L. Quantitative assay of intrinsic factor by urinary excretion of radioactive vitamin B12. Blood 1958; 13: 582
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivera J. V., de La Obra F. R., Maldonado M. M. Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency after treatment with folic acid in tropical sprue. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waxman S., Corcino J. J., Herbert V. Drugs, toxins and dietary amino acids affecting vitamin B12 or folic acid absorption or utilization. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe D. A. Drug-induced deficiency of B vitamins. N. Y. State J. Med. Dec. 1, 1971; 2770
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stowers J. M., Smith O. A. O. Vitamin B12 and metformin. Brit. Med. J. 1971; 2: 246
   Google Scholar
• Tomkin G. H., Hadden D. R., Weaver J. A., Montgomery D. A. D. Vitamin B12 status of patients on long-term metformin therapy. Brit. Med. J. 1971; 2: 685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenstein L., Lalonde M., Deschenes E. B., Shapiro L. Vitamin B12 in pregnancy and the puerperium. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1960; 8: 265
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gompertz D., Jones J. H., Knowles J. P. Metabolic precursors of methylmalonic acid in vitamin-B12 deficiency. Lancet 1967; 1: 424
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Middleton J. E., Coward R. F., Smith P. Urinary excretion of A.I.C. in vitamin-B12 and folioacid deficiencies. Lancet 1964; 2: 258
   Google Scholar
• Hibbard B. M., Hibbard E. D. Neutrophil hypersegmentation and defective folate metabolism in pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 1971; 78: 776
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frenkel E. P., McCall M. S., White J. D. Recognition and resolution of errors in the radioisotopic assay of serum vitamin B12. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 53: 891
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahmud K., Ripley D., Doscherholmen A. Vitamin B12 absorption tests. Their unreliability in postgastrectomy states. J.A.M.A. 1971; 216: 1167
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arroyave G. Standards for the diagnosis of vitamin deficiency in man. Metabolic Adaptation and Nutrition. American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 222, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 20037 1971; 88, 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W.
   Google Scholar
• Gawthome J. M., Watson J., Stokstad E. L. R. Automated methylmalonic acid assay. Anal. Biochem. 1971; 42: 555
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voogd C. E., Burg P. V. D. Serum vitamin B12 levels and chlorpromazine. Clin. Chem. Acta 1972; 37: 533
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dale R. A. The assay of methylmalonic acid in urine. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 41: 141
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Middleton J. E. Detection by paper chromatography of imidazoles, including hydantoin-5-propionic acid, in urine after histidine dosage. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 18: 605
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Roon-Djordjevic B., Van Staalen I. C. Urinary excretion of histidine metabolites as an indication for folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 41: 55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. The five possible causes of all nutrient deficiency: illustrated by deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook J. D., Alvarado J., Gutnisky A., Jamra M., Labardini J., Layrisse M., Linares J., Loria A., Maspes V., Restrepo A., Reynafarje C., Sanchez-Medal L., Velez H., Viteri F. Nutritional deficiency and anemia in Latin America: A collaborative study. Blood 1971; 38: 591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottrall M. F., Wells D. G., Trott N. G., Richardson N. E. G. Radioactive vitamin B12 absorption studies: comparison of the whole-body retention, urinary excretion, and eight-hour plasma levels of radioactive vitamin B12. Blood 1971; 38: 604
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bashir H. V., Hinterberger H., Jones B. P. Methylmalonic acid excretion in vitamin B12 deficiency. Br. J. Haematol. 1966; 12: 704
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V., Gottlieb C. W., Lau K. -S. Hemoglobin-coated charcoal assay for serum vitamin B12. Blood 1966; 28: 180
   Google Scholar
• Matthews D. M., Gunanegaram R., Linnell J. C. Results with radioisotopic assay of serum B12 using serum binding agent. J. Clin. Pathol. 1967; 20: 683
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shum H. -Y., Streeter A. M., O'Neill B. J. A modified isotopic dilution method for measuring the serum vitamin B12 level. Med. J. Aust. 1970; 1: 1144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbert V. Diagnostic and prognostic values of measurement of serum vitamin B12-binding proteins. Blood 1968; 32: 305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert H. S., Krauss S., Pasternack B., Herbert V., Wasserman L. R. Serum vitamin B12 in binding capacity (UBBC) in myeloproliferative disease. Value in differential diagnosis and as parameters of disease activity. Ann. Intern. Med. 1969; 71: 719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrimshaw N. S. Progress in solving world nutrition problems. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1959; 35: 441
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darby W. J. Nutritional deficiencies today. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1957; 33: 17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kodicek E., Braude R., Kon S. K., Mitchell K. G. The effect of alkaline hydrolysis of maize on the availability of its nicotinic acid to the pig. Br. J. Nutr. 1956; 10: 51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N., Stempfel S. J., Valenzuela J. S., Hutley M. H., Darby W. J. The influence of cooked vs. raw maize on the growth of rats receiving a 9% casein ration. J. Nutr. 1957; 62: 445
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kodicek E. Nicotinic acid and the pellagra problem. Nutr. Dieta 1962; 4: 109
   Google Scholar
• May J. M. Studies in Medical Geography. The Ecology of Malnutrition. Hafner Publ. Co., New York 1961–1972; Vols. 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A., Miller O. N., Unglaub W. G. Efficiency of tryptophan as a niacin precursor in man. J. Nutr. 1961; 73: 172
   Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Harvey C. C., Rothwell W. S., Cutler J. L., Haffron D. Tryptophan-niacin relationships in man. J. Nutr. 1956; 60, Suppl. 1
   Google Scholar
• Vivian V. M. Relationship between tryptophan-niacin metabolism and changes in nitrogen balance. J. Nutr. 1964; 82: 395
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du Plessis J. P. An evaluation of biochemical criteria for use in nutrition status surveys. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report No. 261, National Nutrition Research Institute, PretoriaSouth Africa 1967
   Google Scholar
• Holman W. I. M., de Lange D. J. Metabolism of nicotinic acid and related compounds by humans. Nature (Lond.) 1950; 165: 604
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Lange D. J., Joubert C. P. Assessment of nicotinic acid status of population groups. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A., Rosenthal H. L., Gibbens J., Unglaub W. G. Studies on niacin requirement in man. II. Requirement on wheat and corn diets low in tryptophan. J. Nutr. 1955; 56: 371
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Unglaub W. G., Goldsmith G. A. Evaluation of vitamin adequacy: Urinary excretion tests. Methods for Evaluation of Nutritional Adequacy and Status - A Symposium, Advisory Board on Quartermaster Research and Development, Committee on Foods, National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1954; 73
   Google Scholar
• Frazier E. I., Prather M. E., Hoene E. Nicotinic acid metabolism in humans. I. The urinary excretion of nicotinic acid and its metabolic derivatives on four levels of dietary intake. J. Nutr. 1955; 56: 501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A., Gibbens J., Unglaub W. G., Miller O. N. Studies of niacin requirement in man. III. Comparative effects of diets containing lime-treated and untreated corn in the production of experimental pellagra. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1956; 4: 151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 1963
   Google Scholar
• Darby W. J., et al. The Vanderbilt cooperative study of maternal and infant nutrition. IV. Dietary, laboratory and physical findings in 2,129 delivered pregnancies. J. Nutr. 1953; 51: 565
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A., Sarett H. P., Register U. D., Gibbens J. Studies of niacin requirement in man. I. Experimental pellagra in subjects on corn diets low in niacin and tryptophan. J. Clin. Invest. 1952; 31: 533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potgieter J. F., Fellingham S. A., Nesser M. L. Incidence of nutritional diseases upon the Bantu and coloured population in South Africa as reflected by the results of a questionnaire survey. S. Afr. Med. J. 1966; 40: 504
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carpenter K. J., Kodicek E. The fluorometric estimation of N'-methylnicotinamide and its differentiation from coenzyme I. Biochem. J. 1950; 46: 42
   Google Scholar
• Hoehberg M. D., Melnick D., Oser B. L. Chemical determination and urinary excretion of the metabolite N'-methylnicotinamide. J. Biol. Chem. 1945; 158: 265
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O., Campbell J. A. A rapid method for the determination of N'-methylnicotinamide in urine. Anal. Biochem. 1962; 3: 60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walters C. J., Brown R. R., Kaihara M., Price J. M. The excretion of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide by man following ingestion of several known or potential precursors. J. Biol. Chem. 1955; 217: 489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Careddu P., Mainardi L., Sacchetti G., Tenconi L. T. Urinary excretion of N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide in children 3 to 12 months. Acta Vitaminol. Milano 1965; 19: 135
   Google Scholar
• El Ridi M. S., Abdelkader M. M., Habib A., Hasaballa A., Hazzi C., Zaki M., Riad Y. The role of the liver and kidney in the metabolism of nicotinic acid amide in pellagrins. Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 1960; 4: 429
   Google Scholar
• Prinsloo J. G., Du Plessis J. P., Kruger H., de Lange D. J., de Villiers L. S. Protein nutrition status in childhood pellagra. Evaluation of nicotinic acid status and creatinine excretion. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 98
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joubert C. P., de Lange J. A modification of the method for the determination of N'-methyl-2-pyridone-carboxylamide in human urine and its application in the evaluation of nicotinic acid status. Proc. Nutr. Soc. Southern Africa 1962; 3: 60
   Google Scholar
• Gabuzda G. J., Davidson C. S. Tryptophan and nicotinic acid metabolism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 502
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lossy F. T., Goldsmith G. A., Sarett H. P. A study of test dose excretion of five B complex vitamins in man. J. Nutr. 1951; 45: 213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenthal H. L., Goldsmith G. A., Sarett H. P. Excretion of N'-methylnicotinamide and the 6-pyridone of N'-methylnicotinamide in urine of human subjects. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1953; 84: 208
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A., Miller O. N., Unglaub W. G., Gibbens J. Procedures for evaluating niacin nutrition. Fed. Proc. 1955; 14: 434
   Google Scholar
• Klein J. R., Perlzweig W. A., Handler P. Determination of nicotinic acid in blood cells and plasma. J. Biol. Chem. 1942; 145: 27
   Google Scholar
• Burch H. B., Storvick C. A., Bicknell L., Kung H. C., Alejo L. G., Everhart W. A., Lowry O. H., King C. G., Bessey O. A. Metabolic studies of precursors of pyridine nucleotides. J. Biol. Chem. 1955; 212: 897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter C. W., O'Brien J. R. P. The nicotinic acid content of blood in health and disease. Q. J. Med. 1945; 14: 197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vivian V. M., Chaloupka M. M., Reynolds M. S. Some aspects of tryptophan metabolism in human subjects. I. Nitrogen balances, blood pyridine nucleotides and urinary excretion of N'-methylnicotinamide and N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide on a low-niacin diet. J. Nutr. 1958; 66: 587
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raghuramula N., Srikantia S. G., Narasinga Rao B. S., Gopalan C. Nicotinamide nucleotides in the erythrocytes of patients suffering from pellagra. Biochem. J. 1965; 96: 837
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Srikantia S. G., Narasinga Rao B. S., Raghuramulu N., Gopalan C. Pattern of nicotinamide nucleotides in the erythrocytes of pellagrins. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Assessment of nutritional status: Biochemical Methods. Nutrition, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. III: 265
   Google Scholar
• Harper A. E., Punekar B. D., Elvehjem C. A. The effect of alkali treatment on the availability of niacin and amino acids in maize. J. Nutr. 1958; 66: 163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du Plessis J. P., Wittmann W., Louw M. E. J., Nel A. The clinical and biochemical effects of riboflavin and nicotinamide supplementation upon Bantu school children using maize meal as carrier medium. S. Afr. Med. J. 1971; 45: 530
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tabaqchali S., Pallis C. Reversible nicotinamide-deficiency encephalopathy in a patient with jejunal diverticulosis. Gut 1970; 11: 1024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A. Niacin: Antipellagra factor, hypocholesterolemic agent. J.A.M.A. 1965; 194: 167
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A. The B vitamins: Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. Nutrition, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. II: 109
   Google Scholar
• Lojkin M. E., Wertz A. W., Dietz C. G. Metabolism of nicotinic acid in pregnancy. J. Nutr. 1952; 46: 335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price J. M. The determination of N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide in human urine. J. Biol. Chem. 1954; 211: 117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huff J. W., Perlzweig W. A. The fluorescent condensation produc of N'-methylnicotinamide and acetone. II. A sensitive method for the determination of N'-methylnicotinamide in urine. J. Biol. Chem. 1947; 167: 157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pertzweig W. A., Rosen F., Pearson P. B. Comparative studies in niacin metabolism. The fate of niacin in man, rat, dog, pig, rabbit, guinea pig, goat, sheep and calf. J. Nutr. 1950; 40: 453
   Google Scholar
• Vivian V. M., Reynolds M. S., Price J. M. Use of ion-exchange resins for the determination of N'-methylnicotinamide in human urine. Anal. Biochem. 1965; 10: 274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Fat-Soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1969; 293
   Google Scholar
• Gordon H. H., Nitowsky H. M., Comblath M. Studies of tocopherol deficiency in infants and children. I. Hemolysis of erythrocytes in hydrogen peroxide. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1955; 90: 669
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nitowsky H. M., Hsu K. S., Gordon H. H. Vitamin E requirements of human infants. Vitam. Horm. 1962; 20: 559
   Google Scholar
• Binder H. J., Herting D. C., Hurst V., Finch S. C., Spiro H. M. Tocopherol deficiency in man. N. Engl. J. Med. 1965; 273: 1289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• György P., Cogan G., Rose C. S. Availability of vitamin E in the newborn infant. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1952; 81: 536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon H. H., Nitowsky H. M., Tildon H. M., Levin S. Studies of tocopherol deficiency in infants and children. Pediatrics 1958; 21: 673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majaj A. S., Dinning J. S., Azzam S. A., Darby W. J. Vitamin E responsive megaloblastic anemia in infants with protein-calorie malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asfour R. Y., Firzli S. Hematologic studies in undernourished children with low serum vitamin E levels. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 158
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Bailey P. Cerebellar pathology in an infant resembling chick nutritional encephalomalacia, A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. 1959; 1: 312
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hassan H., Hashim S. A., Van Itallie B., Sebrell W. H. Syndrome in premature infants associated with low plasma vitamin E levels and high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siber R., Kayden H. J. Vitamin E deficiency and autohemolysis in acanthocytosis. Blood 1965; 26: 895
   Google Scholar
• Kayden H. J., Silber R. The role of vitamin E deficiency in the abnormal autohemolysis of acanthocytosis. Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians Phila 1965; 78: 334
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darby W. J., Cherrington M. E., Ruffin J. M. Plasma tocopherol levels in sprue. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1946; 63: 310
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dayton S., Hashimoto S., Rosenblum D., Pearce M. L. Vitamin E status of humans during prolonged feeding of unsaturated fats. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1965; 65: 739
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K. Interrelations between vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids in adult men. Vitam. Horm. 1962; 20: 541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashim S. A., Schuttringer G. R. Rapid determination of tocopherol in macro- and microquantities of plasma. Results obtained in various nutrition and metabolic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herting D. C. Perspective on vitamin E. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 210
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris P. L., Embree N. D. Quantitative consideration of the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the diet upon the requirements for vitamin E. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 13: 385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imaichi K. K., Cox S., Kinsell L. W., Schelstraete M., Otcott H. S. Tocopherol content of human adipose tissue. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 347
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris P. L., Hardenbrook E. G., Dean F. P., Cusack E. R., Jensen J. L. Blood tocopherol values in normal human adults and incidence of vitamin E deficiency. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1961; 107: 381
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herting D. C., Drury E. J. E. Plasma tocopherol levels in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melhorn D. K., Gross S. Vitamin E-dependent anemia in the premature infant. I. Effects of large doses of medicinal iron. J. Pediatr. 1971; 79: 569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melhorn D. K., Gross S. Vitamin E-dependent anemia in the premature infant. II. Relationship between gestational age and absorption of vitamin E. J. Pediatr. 1971; 79: 581
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oski F. A., Barness L. A. Vitamin E deficiency: A previously unrecognized cause of hemolytic anemia in the premature infant. J. Pediatr. 1967; 70: 211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie J. H., Fish M. B., McMasters V., Grossman M. Edema and hemolytic anemia in premature infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 1969; 27: 1185
   Google Scholar
• Nitowsky H. M., Comblath M., Gordon H. H. Studies of tocopherol deficiency in infants and children. II. Plasma tocopherol and erythrocyte hemolysis in hydrogen peroxide. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1956; 92: 164
   Google Scholar
• Rose C. S., György P. Specificity of hemolytic reaction in vitamin E deficient erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 1952; 168: 414
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. Union of Bunna Nutrition Survey Report. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. May, 1963; 171
   Google Scholar
• Binder H. J., Spiro H. M. Tocopherol deficiency in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 594
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Majaj A. S. Vitamin E-responsive macrocytic anemia in protein-calorie malnutrition. Measurements of vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin B12 and iron. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulloch J. A., Sood N. K. Vitamin deficiency in Uganda. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 384
   Google Scholar
• Oski F. A., Barness L. A. Hemolytic anemia in vitamin E deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K. Vitamin E and lipid metabolism in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1960; 8: 451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Harvey C. C., Duncan G. D., Wilson W. C. Effects of limited tocopherol intake in man with relationship to erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid oxidations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1956; 4: 408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon H. H., DeMetry J. P. Hemolysis in hydrogen peroxide of erythrocytes of premature infants. Effects of alpha-tocopherol. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1952; 79: 446
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darby W. J., Ferguson M. E., Furman R. H., Lemley J. M., Ball C. T., Meneely G. R. Plasma tocopherols in health and disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1949; 52: 328
   Google Scholar
• Rahman M. M., Hossain S., Talukdar S. A., Ahmad K., Bieri J. G. Serum vitamin E levels in the rural population of East Pakistan. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1964; 117: 113
   Google Scholar
• Higashi O., Fujiwara T. Vitamin E deficiency in a child with intestinal lymphangiectasia. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1970; 102: 169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nitowsky H. M., Gordon H. H., Tildon J. T. Studies of tocopherol deficiency in infants and children. IV. The effect of alpha tocopherol on creatinuria in patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and biliary atresia. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1956; 98: 361
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molenaar I., Hommes F. A., Bramms W. G., Polman H. A. Effect of vitamin E on membranes of the intestinal cell. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1968; 61: 982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• György P., Rose C. S. Tocopherol and hemolysis in vivo and in vitro. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1949; 52: 231
   Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K. Vitamin E in human nutrition - an interpretative review. Borden's Rev. Nutr. Res. 1961; 22: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Harvey C. C., Century B., Witting L. A. Polyunsaturated lipids and tocopherol requirements. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1961; 38: 231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Century B., Zeman A. A. Erythrocyte survival time and reticulocyte levels after tocopherol depletion in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1963; 12: 99
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mackenzie J. B. Relation between serum tocopherol and hemolysis in hydrogen peroxide of erythrocytes in premature infants. Pediatrics 1954; 13: 346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Teets L., Belavady B., Andrews E. L. Serum vitamin E levels in a normal adult population in the Washington, D.C. area. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1964; 117: 133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman L., Weiss W., Wherry F., Klive O. L. Bioassay of vitamin E by the dialuric acid hemolysis test. J. Nutr. 1958; 65: 143
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Poukka R. K. H. In vitro hemolysis as related to rat erythrocyte content of a-tocopherol and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Nutr. 1970; 100: 557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper H. H., Csallany A. S. A simplified hemolysis test for vitamin E deficiency. J. Nutr. 1969; 98: 390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canham J. E. U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80240, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Brin M. Hoffmann-La Roche. Nutley, New Jersey, personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Stadin R. Blood-cell fragility measurement. Medical Electronics and Data. Jan-Feb, 1970; 89
   Google Scholar
• Bliss C. I., György P. VII. Bioassays of vitamin E. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VI: 306
   Google Scholar
• Bunnell R. H. Vitamin E assay by chemical methods. The Vitamins, 2nd, P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VI: 261
   Google Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Poukka R. K. H., Prival E. L. Determination of a-tocopherol in erythrocytes by gas-liquid chromatography. J. Lipid Res. 1970; 11: 118
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bieri J. G. Chromatography of tocopherols. Lipid Chromatographic Analysis, G. V. Marinetti. M. Dekker. Inc., New York 1969; Vol. 2: 459
   Google Scholar
• Emmerie A., Engle C. Colorimetric determination of dl-a-tocopherol (vitamin E). Nature 1938; 142: 873
   Google Scholar
• Quaife M. L., Harris P. L. Chemical estimation of tocopherols in blood plasma. J. Biol. Chem. 1944; 156: 499
   Google Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Poukka R. K. H. Red cell content of vitamin E and fatty acids in normal subjects and patients with abnormal lipid metabolism. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1970; 40: 344
   Google Scholar
• Dodge J. T., Cohen G., Kayden H. J., Phillips G. B. Peroxidative hemolysis of red blood cells from patients with abetalipoproteinemia (acanthocytosis). J. Clin. Invest. 1967; 46: 357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quaife M. L., Scrimshaw N. S., Lowry O. H. Micromethod for assay of total tocopherols in blood serum. J. Biol. Chem. 1949; 18: 1229
   Google Scholar
• Nair P. P., Turner D. A. The application of gas-liquid chromatography to the determination of vitamins E and K. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1963; 40: 353
   Google Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Andrews E. L. The determination of a-tocopherol in animal tissues by gas-liquid chromatography. Iowa State J. Sci. 1963; 38: 3
   Google Scholar
• Sturm P. A., Parkhurst R. M., Skinner W. A. Quantitative determination of individual tocopherols by thin-layer chromatographic separation and spectrophotometry. Anal. Chem. 1966; 38: 1244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabiank J., De Filippi J., Rickards T., Herp A. Micromethod for tocopherol determination in blood serum. Clin. Chem. 1968; 14: 456
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duggan D. E. Spectrofluorometric determination of tocopherols. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1959; 84: 116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herting D. C., Drury E. J. E. Thin-layer chromatography with precoated alumina sheets. II. Application to tocopherols. J. Chromatogr. 1967; 30: 502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen L. G., Warwick W. J. A fluorometric micro-method for serum tocopherol. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 46: 133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayfield R. F., Falk R. H., Barrett J. D. The separation and determination of a-tocopherol and carotenoids in serum and plasma by paper chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1968; 36: 54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsen C. C., Collier H. B. The Protective action of tocopherol against hemolysis of rat erythrocytes by dialuric acid. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 1960; 38: 957
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gross S., Guilford M. V. Vitamin E relationship in premature infants. J. Nutr. 1970; 100: 1099
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMasters V., Lewis J. K., Kinsell L. W., Van Der Veen J., Olcott H. S. Effect of supplementing the diet of man with tocopherol on the tocopherol levels of adipose tissue and plasma. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nair P. P., Kayden H. J. Vitamin E and its role in cellular metabolism. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1972; 203: 3
   Google Scholar
• Younkin S., Oski F. A., Barnes L. A. Mechanism of the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and its reversal with phenols. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMasters V., Howard T., Kinsell L. W., Van Der Veen J., Olcott H. S. Tocopherol storage and depletion in adipose tissue and plasma of normal and diabetic human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis J. S., Pian A. K., Baer M. T., Acosta P. B., Emerson G. A. Effect of long-term ingestion of polyunsaturated fat, age, plasma cholesterol, diabetes mellitus and supplemental tocopherol upon plasma tocopherol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Harvey C. C., Harmon E. M. Lipids, a-tocopherol and erythrocyte hemolysis. Vitam. Horm. 1968; 26: 487
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leonard P. J., Losowsky M. S. Relationship between plasma vitamin E level and peroxide hemolysis test in human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 795
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller D. P. R., Harries J. T. Vitamin E studies in children with malabsorption. Biochem. J. 1969; 112: 28
   Google Scholar
• Bennett M. J., Medwadowski B. F. Vitamin A, vitamin E, and lipids in serum of children with cystic fibrosis or congenital heart defects compared with normal children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 415
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Feingold S., Christakis G., Ziffer H. Vitamins, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in 642 New York City school children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 850
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Desai I. D. Plasma tocopherol levels in normal adults. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1968; 46: 819
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green J. Tocopherols IX. Biochemical systems. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1972; Vol. V: 259
   Google Scholar
• Mason K. E., Homitt M. K. Tocopherols XI. Effects of deficiency in man. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1972; Vol. V: 293
   Google Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 1968, 7th ed. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1964, Publ.
   Google Scholar
• Arnstein A. R., Framne R., Frost H. M. Recent progress in osteomalacia and rickets. Ann. Int. Med. 1967; 67: 1296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffenberg F. H., Black E. Calcium kinetics in vitamin D deficiency rickets. Metabolism 1965; 14: 1101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kodicek E., Lawson D. E. M. Vitamin D. The Vitamins, 2nd, P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VI: 211
   Google Scholar
• Thomas W. C., Jr., Morgan H. G., Connor T. B., Haddock L., Bills C. E., Howard J. E. Studies of antiricketic activity in sera from patients with disorders of calcium metabolism and preliminary observations on the mode of transport of vitamin D in human serum. J. Clin. Invest. 1959; 38: 1078
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Fat-Soluble Vitamins, H. F. DeLuca, J. W. Suttie. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970
   Google Scholar
• Yendt E. R., DeLuca H. F., Garcia D. A., Cohanim M. Clinical aspects of vitamin D. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins, H. F. De Luca, J. W. Suttie. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1970; 125
   Google Scholar
• Bessey O. A. Methods for Evaluation of Nutritional Adequacy and Status. Quartermaster Food and Container Institute for the Armed Forces, Chicago, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1954; 59
   Google Scholar
• Wootton I. D. P. Micro-Analyses in Medical Biochemistry, 4th ed., E. J. King. Grune and Stratton, New York and London 1964
   Google Scholar
• Bessey O. A., Lowry O. H., Brock M. J. A method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphatase with five cubic millimeters of serum. J. Biol. Chem. 1946; 164: 321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman W. S. The Biochemistry of Clinical Medicine, 4th ed. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago 1970; 609
   Google Scholar
• Dean R. F. A., Schwartz R. The serum chemistry in uncomplicated kwashiorkor. Br. J. Nutr. 1953; 7: 131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrimshaw N. S., Behar M., Arroyave G., Viteri F., Tejada C. Characteristics of kwashiorkor (Sindrome pluricarencial de la infancia). Fed. Proc. 1956; 15: 977
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mannheimer E. Programs for combating malnutrition in the pre-school child in Ethiopia. Pre-School Child Malnutrition: Primary Deterrent to Human Progress. National Academy of Sciences Publication No. 1282, Washington, D.C. 1966
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A. Nutritional Diagnosis. Thomas Publishers, Springfield, III 1959
   Google Scholar
• Woodhouse N. J. Y., Doyle F. H., Joplin G. F. Vitamin-D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism. Lancet 1971; 2: 283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jelliffe D. B. An epiphysometer and the community diagnosis of nutritional rickets. Lancet 1971; 2: 549
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson B. D., Walker A. R. P. An epiphysometer and the community diagnosis of nutritional rickets. Lancet 1971; 2: 1266
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guzman M. A., Arroyave G., Scrimshaw N. S. Serum ascorbic acid, riboflavin, carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E and alkaline phosphatase values in Central American school children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1961; 9: 164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark L. C., Beck E. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, I. Normative data for growing children. J. Pediatr. 1950; 36: 335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nordin B. E. C., Smith D. A. Pathogenesis and treatment of osteomalacia. L'Osteomalacie, D. J. Hioco. Masson and Cie, Paris 1967; 379
   Google Scholar
• Behar M., Arroyave G., Flores M., Scrimshaw N. S. The nutritional status of children of pre-school age in the Guatemalan community of Amatitlan. II. Comparison of dietary, clinical and biochemical findings. Br. J. Nutr. 1960; 14: 217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgenstern S., Kessler G., Auerback J., Flor R. V., Klein B. An automated p-nitrophenylphosphate serum alkaline phosphatase procedure for the AutoAnalyzer. Clin. Chem. 1965; 11: 876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Technicon AutoAnalyzer Methodology: Alkaline phosphatase, Method file No. N-6b I/II. Technicon Corp., Tarrytown 1969
   Google Scholar
• Teotia S. P. S., Teotia M. Antirachitic activity in sera of patients with vitamin-D deficiency rickets. Indian J. Pediatr. 1971; 38: 213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joplin G. F., Robinson C. J., Melvin K. E. W., Thompson G. R., Fraser R. L'Osteomalacie, D. J. Hioco. Masson and Cie, Paris 1967; 249
   Google Scholar
• Reiner M., Nadarajah A., Leese B., Gale G. F. Measurement of calcium absorption by a double isotope method in patients with disorders of calcium metabolism. Calcif. Tissue Res. Suppl. 1970; 4: 95
   Google Scholar
• Ball J. A simple method of defining osteoid in undecalcified sections. J. Clin. Pathol. 1957; 10: 281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson G. R. Vitamin D deficiency after gastrectomy. Sci. Basis Med. Annu. Rev. 1970; 260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berthaux P., Laurent M., Beck H. Fréquence et causes de l'hypovitaminose D chez les personnes agrées a l'Hospice. J. Int. Vitaminol. 1970; 40: 489
   Google Scholar
• Stephen J. M. L., Stephenson P. Alkaline phosphatase in normal infants. Arch. Dis. Child. 1971; 46: 185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arneil G. C., Crosbie J. C. Infantile rickets returns to Glasgow. Lancet 1963; 2: 423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRneil G. C., Killigin H. R., Lobo E. Mainutrition in Glasgow children. Scott. Med. J. 1965; 10: 480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lapatsanis P., Deliyanni V., Doxiadis S. Vitamin D deficiency rickets in Greece. J. Pediatr. 1968; 73: 195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards I. D. G., Hamilton F. M. W., Taylor E. C., Sweet E. M., Bremner E., Price H. A search for sub-clinical rickets in Glasgow children. Scott. Med. J. 1968; 12: 297
   Google Scholar
• Richards I. D. G., Sweet E. M., Arneil G. C. Infantile rickets persists in Glasgow. Lancet 1968; 1: 803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon. Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia in adults. Lancet 1971; 1: 1343
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnaud C., Maijer R., Reade T., Scriver C. R., Whelan D. T. Vitamin D dependency: An inherited postnatal syndrome with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Pediatrics 1970; 46: 871
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Condon J. R., Nassim J. R., Rutter A. Pathogenesis of rickets and osteomalacia in familial hypophosphataemia. Arch. Dis. Child. 1971; 46: 269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent C. E., Smith R. Nutritional osteomalcia. Q. J. Med. 1969; NS38: 195
   Google Scholar
• Fischer J. A., Binswanger U., Schenk R. K., Merz W. Histological observations on bone in intestinal malabsorption and vitamin D deficiency. Horm. Metab. Res. 1970; 2: 110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kind P. R. N., King E. J. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolyzed phenol with aminoantipyrine. J. Clin. Pathol. 1954; 7: 322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittle H., Neale G., McLaughlin M., Peters T. J., Blair A., Thalassinos N., Marsh M. N., Wedzicha B., Thompson G. R. Intravenous vitamin D in the detection of vitamin-D deficiency. Lancet 1972; 1: 747
   Google Scholar
• Roy A. V. Rapid method for determining alkaline phosphatase activity in serum with thymolphthalein monophosphate. Clin. Chem. 1970; 16: 431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonxis J. H. P. Some investigations on rickets. J. Pediatr. 1961; 59: 607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doyle F. H. Some quantitative radiological observations in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Br. J. Radiol. 1966; 39: 161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Luca H. F. Vitamin D group. IX. Biochemical systems. The Vitamins, 2nd, W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. W. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1971; Vol. III: 240
   Google Scholar
• Kramer B., Gribetz D. Vitamin D group. IX. Deficiency effects in humans. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1971; Vol. III: 259
   Google Scholar
• Howard J. E., Thomas W. C., Jr., Barker L. M., Smith L. H., Wadkins C. L. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1967; 120: 119
   Google Scholar
• Owen C. A., Jr., Bowie E. J. W., Didisheim P., Thompson J. H., Jr. The Diagnosis of Bleeding Disorders. Little, Brown and Co., Boston 1969
   Google Scholar
• Vitamin K group. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1971; Vol. III: 416
   Google Scholar
• Symposium on hemorrhagic disorders. The Medical Clinics of North America, E. C. Rossi. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia 1972; Vol. 56
   Google Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th ed. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publication No. 1694, Washington, D.C. 1968
   Google Scholar
• Frick P. G., Riedler G., Brögli H. Dose response and minimal daily requirement for vitamin K in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 1967; 23: 387
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 1971; 48: 483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Blood Coagulation, Biochemistry, Clinical Investigation and Therapy, H. C. Hemker, E. A. Loeliger, J. J. Veltkamp. Springer-Verlag New York Inc., New York 1969
   Google Scholar
• Quick A. J. Bleeding Problems in Clinical Medicine. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia 1970
   Google Scholar
• Recent Advances in Blood Coagulation, L. Poller. J. and A. Churchill Ltd., London 1969
   Google Scholar
• Konttinen Y. P. Fibrinolysis: Chemistry, Physiology, Pathology and Clinics. Oy STAR ab., Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, Tampere, Finland 1968
   Google Scholar
• MacFarlane R. G. An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism and its function as a biochemical amplifier. Nature (Lond.) 1964; 202: 498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davie E. W., Ratnoff O. D. Waterfall sequence for intrinsic blood clotting. Science 1964; 145: 1310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seegers W. H. Basic enzymology of blood coagulation. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 1965; 14: 213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McFarlane R. G. The basis of the cascade hypothesis of blood clotting. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 1966; 15: 591
   Google Scholar
• Bennett B., Ratnoff O. D. The normal coagulation mechanism. Symposium on Hemorrhagic Disorders. The Medical Clinics of North America, E. C. Rossi. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia 1972; Vol. 56: 95
   Google Scholar
• Didisheim P. Screening tests for bleeding disorders. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1967; 47: 622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quick A. J. Determination of prothrombin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1939; 42: 788
   Google Scholar
• Hjort P., Rapaport S., Owren P. A. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1955; 46: 89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quick A. J. Hemorrhagic Diseases and Thrombosis, 3rd ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1964
   Google Scholar
• Alexander B., Goldstein R., Landwehr G. The labile factor of prothrombin conversion: Its consumption under normal and pathological conditions affecting blood coagulation. J. Clin. Invest 1951; 30: 252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander B., Goldstein R., Landwehr G. The prothrombin conversion accelerator of serum (SPCA): Its partial purification and its properties compared with serum AC-globulin. J. Clin. Invest. 1950; 29: 881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frommeyer W. B. Determination of prothrombin by the dilution method and activity of human and bovine prothrombin-free plasma. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1949; 34: 1356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owren P. A. Thrombotest. A new method for controlling anti-coagulant therapy. Lancet 1959; 2: 754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoshkes M., Odze M. Circulation 1963; 28: 58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander B., Wessler S. A guide to anticoagulant therapy. Circulation 1961; 24: 123
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander B. Thrombin and precursors. 1. Estimation of plasma prothrombin by one-stage method. Coagulation of Blood: Methods of Study, I. M. Tocantins. Grune and Stratton, New York 1955; 89
   Google Scholar
• Smith H. P., Warner E. D., Brinkhous K. M. Prothrombin deficiency and the bleeding tendency in liver injury. J. Exp. Med. 1937; 66: 801
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart J. D., Rourke G. M. Prothrombin and vitamin K therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1939; 221: 403
   Google Scholar
• Warner E. D., Brinkhous K. M., Smith H. P. Quantitative study on blood clotting. Am. J. Physiol. 1936; 114: 667
   Google Scholar
• Herbert F. K. The estimation of prothrombin in human plasma. Biochem. J. 1940; 34: 1554
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith H. P., Ziffren S. E., Owen C. A., Hoffman G. R. Clinical and experimental studies on vitamin K. J.A.M.A. 1939; 113: 380
   Google Scholar
• Ziffren S. E., Owen C. A., Hoffman G. R., Smith H. P. Control of vitamin K therapy. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1939; 40: 595
   Google Scholar
• Hemker H. C., Muller A. D., Loeliger E. A. Two types of prothrombin in vitamin K deficiency. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 1970; 23: 633
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hazell K., Baloch K. H. Vitamin K deficiency in the elderly. Gerontol. Clin. 1970; 12: 10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beller F. K., Porges R. F. Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic enzyme studies during cyclic and continuous application of progestational agents. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1967; 97: 448
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacFarlane R. G. Disease of the blood. Biochemical Disorders in Human Disease, R. H. S. Thompson, E. J. King. Academic Press, New York 1964; 190
   Google Scholar
• Sauberlich H. E. Pantothenic acid. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 5th ed., R. S. Goodhart, M. E. Shils. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1972
   Google Scholar
• Makila E. The vitamin status of elderly denture wearers. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1970; 40: 81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karrey E., Crispin S., Fox H. M., Kies C. Nutritional status of preschool children. I. Dietary and biochemical findings. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1274
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leevy C. M., Baker H., ten Hove W., Frank O., Cherrick G. R. B-complex vitamins in liver disease of the alcoholic. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 16: 339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Bean W. B., Ohlson M. A., Bleiler R. Human pantothenic acid deficiency produced by omega-methyl pantothenic acid. J. Clin. Invest. 1959; 38: 1421
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Bean W. B., Ohlson M. A., Bleiler R. Factors affecting human antibody response. III. Immunologic response of men deficient in pantothenic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Bean W. B., Ohlson M. A., Bleiler R. Factors affecting human antibody response. V. Combined deficiencies of pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Ohlson M. A., Bean W. B. Pantothenic acid deficiency in man. J. Clin. Invest. 1958; 37: 1642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt V. The excretion of pantothenic acid in young and other individuals. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1949–51; 21: 257
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt V. The excretion of pantothenic acid in young and other individuals. J. Gerontol. 1951; 6: 132
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox H. M., Linkawiler H., Geschwender D. Effect of altering the pantothenic acid intake on the urinary excretion of this vitamin. Fed. Proc. 1968; 18: 2068
   Google Scholar
• Fox H. M., Linkswiler H. Pantothenic acid excretion on three levels of intake. J. Nutr. 1961; 75: 451
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox H. M., Lee S., Chen C. S. L. Response to alterations in pantothenic acid content of the diet. Fed. Proc. Abstr. 1964; 23, Abs
   Google Scholar
• Denko C. W., Grundy W. E., Porter J. W., Berryman G. H., Friedemann T. E., Youmans J. B. The excretion of B-complex vitamins in the urine and feces of seven normal adults. Arch. Biochem. 1946; 10: 33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Denko C. W., Grundy W. E., Wheeler N. C., Henderson C. R., Berryman G. H., Friedemann T. E., Youmans J. B. The excretion of B-complex vitamins by normal adults on a restricted intake. Arch. Biochem. 1946; 11: 109
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon E. S. Pantothenic acid in human nutrition. The Biological Actions of the Vitamins, a Symposium, E. A. Evans. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago 1942; 136
   Google Scholar
• Gardner J., Neal A. L., Peterson W. H., Parsons H. T. Biotin, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin balances of young women on a milk diet. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1943; 19: 683
   Google Scholar
• Oldham H. G., Davis M. V., Roberts L. J. Thiamine excretions and blood levels of young women on diets containing varying levels of the B vitamins, with some observations on niacin and pantothenic acid. J. Nutr. 1946; 32: 163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pace J. K., Stier L. R., Taylor D. D., Goodman P. S. Metabolic patterns in preadolescent children. V. Intake and urinary excretion of pantothenic acid. J. Nutr. 1961; 74: 345
   Google Scholar
• Koyanagi T., Hareyama S., Kiruchi R., Takanohaski T., Oikawa K., Akazawa N. Effect of administration of thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and vitamin A to students on their pantothenic acid contents in serum and urine. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1969; 98: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohenour S. H., Calloway D. H. Blood, urine, and dietary pantothenic acid levels of pregnant teenagers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 512
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hatano M. Microbiological assay of pantothenic acid in blood and urine. J. Vitaminol. 1962; 8: 134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishiguro K., Kobayashi S., Kaneta S. Pantothenic acid content of human blood. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1961; 74: 65
   Google Scholar
• Bird O. D., Thompson R. Q. Pantothenic acid. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VII: 209
   Google Scholar
• Barton-Wright E. C., Elliot W. A. The pantothenic acid metabolism of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1963; 2: 862
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O. Clinical Vitaminology. Interscience Publishers, New York 1968
   Google Scholar
• Denko C. W., Grundy W. E., Porter J. W. Blood levels in normal adults on a restricted dietary intake of B-complex vitamins and tryptophan. Arch. Biochem. 1947; 13: 481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koyanagi T., Hareyama S., Kikuchi R., Kimura T. Effect of diet on the pantothenic acid content of serum and on the incidence of hypertension among villagers. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1966; 88: 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishiguro K. Blood pantothenic acid content of pregnant women. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1962; 78: 7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellestad J. J., Nelson R. A., Adson M. A., Palmer W. M. Pantothenic acid and coenzyme A activity in blood and colinic mucosa from patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. Fed. Proc. 1970; 29: 820, Abs
   Google Scholar
• Spies T. D., Stanbery S. R., Williams R. J., Jukes T. H., Babcock S. H. Pantothenic acid in human nutrition. J.A.M.A. 1940; 115: 523
   Google Scholar
• Krahnke H., Gordon E. S. Pantothenic acid in human nutrition. J.A.M.A. 1941; 116: 2431
   Google Scholar
• Novelli G. D. Methods for determination of coenzyme A. Methods of Biochemical Analysis, D. Glick. Interscience Publishers, New York 1955; Vol. II: 194
   Google Scholar
• Wright L. D., Wright E. Q. Urinary excretion of pantothenic acid by normal individuals. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1942; 49: 80
   Google Scholar
• Gershberg H., Rubin S. H., Ralli E. P. Urinary pantothenate, blood glucose and inorganic serum phosphate in patients with metabolic disorders treated with doses of pantothenate. J. Nutr. 1949; 39: 107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• langer B. W., Jr., György P. Biotin IX. Biochemical systems. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1968; Vol. II: 322
   Google Scholar
• Sydenstricker V. P., Singl S. A., Briggs A. P., DeVaughn N. M., Isbell H. Observations on the ‘egg white injury’ in man and its cure with a biotin concentrate. J.A.M.A. 1942; 118: 1199
   Google Scholar
• Williams R. H. Clinical biotin deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 1943; 288: 247
   Google Scholar
• György P., Langer B. W., Jr. Biotin XI. Deficiency effects in and requirements of man. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1968; Vol. II: 347
   Google Scholar
• Baugh C. M., Malone J. H., Butterworth C. E., Jr. Human biotin deficiency: A case history of biotin deficiency induced by raw egg consumption in a cirrhotic patient. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 173
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berger H. Urinary excretion of biotin in children with and without pathological skin conditions, with special reference to the relations of seborrhoeic dermatitis and eczema. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1950; 22: 190
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Denko C. W., Grundy W. E., Porter J. W., Berryman G. H., Friedemann T. E., Youmans J. B. Excretion of B-complex vitamins in the urine and feces of seven normal adults. Arch. Biochem. 1946; 10: 33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner J., Neal A. L., Peterson W. H., Parsons H. T. Biotin, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin balances of young women on a milk diet. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1943; 19: 683
   Google Scholar
• Jensen T. The excretion of biotin in the urine of psoriasis patients. Acta Derm. Venereol. 1948; 28: 468
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Denko C. W., Grundy W. E., Porter J. W. Blood levels in normal adults on restricted dietary intakes of B-complex vitamins and tryptophan. Arch. Biochem. 1947; 13: 481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nisenson A., Sherwin L. Normal serum biotin levels in infants and adults: A modified assay method. J. Pediatr. 1966; 69: 134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• György P. Biotin. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., P. György, W. N. Pearson. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. VII: 303
   Google Scholar
• Baker H., Frank O., Matovitch V. B., Pasher I., Aaronson S., Hunter S. H., Sobotka H. A new assay method for biotin in blood, serum, urine and tissues. Anal. Biochem. 1962; 3: 31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leevy C. M., Cardi L., Frank O., Gellene R., Baker H. Incidence and significance of hypovitaminemia in a randomly selected municipal hospital population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May J. M. Studies in Medical Geography. The Ecology of Malnutrition. Hafner Publishing Co., New York 1961–1972; Vols. 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Nutrition Survey Reports. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, DC, 1957–1972
   Google Scholar
• Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Nutrition (1971) . eighth report, FAO nutrition meetings report series No. 49. 1971. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome
   Google Scholar
• Protein Requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group, FAO nutrition meetings report series No. 37. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome 1965
   Google Scholar
• Jelliffe D. B. The assessment of the nutritional status of the community. W.H.O. Monogr. series No. 53, World Health Organization, Geneva 1966
   Google Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1963; 20402
   Google Scholar
• Nutritional Evaluation of the Population of Central America and Panama: 1965–1967. Report of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama and of the Nutrition Program, Center for Disease Control. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare Publication No. (HSM) 72–8120, 1972
   Google Scholar
• Du Plessis J. P. An Evaluation of Biochemical Criteria for Use in Nutrition Status Surveys. National Nutrition Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report No. 261, PretoriaS. Africa 1967; 11
   Google Scholar
• Reports of the Ten-State Nutrition Survey: 1968–1970. Dept U.S. of Health, Education and Welfare, Health Services and Mental Health Admin., Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 1972
   Google Scholar
• Brown C. B. The incidence of protein-calorie malnutrition of early childhood. Guy's Hosp. Rep. 1971; 120: 129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Assessment of protein nutritional status. A committee report. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Progress in Meeting Protein Needs of Infants and Preschool Children. 1961. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council publication 843, Washington, D.C. 1961
   Google Scholar
• Kevany J. Nutritional problems in Latin America. Proc. Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress Nov. 1965. A.M.A., 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago 60610 1966; 50
   Google Scholar
• Atroyave G. (1966) Biochemical characteristics of malnourished infants and children. Proc. Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress. Nov., 1965. A.M.A., 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago 60610, 30
   Google Scholar
• Rao K., Visweswara Singh D. An evaluation of the relationship between nutritional status and anthropometric measurements. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez F., Galvan R. R., Cravioto J., Frenk S. Malnutrition in infancy and childhood with special reference to kwashiorkor. Adv. Paedriatr. 1955; 7: 131
   Google Scholar
• Arroyave G. The estimation of relative nutrient intake and nutritional status by biochemical methods: proteins. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 447
   Google Scholar
• Pearson W. N. Assessment of nutritional status: biochemical methods. Nutrition: A Comprehensive Treatise, G. H. Beaton, E. W. McHenry. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. III: 265
   Google Scholar
• Expert Committee on Medical Assessment of Nutritional Status. World Health Organization technical report series No. 258, World Health Organization, Geneva 1963
   Google Scholar
• Krehl W. A., Hodges R. E. The interpretation of nutrition survey data. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bronte-Stewart B., Antonis A., Rose-Innes C., Moodie A. D. An interracial study on the serum protein pattern of adult men in Southern Africa. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1961; 9: 596
   Google Scholar
• Schofield F. D. The serum protein pattern of West Africans in Britain. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1957; 51: 332
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schendel H. E., Hansen J. D. L., Brock J. F. A comparative study of biochemical indices used in evaluating dietary protein in young children. S. Afr. Med. J. 1960; 34: 791
   Google Scholar
• Brock J. F. Dietary proteins in relation to man's health. Fed. Proc., Suppl. 1961; 7(20)61
   Google Scholar
• Darby W. J., et al. The Vanderbilt cooperative study of maternal and infant nutrition. IV. Dietary, laboratory and physical findings in 2,129 delivered pregnancies. J. Nutr. 1953; 51: 565
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Platt B. S. Malnutrition and the pathogenesis of disease. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1958; 52: 189
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakker A. W. I., Bilek A., Luyken R. The serum proteins of malaria-free inhabitants of Central Netherlands, New Guinea. Trop. Geogr. Med. 1957; 9: 1
   Google Scholar
• Joubert S. M., Hookins K. W., Hunter W. G. A comparative study of serum protein moieties in European, African and Indian adult populations of Durban. S. Afr. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1959; 5: 1
   Google Scholar
• Luyken R. Specific nutritional and informational problems in tropical countries. Voeding 1963; 24: 280
   Google Scholar
• Oberman J. W., Gregory K. O., Burke F. G., Ross S., Rice E. C. Electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins in infants and children. I. Normal values from birth to adolescence. N. Engl. J. Med. 1956; 255: 743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G., Frood J. D. L., Poskitt E. M. E. Value of serum-albumin measurements in nutritional surveys: A reappraisal. Lancet 1971; 2: 287
   Google Scholar
• Coward D. G., Sawyer M. B., Whitehead R. G. Microtechniques for the automated analysis of serum total protein and albumin, urinary urea, creatinine, and hydroxyproline for nutrition surveys in developing countries. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 940
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jelliffe D. B., Jelliffe E. F. The arm circumference as a public health index of protein calorie malnutrition of early childhood. J. Trop. Pediatr. 1969; 15: 253
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G. Biochemical tests in differential diagnosis of protein and calories deficiencies. Arch. Dis. Child. 1967; 42: 479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjørnesjo K. B., Belew M., Zaar B. Biochemical study of advanced protein malnutrition in Ethiopia. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1965; 18: 591
   Google Scholar
• Chong Y. H., Ho G. S., DeWitt G. F. An evaluation of a simple refractometric method for determining plasma total proteins. Med. J. Malaya 1968; 23: 115
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S., Kanawat A. A. The epidemiology of protein-calorie malnutrition in Jordan. Part I. Application of a simple scoring system. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1970; 64: 754
   Google Scholar
• Haddad N. E., Harfouche J. K. Serum protein in Lebanese infants. J. Trop. Pediatr. 1971; 17: 91
   Google Scholar
• Bauer S., DeVino T. Normal ranges of pediatric values determined by a survey model SAM 12/60. Adv. in Automated Analyses 1969; 3: 31
   Google Scholar
• Werner M., Tolls R. E., Hultin J. V., Melleker J. Sex and age dependence of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and albumin in a large ambulatory population. Adv. in Automated Analyser 1969; 3: 59
   Google Scholar
• Cutler J. L., Collen M. F., Siegelaub A. B., Feldman R. Normal values for multiphasic screening blood chemistry tests. Adv. in Automated Analyses 1969; 3: 67
   Google Scholar
• Cunnick W. R., Cromic J. B., Beach E. F., Seltzer F., Tobin J., Culberson S. Biochemical profiles in a healthy employee population: distribution of values classified by age and sex. Adv. in Automated Analyses 1969; 3: 85
   Google Scholar
• Craig J. L., Bartholomew M. D. Blood profile ranges by age decades in 7,337 male employees. Adv. in Automated Analyses 1969; 3: 105
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G. Rapid determination of some plasma amino acids in subclinical kwashiorkor. Lancet 1964; 1: 250
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitehead R. G., Dean R. F. A. Serum amino acids in kwashiorkor. II. An abbreviated method of estimation and its application. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 14: 320
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cravioto J. Protein metabolism in chronic infantile malnutrition (kwashiorkor). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1958; 6: 495
   Google Scholar
• Arroyave G., Wilson D., DeFunes C., Behar M. The free amino acids in blood plasma of children with kwashiorkor and marasmus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons W. K. The plasma amino acid ratio as an indicator of the protein nutrition status: A review of recent work. Bull, W.H.O. 1970; 42: 480
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G., Dean R. F. A. Serum amino acids in kwashiorkor. I. Relationship to clinical condition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 14: 313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migasena P., Viseshakul D., Changbumrung S., Harinasuta C. Plasma amino acids in kwashiorkor and marasmus in Thailand. South-East Asia J. Trop. Med. Public Health 1971; 2: 399
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S., Kamel W. W., Ayyoub N. Plasma amino acids and the detection of protein-calorie malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 152
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saunders S. J., Truswell A. S., Hansen J. D. L. Plasma free amino acid pattern in protein-calorie malnutrition. Lancet 1967; 2: 795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyave G. Comparative sensitivity of specific amino acid ratios versus “essential to nonessential” amino acid ratio. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 703
   Google Scholar
• Pereira S. M., Begum A., Sundararj R., Dumm M. E. Effect of dietary protein on serum amino acids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 167
   Google Scholar
• Katz St I. The amino acid ratio and hydroxyproline creatinine index in marginal protein-calorie malnutrition. Trop. Geogr. Med. 1970; 22: 389
   Google Scholar
• Grimble R. F., Whitehead R. G. Fasting serum-amino acid patterns in kwashiorkor and after administration of different levels of protein. Lancet 1970; 1: 918
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Truswell A. S., Wannenburg P., Wittmann W., Hansen J. D. L. Plasma-amino acids in kwashiorkor. Lancet 1966; 1: 1162
   Google Scholar
• Chong Y. H., McKay D. A., Lim R. K. H. Some results of recent nutrition surveys in West Malaysia. Bull. Public Health Soc. 1972; 6: 55
   Google Scholar
• Gurson C. T., Neyzi O., Uzman Y., Saner G. (1967) An evaluation of the plasma amino acid ratio in marasmus. Nutrition and Health Proc. Seventh International Congress of Nutrition, Hamburg, 1966. Pergamon Press, New York, Vol. 1: 112
   Google Scholar
• Rutishauser I. H. E., Whitehead R. G. Field evaluation of two biochemical tests which may reflect nutritional status in three areas of Uganda. Br. J. Nutr. 1969; 23: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bohdal M., Simmons W. K. A comperison of the nutritional indices in healthy African, Asian and European children. Bull. W.H.O. 1969; 40: 166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rtyerah T. R., Pereira S. M., Dumm M. E. Serum amino acids of children on high and low protein intakes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 11
   Google Scholar
• Hin P. S., Rose C. S., Muhilal, Zuraida S. Serum free amino acids in children with protein-calorie deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 1295
   Google Scholar
• Anasuya A., Rao B. S. Narasings, Plasma amino acid pattern in kwashiorkor and marasmus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilla H., Sancher A., Powell R. N., Umezawa C., Swendseid M. E., Prado P. M., Sigala R. Plasma amino acids in children from Guadalajara with kwashiorkor. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegink L. D., Baker G. L. Serum amino acid levels of Northern Alaska Eskimo infants and children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1642
   Google Scholar
• Swendseid M. E., Tuttle S. G., Figueroa W. S., Mulcare D., Clark A. J., Massey F. J. Plasma amino acid levels of men fed diets differing in protein content. Some observations with valine-deficient diets. J. Nutr. 1966; 88: 239
   Google Scholar
• Swendseid M. E., Yamada C., Vinyard E., Figueros W. S. Plasma amino acid levels in young subjects receiving diets containing 14 or 3.5 g nitrogen per day. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1381
   Google Scholar
• Young V. R., Scrimshaw N. S. Endogenous nitrogen metabolism and plasma free amino acids in young adults given a ‘protein-free’ diet. Br. J. Nutr. 1968; 22: 9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyderman S. E., Holt L. E., Jr., Norton P. M., Roitman E., Phansalkar S. V. The plasma aminogram. I. Influence of the level of protein intake and a comparison of whole protein and amino acid diets. Pediatr. Res. 1968; 2: 131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heard C. R. C., Kriegsman S. M., Platt B. S. The interpretation of plasma amino acid ratios in protein-calorie deficiency. Br. J. Nutr. 1969; 23: 203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feigin R. D., Klainer A. S., Beisel W. R. Circadian periodicity of blood amino acids in adult men. Nature 1967; 215: 512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurtman R. J., Rose C. M., Chou C., Larin F. F. Daily rhythms in the concentrations of various amino acids in human plasma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1968; 279: 171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford M. A., Gale M. M., Somers K., Hansen J. L. Studies on plasma amino acids in East African adults in relation to endomyocardial fibrosis. Br. J. Nutr. 1970; 24: 393
   Google Scholar
• Arroyave G., Sandstead H., Schumacher R. Relation of urinary creatinine and vitamins to nutritional status in preschool children. Fed. Proc. 1958; 17: 469
   Google Scholar
• Standard K. L., Wills V. G., Waterlow J. C. Indirect indicators of muscle mass in malnourished infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1959; 7: 271
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arroyave G., Wilson D. Urinary excretion of creatinine of children under different nutritional conditions. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1961; 9: 170
   Google Scholar
• Stearns G., Newman K. J., McKinely J. B., Jeans P. C. The protein requirements of children from one to ten years of age. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1958; 69: 857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alleyne G. A. O., Viteri F., Alvardo J. Indices of body composition in infantile malnutrition: total body potassium and urinary creatinine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 875
   Google Scholar
• Viteri F. E., Alvarado J. The creatinine height index: its use in the estimation of the degree of protein depletion and repletion in protein calorie malnourished children. Pediatrics 1970; 46: 696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mender J., Buskirk E. R. Creatinine-height index. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 385
   Google Scholar
• Viteri F. E., Alvarado J., Alleyne G. A. O. Reply to Drs. Mendez and Buskirk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 386
   Google Scholar
• Viteri F. E. Creatinine-height index in malnourished children. Nutr. Rev. 1972; 30: 24
   Google Scholar
• Anon. Creatinine-height index in malnourished children. Nutr. Rev. 1971; 29: 134
   Google Scholar
• Feigin R. E., Beisel W. R., Wannemacher R. W. Rhythmicity of plasma amino acids and relation to dietary intake. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 25: 329
   Google Scholar
• Davis L. E. Epidemiology of famine in the Nigerian crisis: rapid evaluation of malnutrition by height and arm circumference in large populations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. Hydroxyproline creatinine ratio as an index of nutritional status and rats growth. Lancet 1965; 2: 567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picou D., Alleyne G. A. O., Waterlow J. C., Seakins A. Hydroxyproline and creatinine excretion in protein-depleted infants. Biochem. J. 1965; 95: 18P
   Google Scholar
• Picou D., Alleyne G. A. O., Seakins A. Hydroxyproline and creatinine excretion in infantile protein malnutrition. Clin. Sci. 1965; 29: 517
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anasuya A., Rao, Narasinga B. S. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in kwashiorkor. Indian J. Med. Res. 1966; 54: 849
   Google Scholar
• Prasad L. S., Rahman A. Urinary excretion of hydroxpyroline and creatinine in malnutrition. Indian Pediatrics 1970; 7: 54
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S., Loshkajian H., Kanawati A. A. Urinary creatinine and hydroxyproline in relation to childhood malnutrition. Br. J. Nutr. 1970; 24: 641
   Google Scholar
• Howells G. R., Wharton B. A., McCance R. A. Value of hydroxypyroline indices in malnutrition. Lancet 1067; 1: 1082
   Google Scholar
• Du Plessis J. P., De Lange D. J., Fellingham S. A. Biochemical investigation of the nutrition status of urban school children aged 12–15 years: Protein status. S. Afr. Med. J. 1966; 27: 509
   Google Scholar
• Kanawati A. A., McLaren D. S. Assessment of marginal malnutrition. Nature 1970; 228: 573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cravioto J., De Licardie E. R. The long-term consequences of protein-calorie malnutrition. Nutr. Rev. 1971; 29: 107
   Google Scholar
• McLaren D. S. A fresh look at protein-calorie malnutrition. Lancet 1966; 2: 485
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKay D. A., Lim R. K. H., Notaney K. H., Dugdale A. E. Nutritional assessment by comparative growth achievement in Malay children below school age. Bull. WHO 1971; 45: 233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seoane N., Latham M. C. Nutritional anthropometry in the identification of malnutrition in childhood. J. Trop. Pediatr. 1971; 17: 98
   Google Scholar
• Simmons W. K., Bohdal M. Assessment of some biochemical parameters related to protein-calorie nutrition in children. Bull. WHO 1970; 42: 897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyave G. Proposed methodology for the biochemical evaluation of protein malnutrition in children. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition, A. von Muralt. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York 1969; 48
   Google Scholar
• Prasanna H. A., Desai B. L. M., Rao, Narayana M. Detection of early protein-calorie malnutrition (pre-kwashiorkor) in population groups. Br. J. Nutr. 1971; 26: 71
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G. The assessment of nutritional status in protein-malnourished children. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1969; 28: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watedow J. C. The assessment of protein nutrition and metabolism in the whole animal, with special reference to man. Mammalian Protein Metabolism, H. N. Munro. Academic Press, New York 1969; Vol. III: 325
   Google Scholar
• LeRoy E. C. The technique and significance of hydroxyproline measurement in man. Adv. Clin. Chem. 1967; 10: 213, Academic Press, New York
   Google Scholar
• Jones C. R., Bergman M. W., Kittner P. J., Pigman W. W. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in normal children and adolescents. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1964; 115: 85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smiley J. D., Ziff M. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion and growth. Physiol. Rev. 1964; 44: 30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison D. J., Walker A., Smith Q. T. Urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio of normal humans at various ages. Clin. Chim. Acta 1966; 14: 729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson I. G., Everhard D. W. Serum albumin estimation: modification of the bromcresol green method. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 37: 117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prockop D. J., Udenfriend S. A specific method for the analysis of hydroxyproline in tissues and urine. Anal. Biochem. 1960; 1: 228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivirikko K. I., Laltinen O., Prockop D. J. Modification of a specific assay for hydroxyproline in urine. Anal. Biochem. 1967; 19: 249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosley H. F., Olson K. B., Horton J., Michelsen P., Atkins R. Automated analysis of urinary hydroxyproline for cancer research. Adv. in Automated Amlysis 1969; Vol. I: 105
   Google Scholar
• Goverde B. C., Veenkamp F. J. N. Routine assay of total urinary hydroxyproline based on resin-catalyzed hydrolysis. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 41: 29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rammuthy N. S., Zebrowski E. J., Golub L. M. A modified procedure for determining hydroxyproline in normal and diabetic urine. Biochem. Med. 1971; 5: 555
   Google Scholar
• Anasuya A., Rao, Narasinga B. S. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in kwashiorkor. Lancet 1966; 1: 94
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in kwashiorkor. Lancet 1966; 1: 203
   Google Scholar
• Cabacungan N. B., Miles C. W., Abernathy R. P., Ritchey S. J. Hydroxyproline excretion and nutritional status of children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 173
   Google Scholar
• Lowenstein M. S., Phillips J. P. Evaluation of arm circumference measurement for determining nutritional status of children and its use in an acute epidemic of malnutrition: Owerri, Nigeria, following the Nigerian Civil War. Am, J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 226
   Google Scholar
• Powell R. C., Plough I. C., Baker E. M., III. The use of nitrogen to creatinine ratios in random urine specimens to estimate dietary protein. J. Nutr. 1961; 73: 47
   Google Scholar
• Dubois B., Leegwater D. C., Pikaar N. A., Van Staveren W. Correlation of protein intake and nitrogen and urea in urine. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1970; 29: 53A
   Google Scholar
• Platt B. S., Heard C. R. C. Biochemical evidences of protein malnutrition. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1958; 17: ii
   Google Scholar
• Simmons W. K. Urinary urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio as indicator of recent protein intake in field studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 539
   Google Scholar
• Albanese A. A., Oorto L. A. Urinary excretion of amino acids. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, New York 1967; Vol. III: 1
   Google Scholar
• Dugdale A. E., Edkins E. Urinary urea/creatinine ratio in healthy and malnourished children. Lancet 1964; 1: 1062
   Google Scholar
• Fry P. C., Fox H. M., Fry E. I. Effect of diet on skin-fold measurements and creatinine and urea excretion of Hong Kong Chinese children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 1197
   Google Scholar
• Pollack H. Creatinine excretion as an index for estimating urinary excretion of micronutrients or their metabolic end products. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 865
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arroyave G., Lee M. Variation in urinary excretion of urea and N1-methyl-nicotinamide during the day comparison with fasting levels. Arch. Latinoam Nutr. 1966; 16: 125
   Google Scholar
• Bohdal M., Gibbs N. E., Simmons W. K. Nutrition Survey and Campaign Against Malnutrition in Kenya, 1964–1968. Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya 1968
   Google Scholar
• Schendel H. E., Hansen J. D. L. Daily urinary nitrogen partition and balance in infants with kwashiorkor. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1965; 17: 36
   Google Scholar
• Berry H. K. Plasma amino acids. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, New York 1970; Vol. IV.: 79
   Google Scholar
• Kiriyama S. Biological quality of dietary protein and urinary nitrogen metabolites. Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry, A. A. Albanese. Academic Press, New York 1970; Vol. IV: 37
   Google Scholar
• Coulter J. R, Hann C. S. Gas chromatography of amino acids. New Techniques in Amino Acid, Peptide, and Protein Analysis, A. Niederwieser, G. Pataki. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. Ann Arbor. 1971; 75, 48106
   Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B., Margen S. Morphological changes in human scalp hair during protein deprivation. Science 1970; 157: 438
   Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B. Protein deprivation: comparative response of hair roots, serum protein, and urinary nitrogen. Am J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latham M. C., Velez H. The tensile strength of hair in protein-calorie malnutrition. Nutrition and Health Proc. Seventh International Congress of Nutrition 1966, Hamburg. Pergamon Press, New York 1967; Vol. I: 87
   Google Scholar
• Sims R. T. Hair growth in kwashiorkor. Arch. Dis. Child. 1967; 42: 397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B., Jelliffe E. F. P. Early assessment of malnutrition. Nature 1970; 225: 283
   Google Scholar
• MacVandiviere H., Dale T. A., Driess R. B., Watson K. A. Hair-shaft diameter as an index of protein-calorie malnutrition. Arch. Environ. Health 1971; 23: 61
   Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B., Jelliffe E. F. P., Jelliffe D. B. Assessment of marginal malnutrition. Nature 1972; 235: 112
   Google Scholar
• Nammacher M. A., Bradfield R. B., Arroyave G. Comparing nutritional status methods in a Guatemalan survey. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 871
   Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B. A rapid tissue technique for the field assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B., Cordano A. Hair root changes in Andean Indian children during marasmic kwashiorkor. Lancet 1968; 2: 1169
   Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B., Cordano A., Graham G. G. Hair root adaptation to marasmus in Andean Indian children. Lancet 1969; 2: 1395
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida T., Metcoff J., Frenk S. Reduced pyruvic kinase activity, altered growth patterns of ATP in leukocytes, and protein-calorie malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1968; 21: 162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaki A. H., El Kamnash B., Fayand L., Shehata A. H., Mahmoud S. Serum enzymes in protein malnutrition. Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 1970; 24: 137
   Google Scholar
• Van Reen R., Valyasevi A., Dhanamitta S. Studies of bladder stone disease in Thailand. XII. The effect of methionine and pyridoxine supplements on urinary sulfate. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 940
   Google Scholar
• Alvarado J., Luthringer D. G. Serum immunoglobulins in edematous protein-calorie malnourished children. Clin. Pediatr. 1971; 10: 174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reindorp S., Whitehead R. G. Changes in serum creatinine kinase and other biological measurements associated with musculature in children recovering from kwashiorkor. Br. J. Nutr. 1971; 25: 273
   Google Scholar
• Waterlow J. C., Stephen J. M. L. Enzymes and the assessment of protein nutrition. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1969; 28: 234
   Google Scholar
• Antia A. U., McFarlane H., Soothill J. F. Serum siderophilin in kwashiorkor. Arch. Dis. Child. 1968; 43: 459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane H., Udeozo I. O. K. Immunochemical estimation of some proteins in Nigerian paired maternal and fetal blood. Arch. Dis. Child. 1968; 43: 42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane H., Ogbeide M. I., Reddy S., Adcock K. J., Adeshina H., Gurney J. M., Cooke A., Taylor G. O., Mordie J. A. Biochemical assessment of protei-calorie malnutrition. Lancet 1969; 1: 392
   Google Scholar
• McFarlane H., Reddy S., Adcock K. J., Adeshina H., Cooke A. R., Akene J. Immunity transferrin and survival in kwashiorkor. Br. Med. J. 1970; 4: 268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismadi S. D., Susheels T. P., RaoNarasinga B. S. Usefulness of plasma ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels in the assessment of protein calorie malnutrition among pre-school children. Indian J. Med. Res. 1971; 59: 1581
   Google Scholar
• Brasel J. A. Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (personal communication). Presentation on “Newer enzymatic markers of malnutrition” at the Texas Medical Center's symposium on the Application of Nutrition in the Health Sciences, Houston, Texas, January 12–13, 1973
   Google Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suggested Guidelines for Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Children's Bureau (Revised 1967), U.S. Govt. Printing Office Publ. No. 1967–0–275–984
   Google Scholar
• Scriver C. R., Chow C. L., Lamm P. Plasma amino acids: screening, quantitation, and interpretation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowne R. S., Wharton B. A., McCance R. A. Hydroxyproline indices and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios in older children. Lancet 1969; 1: 395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead R. G., Alleyne G. A. O. Pathophysiological factors of importance in protein-calorie malnutrition. Br. Med. Bull. 1972; 28: 72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabr M., El-Hawary M. F., El-Dali M. Serum transferrin in kwashiorkor. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1971; 74: 216
   Google Scholar
• Young V., Scrimshaw N. S. The nutritional significance of plasma and urinary amino acids. Protein and Amino Acid Functions, E. J. Bigwood. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y. 1972; Vol. 11: 541
   Google Scholar
• Bengos J. M. Outline of WHO and PAG participation in research on protein-calorie malnutrition. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition, A. von Muralt. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York 1969; 10
   Google Scholar
• Aebi H. Enzymes and nutrition. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition, A. von Muralt. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York 1969; 19
   Google Scholar
• Von Muralt A. The discussion. 1. Biochemical tests. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition, A. von Muralt. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York 1969; 111
   Google Scholar
• Simmons W. K. Use of sulfate sulfur/creatinine ratio in field studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26: 72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Technicon Laboratory Method File NO. N-Ic I/II. Urea nitrogen, Technicon Corporation, Tarrytown, N.Y. 1967
   Google Scholar
• Hambidge K. M., Baum J. D. Hair chromium concentration of human newborn and changes during infancy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambidge K. M., Franklin M., Jacobs M. A. Changes in hair chromium concentrations with increasing distances from hair roots. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambidge K. M., Franklin M. L., Jacobs M. A. Hair chromium concentration: effects of sample washing and external environment. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klevay I. M. Hair as a biopsy material. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder H. A., Nason A. P. Trace metals in human hair. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1969; 53: 71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petering H. G., Yeager D. W., Witherup S. O. Trace metal content of hair. I. Zinc and copper content of human hair in relation to age and sex. Arch. Environ. Health 1971; 23: 202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meloche V. W. Flame photometry. Anal. Chem. 1956; 28: 1844
   Google Scholar
• Ramsay J. A., Brown R. H. J., Falloon S. W. H. W. Simultaneous determination of sodium and potassium in small volumes of fluid by flame photometry. J. Exptl. Biol. 1953; 30: 1
   Google Scholar
• Technicon laboratory method file N-20a. Technicon Corp., Ardsley, N.Y. 1963
   Google Scholar
• Kallmann S. The alkali metals. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 1: 301
   Google Scholar
• Frank H. A., Carr M. H. “Normal” serum electrolytes with a note on seasonal and menstrual variation. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957; 49: 246
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Overman R. R., Etteldorf J. N., Bass A. C., Horn G. B. Plasma and erythrocyte chemistry of the normal infant from birth to two years of age. Pediatrics 1951; 7: 565
   Google Scholar
• Technicon laboratory method file N-5b. Technicon Corp., Ardsley, N.Y. 1965
   Google Scholar
• Zall D. M., Fisher D., Gerner M. Q. Photometric determination of chlorides in water. Anal. Chem. 1956; 28: 1665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong G. W., Gill H. H., Rolf R. F. The halogens. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 7: 335
   Google Scholar
• Roe D. A., Miller P. S., Lutwak L. Estimation of sulfur in biological materials by atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 1966; 15: 313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunk R., Moetyn R. A., Hoare H. C. The determination of sulfate by indirect atomic absorption spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 1969; 8: 79
   Google Scholar
• Heinrich B. J., Grimes M. D., Puckett J. E. Sulfur. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 7: 1
   Google Scholar
• Fiske C. H., Subbarow Y. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem. 1925; 66: 375
   Google Scholar
• Lowry O. H., Lopez J. A. The determination of inorganic phosphate in the presence of labile phosphate esters. J. Biol. Chem. 1946; 162: 421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Technicon laboratory method file N-4b. Technicon Corp., Ardsley, N.Y. 1965
   Google Scholar
• Reiman W., III, Beukenkamp J. Phosphorus. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, J. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 5: 317
   Google Scholar
• Kay H. D. The distribution of phosphorus compounds in the blood of certain mammals. J. Physiol. (London) 1928; 65: 374
   Google Scholar
• Oser B. L. Hawk's Physiological Chemistry, 14th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York 1965; 1114
   Google Scholar
• Bartter F. C. Disturbances of phosphorus metabolism. Mineral Metabolism, C. L. Comar, F. Bronner. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. 2: 315, Part A
   Google Scholar
• Clark E. P., Collip J. B. Determination of blood serum calcium. J. Biol. Chem. 1925; 63: 462
   Google Scholar
• Sendroy J., Jr. Determination of serum calcium by precipitation with oxalate. A comparative study of factors affecting the results of several procedures. Note on gasometric determination of oxalic acid and calcium. J. Biol. Chem. 1944; 152: 539
   Google Scholar
• MacIntyre I. The flame-spectrophotometric determination of calcium in biological fluids and an isotopic analysis of the errors in the Kramer-Tisdall procedure. Biochem. J. 1957; 67: 164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler G., Wolfman M. An automated procedure for the simultaneous determination of calcium and phosphorus. Clin. Chem. 1964; 10: 686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Technicon laboratory method file N-3a. Technicon Crop., Ardsley, N.Y. 1965
   Google Scholar
• Zettner A., Seligon D. Application of atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the determination of calcium in serum. Clin. Chem. 1964; 10: 869
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bronner F. Dynamics and function of calcium. Mineral Metabolism, C. L. Comar, F. Bronner. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. 2: 341, Part A
   Google Scholar
• Vallee B. L., Wacker W. E. C., Ulmer D. D. The magnesium-deficiency tetany syndrome in man. N. Engl. J. Med. 1960; 262: 155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shils M. E. Experimental human magnesium depletion. I. Clinical observations and blood chemistry alterations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 133
   Google Scholar
• Wengert G. B., Reigler P. F., Carlson A. M. Magnesium. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 3: 43
   Google Scholar
• Wacker W. E. C., Vallee B. L. Magnesium. Mineral Metabolism, C. L. Comar, F. Bronner. Academic Press, New York 1964; Vol. 2: 483, Part A
   Google Scholar
• McCrudden F. H. Magnesium ammonium phosphate method for magnesium in food, urine, and feces. J. Biol. Chem. 1909; 7: 83
   Google Scholar
• Simonsen D. G., Westover L. M., Wertman M. The determination of serum magnesium by the molybdivanidate method for phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 1947; 169: 39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wacker W. E. C., Vallee B. L. A study of magnesium metabolism in acute renal failure employing a multichannel flame spectrometer. N. Engl. J. Med. 1957; 257: 1254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis J. B. The analysis of biological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Clin. Chem. 1965; 11: 251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart W. K., Hutchinson F., Fleming L. W. The estimation of magnesium in serum and urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1963; 61: 858
   Google Scholar
• Gimblet E. G., Marney A. F., Bonsnes R. W. Determination of calcium and magnesium in serum, urine, diet, and stool by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin. Chem. 1967; 13: 204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad A. S., Halsted J. A., Nadimi M. Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, dwarfism and geophagia. Am. J. Med. 1961; 31: 532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad A. S., Miale A., Jr., Farid Z., Sandstead H. H., Schulert A. R. Zinc metabolism in patients with the syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, and hypogonadism. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1963; 61: 537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanzelmeyer J. H. Zinc. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 3: 95
   Google Scholar
• Hoch F. L., Vallee B. L. Precipitation by trichloroacetic acid as a simplification in the determination of zinc in blood and its components. J. Biol. Chem. 1949; 181: 295
   Google Scholar
• Sprague S., Slavin W. Determination of iron, copper and zinc in blood serum by an atomic absorption method requiring only dilution. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 1965; 4: 228
   Google Scholar
• Parker M. M., Humoller F. L., Mahler D. L. Determination of copper and zinc in biological material. Clin. Chem. 1967; 13: 40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson A. D., Hamlin W. B. Serum copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 1968; 7: 69
   Google Scholar
• Vallee B. L. Biochemistry, physiology and pathology of zinc. Physiol. Rev. 1959; 39: 443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood E. J. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 3rd ed. Academic Press, New York 1971; 208
   Google Scholar
• Briggs M. H., Briggs M., Austin J. Effects of steroid pharmaceuticals on plasma zinc. Nature 1971; 232: 480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vallee B. L., Gibson J. G. 2nd, The zinc content of normal human whole blood, plasma, leucocytes, and erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1948; 176: 445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley B., Johnson S. A., Hackley B., Smith J. C., Jr., Halsted J. A. Zinc content of human platelets. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1968; 128: 265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvehjem C. A. The biological significance of copper and its relation to iron metabolism. Physiol. Rev. 1935; 15: 471
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M. The question of copper deficiency in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordano A., Baerti J. M., Graham G. G. Copper deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics 1964; 34: 324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham G. G., Cordano A. Copper depletion and deficiency in the malnourished infant. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 1969; 124: 139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper W. C. Copper. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving. Interscience Publishers, New York 1961; Vol. 3: 1
   Google Scholar
• Sandell E. B. Colorimetric Determination of Traces of Metals, 2nd ed. Interscience, New York 1950; 300
   Google Scholar
• Dawson J. B., Ellis D. J., Newton-John H. Direct estimation of copper in serum and urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin. Chim. Acta 1968; 21: 33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs M., Austin J., Staniford M. Oral contraceptives and copper metabolism. Nature 1970; 225: 81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokstad E. L. R. The biochemistry of the water soluble vitamins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 1962; 31: 472
   Google Scholar
• North B. B., Leichsenring J. M., Norris L. M. Manganese metabolism in college women. J. Nutr. 1960; 72: 217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richert D. A., Weaterfeld W. W. Isolation and identification of the xanthine oxidase factor as molybdenum. J. Biol. Chem. 1953; 203: 915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sognnaes R. F. Fluoride protection of bones and teeth. Science 1965; 150: 989
   Google Scholar
• Mertz W. Biological role of chromium. Fed. Proc. 1967; 26: 186
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willis J. B. Determination of lead and other heavy metals in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 1962; 34: 612
   Google Scholar
• Slavin W., Sprague S., Rieders F., Cordova V. The determination of certain toxicological trace metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 1964; 4: 7
   Google Scholar
• Mulford C. E. Solvent extraction techniques for a tomic absorption spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 1966; 5: 88
   Google Scholar
• Slavin W. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Interscience Publishers, New York 1968
   Google Scholar
• Hwang J. Y., Ullucci P. A., Smith S. B., Jr., Malenfant A. I. Microdetermination of lead in blood by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1971; 43: 1319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning D. C. Non-flame methods for mercury determination by atomic absorption: A review. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 1970; 9: 97
   Google Scholar
• Briscoe A. M., Ragan C. Effect of magnesium on calcium metabolism in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark I. Importance of dietary Ca:PO4 ratios on skeletal, Ca, Mg, and PO4 metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. 1969; 217: 865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton F. W., Hodgkinson A., Rose G. A. Observations on the relation between calcium and magnesium metabolism in man. Clin. Sci. 1964; 27: 31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemann J., Jr., Lennon E. J., Piering W. R., Prien E. L., Jr., Ricanati E. S. Evidence that glucose ingestion inhibits net renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and magnesium in man. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1970; 75: 578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart E. B., Steenbock H., Waddell J., Elvehjem C. A. Iron in nutrition. VII. Copper as a supplement to iron for hemoglobin building in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 1928; 77: 792
   Google Scholar
• Lee D., Jr., Matrone G. Iron and copper effects on serum cerulophsmin activity of rats with zinc-induced copper deficiency. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1969; 130: 1190
   Google Scholar
• Bradfield R. B., Balley M. A., Margen S. Morphological changes in human scalp hair roots during deprivation of protein. Science 1968; 157: 438
   Google Scholar
• Rook A. Hair color in clinical diagnosis. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 1969; 8: 415
   Google Scholar
• Vandiviere H. M., Dale T. A., Dries R. B., Watson K. A. Hairshaft diameter as an index of protein-calorie malnutrition. Arch. Environ. Health 1971; 23: 61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reinhold J. C., Kfoury G. A., Ghalambor M. A., Jean C. Zinc and copper concentrations in hair of Iranian villagers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strain W. H., Steadmen L. T., Lankau C. A., Berliner W. P., Pories W. J. Analysis of zinc levels in hair for the diagnosis of zinc deficiency in man. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1966; 68: 244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopito L., Byers R. K., Schwachman H. Lead in hair of children with chronic lead poisoning. N. Engl. J. Med. 1967; 276: 949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klevay I. M. Hair as a biopsy material. I. Assessment of zinc nutriture. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klevay I. M. Hair as a biopsy material. II. Assessment of copper nutriture. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bata L. C. Adsorption and elution of trace elements on human hair. Intern. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 1966; 17: 417
   Google Scholar
• Klevay I. M. Hair as a biopsy material. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison W. W., Yurachek J. P., Benson C. A. The determination of trace elements in human hair by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969; 23: 83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeitz L., Lee R., Rothschild E. O. Element analysis in hair by X-ray fluorescence. Anal. Biochem. 1969; 31: 123
   Google Scholar
• Hambidge K. M., Hambidge C., Franklin M. F., Baum D. Zinc deficiency in children manifested by poor appetite and growth, impaired taste acuity, and low hair zinc levels. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 453, abstract
   Google Scholar
• Hambidge K. M., Rodgerson D. O., O'Brien D. Concentration of chromium in the hair of normal children and children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1968; 17: 517
   Google Scholar
• Hambidge K. M., Rodgerson D. Comparison of hair chromium levels of nulliparous and parous women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1969; 103: 320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBean L. D., Mahloudji M., Reinhold J. G., Haistead J. A. Correlation of zinc concentrations in human plasma and hair. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison W. W., Tyree A. B. The determination of trace elements in human fingernails by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin. Chim. Acta 1971; 31: 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellar O. D. Composition of human nail substance. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1970; 23: 1272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin G. M. Copper content of hair and nails of normal individuals and of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration. Nature 1964; 202: 903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallee B. L. Zinc and metalloenzymes. Adv. Protein Chem. 1955; 10: 317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coleman R. F., Cripps F. H., Stimson A., Scott H. D. The determination of trace elements in human hair by neutron activation and the application to forensic science. Atomic Weapons Res. 1967, Establishment Report No. 0–86/66
   Google Scholar
• Livingston D. M., Wacker W. E. C. Trace metal methods for nutritional studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 1082
   Google Scholar
• Wintrobe M. M., Landsberg J. W. A standardized technique for the blood sedimentation test. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1935; 189: 102
   Google Scholar
• Strumia M. M., Sample A. B., Hart E. D. An improved micro hematocrit method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1954; 24: 1016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H. Studies on hemoglobin. J. Biochem. 1922; 2: 173
   Google Scholar
• Drabkin D. L. The standardization of hemoglobin measurement. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1949; 217: 710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson R. E. Improved spectrophotometric procedure for determination of serum iron. Anal. Chem. 1953; 25: 1337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters T., Giovanniello J., Apt L., Ross J. R. A simple improved method for the determination of serum iron. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1956; 48: 280
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forman D. T. Determination of iron in serum using solvent extraction. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1964; 42: 103
   Google Scholar
• Trinder P. The improved determination of iron in serum. J. Clin. Pathol. 1956; 9: 170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callahan R. An improved serum iron measurement with sulfonated hathophenanthroline. Clin. Chem. 1963; 9: 487
   Google Scholar
• Caraway W. T. Macro and micro methods for the determination of serum iron and iron-binding capacity. Clin. Chem. 1963; 9: 188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams H. L., Conrad M. E. A one-tube method for measuring the serum iron concentration and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1966; 67: 171
   Google Scholar
• O'Malley J. A., Hassan A., Shiley J., Traynor H. Simplified determination of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. Clin. Chem. 1970; 16: 92
   Google Scholar
• Persijn T., Van Der Slik W., Riethorst A. Determination of serum iron and latent iron-binding capacity (LIBC). Clin. Chim. Acta 1971; 35: 91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter P. Spectrophotometric determination of serum iron at the submicrogram level with a new reagent (ferrozine). Anal. Biochem. 1971; 40: 450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zak B., Epstein E. Automated determination of serum iron. Clin. Chem. 1965; 11: 6
   Google Scholar
• Kauppinen V., Gref C. G. Automated determination of serum iron. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1967; 20: 24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bide R. W. Some notes on the automated estimation of low levels of iron in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. 1969; 30: 271
   Google Scholar
• Kunesh J. P., Small L. L. Adaption of the Zak-Epstein automated micromethod for serum iron to determine iron-binding capacity and urinary iron. Clin. Chem. 1970; 16: 148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman H. S., Cheek C. S. Simultaneous and completely automated methods for serum iron and iron-binding capacity determinations. Clin. Chim. Acta 1971; 31: 315
   Google Scholar
• Young D. S., Hicks J. M. Method for the automatic determination of serum iron. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 18: 98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke D. D., Nicklas R. A micro modification of the automatic determination of serum iron. Technicon Symposia 1967; 181
   Google Scholar
• Yee H. Y., Zin Z. An autoanalyzer procedure for serum iron and total iron-binding capacity with use of ferrozine. Clin. Chem. 1971; 17: 950
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wise W. R., Skala J. H., Sauberlich H. E. Semiautomated determination of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. U.S. Army Med. Res. and Nutr. Lab. Rep. 1972, June
   Google Scholar
• Zettner M. D., Sylvia L. C., Capacho-Delgado L. The determination of serum iron and iron-binding capacity by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 45: 533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson A. D., Hamlin W. B. A new method for serum iron and total iron-binding capacity by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin. Chem. 1969; 15: 438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brozovich B., Copestake J. Semi-automated micromethod for estimating the unsaturated iron-binding capacity of serum using radioactive iron. J. Clin. Pathol. 1969; 22: 605
   Google Scholar
• Dagg J. H., Goldberg A., Lochhead A. Value of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the diagnosis of latent iron deficiency (sideropenia). Br. J. Haematol. 1966; 12: 326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller S. R., Labbe R. F., Nutter J. A simplified assay for porphyrins in whole blood. Clin. Chem. 1971; 17: 525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. May. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1947; 121
   Google Scholar
• O'Neal R. M., Johnson O. C., Schaefer A. E. Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hünteler L. A., Van Der Slik W., Persijn T. P. Automated determination of serum iron and latent iron-binding capacity by continuous flow analysis without dialysis. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 37: 391
   Google Scholar
• Williams H. L., Conrad M. E. Problems in the measurement of iron binding capacity in serum. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 37: 131
   Google Scholar
• Scientific Tables, 7th ed., K. Diem, C. Lentner. Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basle Switzerland and Ardsley, N.Y. 1970; 617, 10502
   Google Scholar
• McCammon R. W. Human Growth and Development. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill. 1970; 224
   Google Scholar
• England J. M., Walford D. M., Waters D. A. W. Re-assessment of the reliability of the haematocrit. Br. J. Haematol. 1972; 23: 247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutritional Anaemist. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 405, World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1968
   Google Scholar
• Waters A. H. Anemia and normality. Metabolic Adaptation and Nutrition. PAHO Scientific Publication No. 222, Washington, DC 1971; 105, Pan American Health Organization, S25 Twenty-third Street, N. W., 20037
   Google Scholar
• Viteri F. E., De Tuna V., Guzman M. A. Normal haematological values in the Central American population. Br. J. Haematol. 1972; 23: 189
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ten-State Nutrition Survey Reports, I-V. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 1972, 30330
   Google Scholar
• Natwig H., Vellar O. D., Andersen J. Studies on hemoglobin values in Norway. 7. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC values among boys and girls aged 7–20 years in elementary and grammar schools. Acta Med. Scand. 1967; 182: 183
   Google Scholar
• Natvig H., Vellar O. D. Studies on hemoglobin values in adult men and women. Acta Med. Scand. 1967; 182: 193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 1963, Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense
   Google Scholar
• Nutritional Evaluation of the Population of Central America and Panama. Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama and Nutrition Program, Center for Disease Control, DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 72–8120, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 1972
   Google Scholar
• Evaluation Nutricional de la Poblacion de Centro América y Panama. Reports on Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragus, El Salvador, and Panama, Instituto de Nutricion de Centro Amörica y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City GuatemalaCentral America 1969
   Google Scholar
• Smith N. J., Labbe R., Cook J. The use of erythrocyte porphyrin determination of iron deficiency. IX International Congress of Nutrition. Sept. 3–9. Summaria, Mexico City 1972; 123, (abstracts)
   Google Scholar
• McLaren G., Carpenter J., Nino H. RBC protoporphyrin in the detection of iron deficiency. IX International Congress of Nutrition. Sept. 3–9. Summaria, Mexico City 1972; 123, (abstracts)
   Google Scholar
• Searcy R. L. Diagnostic Biochemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York 1969, chap. 58
   Google Scholar
• Acland J. D. The interpretation of the serum protein-bound iodine. J. Clin. Pathol. 1971; 24: 187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zak B., Willard H. H., Myers G. B., Boyle A. J. Chloric acid method for determination of protein-bound iodine. Anal. Chem. 1952; 24: 1345
   Google Scholar
• Benotti J., Benotti N. Protein-bound iodine and total iodine-Zak method modified. Manual for Nutrition Surveys, 2nd ed. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. 1963; 155
   Google Scholar
• Leffler H. H. Determination of protein-bound iodine. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1954; 24: 483
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Neal L. W., Sims E. S. Determination of protein-bound iodine in plasma or serum. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1953; 23: 493
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevens C. O., Levandoski N. Automation of protein-bound iodine determinations. Clin. Chem. 1963; 9: 400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benotti J., Benotti N. Protein-bound iodine, total iodine, and butanol-extractable iodine by partial automation. Clin. Chem. 1963; 9: 408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Technicon N-56 methodology, Protein-bound iodine. Technicon Corp., Tarrytown, New York, Copyright 1969
   Google Scholar
• Stekelenburg Van G. J., Bree P. K., Stam P. J. A micromodification of the flow diagram for the determination of protein-bound iodine with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer system. Biochem. Med. 1970; 3: 431
   Google Scholar
• Sundenman F. W., Jr. Chemical measurements of serum hormonal iodine. CRC Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 1970; 1: 551
   Google Scholar
• Anido G., Jarvis A. Thyroid function tests - the chemical thyroid profile. Am. J. Med. Technol. 1970; 36: 317
   Google Scholar
• Robbins J., Rall J. E. The iodine containing hormones. Hormones in Blood, 2nd ed., C. H. Gray, A. L. Bacharach. Academic Press, London 1967; Vol. 1: 383
   Google Scholar
• Henry R. J. Clinical Chemistry. Harper and Row, New York 1964, Chap. 28
   Google Scholar
• Nelson J. C., Haynes E., Willard R., Kuzma J. The distribution of euthyroid serum protein-bound iodine levels. J.A.M.A. 1971; 216: 1639
   Google Scholar
• Follis R. H., Jr., Vanprapa K., Damrongsakdi D. Studies on iodine nutrition in Thailand. J. Nutr. 1962; 76: 159
   Google Scholar
• Stanbury J. B. Iodine metabolism and physiological aspects of endemic goitre. Bull. W.H.O. 1958; 18: 201
   Google Scholar
• Rall J. E. Recent advances in the diagnosis of the diseases of the thyroid. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969; 25: 339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Webber C. E., Johnstone J. H., Garnett E. S. An improved automatic technic for the in vitro assessment of thyroid status. Clin. Chem. 1969; 15: 219
   Google Scholar
• Lucis O. J., Cummings G. T., Matthews S., Burry C. Laboratory observations of assays of serum thyroxine and protein-bound iodine. J. Nucl. Med. 1969; 10: 160
   Google Scholar
• Delange F., Ermans A. M. Role of a dietary goitrogen in the etiology of endemic goiter on Idjwi Island. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 1354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese H. F. Essential fatty acids. IX. Deficiency effects in human beings. The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1971; Vol. III: 327
   Google Scholar
• Rahm J. J., Holman R. T. Essential fatty acids. X. Requirements of animals and human beings. in The Vitamins, 2nd ed., W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris. Academic Press, New York 1971; Vol. III: 335
   Google Scholar
• Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th revised ed. (publication 1964), National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1968
   Google Scholar
• Söderhielm L., Wiese H. F., Holman R. T. The role of polyunsaturated acids in human nutrition and metabolism. Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1971; Vol. IX: 555
   Google Scholar
• Holman R. T., Caster W. O., Wiese H. F. The essential fatty acid requirement of infants and the assessment of their dietary intake of linoleate by serum fatty acid analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 14: 70
   Google Scholar
• Paulsrud J. R., Pensler L., Whitten C. F., Stewart S., Holman R. T. Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat-free intravenous feeding. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1972; 25: 897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins F. D., Sinclair A. J., Royle J. P., Coats D. A., Maynard A. T., Leonard R. F. Plasma lipids in human linoleic acid deficiency. Nutr. Metab. 1972; 13: 150
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell M., Jonsson H. Severe Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency (EFAD) in Man: Occurrence, Manifestations and Correction During Prolonged Total Parental Alimentation (TPA). IX International Congress of Nutrition. Mexico City 1972; 197, abstracts
   Google Scholar
• Woodruff C. W., Bailey M. C., Davis J. T., Rogers N., Coniglio J. C. Serum lipids in breast-fed infants and in infants fed evaporated milk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 14: 83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson A. E., Wiese H. F., Adam D. J. D., Boelsche A. N., Haggard M. E., Davis H., Newson W. T., Pesut L. Influence of diet on blood serum lipids in pregnant women and newborn infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 11
   Google Scholar
• Pikaar N. A., Fernandes J. Influence of different types of dietary fat on the fatty acid composition of serum lipid fractions in infants and children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 194
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patil V. S., Hansen A. E. Effect of diets with and without fat at low and high caloric levels on fatty acids in blood cells and plasma of dogs. J. Nutr. 1962; 78: 167
   Google Scholar
• Mohrhauer H., Holman R. T. The effect of dietary essential fatty acids upon composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in depot fat and erythrocytes of the rat. J. Lipid Res. 1963; 4: 346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Poukka R. K. H. Red cell content of vitamin E and fatty acids in normal subjects and patients with abnormal lipid metabolism. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. 1970; 40: 344
   Google Scholar