37
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Red Cell Enzymes

&
Pages 469-502 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008

References

  • Piankeid T. A. J. Clinical significance of red cell structure and metabolism. Br. Med. J. 1965; 2: 1017
  • Murphy J. R. Erythrocyte metabolism. 11. Glucose metabolism and pathways. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1960; 55: 286
  • Walker D. G. Essays in Biochemistry, P. N. Campbell, G. D. Greville. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. 2: 33
  • Bishop C. Overall red cell metabolism. The Red Blood Cell, C. Bishop, D. M. Surgenor. Academic Press, New York 1964; 161
  • Dacie J. V., Mollison P. I., Richardson N., Selwyn J. G., Shapiro L. Atypical, congenital hemolytic anemia. Q.J.Med. 1953; 22: 279
  • Valentine W. N., Oski F. A., Paglia D. E., Baughan M. A., Schneider A. S., Naiman J. L. Hereditary hemolytic anemia with hexokinase deficiency, role of hexokinase in aging. N. Engl. J. Med. 1967; 276: 1
  • Baughan M. A., Valentine W. N., Paglia D. E., Ways P. O., Simon E. R., DeMarsh Q. B. Hereditary hemolytic anemia associated with glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency - a new enzyme defect of human erythrocytes. Blood 1968; 32: 236
  • Welch S. G. Qualitative and quantitative variants of human phosphoglucose isomerase. Hum. Hered. 1971; 21: 467
  • Paglia D. E., Holland P., Baughan M. A., Valentine W. N. Occurrence of defective hexosephosphate isomerization in human erthrocytes and leukocytes, TV. Engl. J. Med. 1969; 280: 66
  • Cartier P., Temkine H., Griscelli C. Etude biochemique d'une ane'mie hemolytique avec deficit familial en phosphohexoseisomerase. Enzymol. Biol. Clin. 1969; 10: 439
  • Schrotter W., Brittinger G., Zimmerschilt E., Konig E. A new hemolytic syndrome with glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6PD) deficiency of erythrocytes; biochemical studies. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1970; 1: 145
  • Arnold H., Blume K. G., Busch D., Lenkeit U., Lohr G. W., Liibs E. Klinische und biochemische Untersuchungen zur Glucosephosphatisomerase, Normaler menschlicher erythrocyten und bei Glucosephosphat-isomerasemangel. Klin. Wochenschr. 1970; 48: 1299
  • Oski F., Fuller E. Glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency associated with abnormal osmotic fragility and spherocytes. Clin. Res. 1971; 19: 427
  • Blume K. G., Hryniuk W., Powars D., Trinidad F., West C., Beutler E. Characterization of two new variants of glucose-phosphate isomerase deficiency with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1972; 79: 942
  • Minakami S., Yoshikawa H. Inorganic phosphate and erythrocyte glycolysis. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1965; 99: 175
  • Tarui S., Okuno G., Ikura Y., Tanaka T., Suda S., Nishikawa M. Phosphofructokinase deficiency in skeletal muscle, a new type of glycogenosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1965; 19: 517
  • Tarui S., Kono N., Hasu T., Nishikawa M. Enzymatic basis for the coexistence of myopathy and hemolytic disease in inherited muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1969; 34: 77
  • Layzer R. B., Rowland L. P., Ranney H. M. Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency. Arch. Neurol. 1967; 17: 512
  • Waterbury L., Frenkel E. P. Phosphofructokinase deficiency in congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Blood 1969; 34: 861
  • Waterbury L., Frenkel E. P. Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolysis with erthrocyte phosphofructokinase deficiency. Blood 1972; 39: 415
  • Torlontano G., Fontana L., DeLaurenzi A., Papa G., Proietti M. Hereditary elliptocytosis, haematological and metabolic findings. Acta Haematol 1972; 48: 1
  • Mitchell C. D., Hanahan D. J. Solubilization of certain proteins from human erythrocyte stroma. Biochemistry 1966; 5: 51
  • Mitchell C. D., Mitchell W. B., Hanahan D. J. Enzyme and hemoglobin retention in human erythrocyte stroma. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1965; 104: 348
  • Chapman R. G. Red cell aldolase deficiency in hereditary spherocytosis. Br. J. Haematol 1969; 16: 145
  • Hanes T. E., Patterson J., van Eys J. Red cell aldolase and other enzyme activities in hereditary spherocytosis. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1970; 75: 654
  • Schneider A. S., Valentine W. N., Hattori M., Heins H. L., Jr. Hereditary hemolytic anemia with triose phosphate isomerase deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 1965; 272: 229
  • Sparkes R. S., Carrel R. E., Paglia D. E. Probable localization of a triose phosphate gene to the short arm of the number 5 human chromosome, Afarure. 1969; 224, 229
  • Brock D. J. H., Singer J. D. Red cell triosephosphate isomerase and chromosome 5. Lancet 1970; 2: 45
  • Brock D. J. H., Singer J. D. Red cell triosephosphate isomerase and chromosome 5. Lancet 1970; 2: 1136
  • Sparkes R. S. Red cell triosephosphate isomerase and chromosome 5. Lancet 1970; 2: 570
  • Hendrickson R. J., Snapka R. M., Sawyer T. H., Gracy R. W. Studies on human triose phosphate isomerase III. Characterization of the enzyme from patients with Cri du Chat syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1973; 25: 433
  • Kaplan J. C., Teeple L., Sjore N., Beutler E. Electrophoretic abnormality in triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1968; 31: 768
  • Kaplan J. C., Shore N., Beutler E. The rapid detection of triose phosphate isomerase deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 1968; 50: 656
  • Paniker N. V., Beutler E. Pyruvate effect in maintenance of ATP and 2, 3, -DPG of stored blood. J Lab. Clin. Med. 1971; 78: 472
  • Oski F. A., Whaun J. Hemolytic anemia and red cell glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin. Res. 1969; 17: 472
  • Lubin B., Oski F. A. Red cell metabolism in the newborn infant. VI. Irreversible oxidant-induced injury. J. Pediatr. 1972; 81: 698
  • Kraus A. P., Langston M. G., Lynch B. L. Red cell phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency, a new cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1968; 30: 173
  • Valentine W. N., Hsieh H., Paglia D. E., Anderson H. M., Baughan M. A., Jaffe E. R., Garson O. M. Hereditary hemolytic anemia. Association with phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes and leukocytes. Trans, Assoc. Am. Physicians 1968; 81: 49
  • Cartier P., Habibi B., Leroux J. P., Marchand J. C. Aniémie hémolytique congénitale associée à un déficit en phosphoglycératekinase dans les globules rouges les polynuclearires et les lymphocytes. Nouv. Rev. Fr. HematoL 1971; 11: 565
  • Valentine W. N., Hsieh H., Paglia D. E., Anderson H. M., Baughan M. A., Jaffe E. R., Garson O. M. Hereditary hemolytic anemia associated with phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes and leukocytes. A probable X-chromosome-linked syndrome, N. Engl. J. Med. 1969; 280: 528
  • Chen S. H., Malcolm L. A., Yoshida A., Giblett E. R. Phosphoglycerate kinase: an X-linked polymorphism in man. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1971; 23: 87
  • Beutler E. Electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kinase. Biochem. Genet. 1969; 3: 189
  • Krimsky I. D-2, 3-Diphosphoglycerate. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, H. U. Bergmeyer. Academic Press, New York 1965; 238
  • Battels H., Vogel I. Isoenzyme der Enolase in Erythrocyten Neugeborener und Erwachsener. Z. Kinderheilkd. 1971; 111: 247
  • Prankerd T. A. J. Inborn errors of metabolism in red cells of congenital hemolytic anemia. Am. J. Med. 1957; 22: 724
  • Stefanini M. Chronic hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte enolase deficiency exacerbated by ingestion of nitrofurantoin. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1972; 58: 408
  • Minakami S., Yoshikawa H. Studies on erythrocyte glycolysis. II. Free energy changes and rate limiting steps in erythrocyte glycolysis. J. Biochem, (Tokyo) 1966; 59: 139
  • Fornaini G. Biochemical modifications during the life span of the erythrocyte. Ital. J. Biochem. 1967; 16: 257
  • Valentine W. N., Tanaka K. R., Miwa S. A specific erythrocyte glycolytic enzyme defect (pyruvate kinase) in 3 subjects with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Trans. Assoc. Am. Physician 1961; 7: 100
  • Bmnetti P., Puxeddu A., Nenci G., Migliorini E. Congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency. Acta Haematol. 1963; 30: 88
  • Oski F. A., Diamond L. K. Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency resulting in congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1963; 269: 763
  • Shafer A. W. Glycolytic intermediates in erythrocytes in nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or pyruvate kinase. Clin. Res. 1963; 11: 103
  • Valentine W. N. Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, chap. 42. Hematology, W. J. Williams, E. Beutler, A. J. Ersleve, R. W. Rudles. McGraw-Hill. 1972
  • Koler R. D., Bigley R. H., Jone R. T., Rigas D. A., Vanbellinghen P., Thompson P. Pyruvate kinase: molecular differences between human red cell and leukocyte enzyme. Symp. Quant. Biol. 1964; 29: 213
  • Helbig W., Pester F., Jocobasch G. Der pyruvat kinasemangel in der DDR. Folia Haematol. 1971; 96: 68
  • Fung R. H. P., Keung Y. K., Chung G. S. H. Screening of pyruvate kinase deficiency and G6PD in Hong. Kong, Arch. Dis. Child. 1969; 44: 373
  • Lie-Injo L. L., Ng T., Balakrishran S. Red cell enzymes in cord blood and plasma bilirubin levels in the first week of life. Clin. Chim. Acta 1974; 50: 77
  • Koster J. F., Staal G. E., Niermeyer M. F. Pyruvate kinase in cultivated amniotic fluid cells. Clin. Chim. Acta 1972; 36: 572
  • Ibsen K. H., Schiller K. W., Haas T. A. Interconvertible kinetic and physical forms of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 1971; 246: 1233
  • Blume K. G., Hoffbauer R. W., Busch D., Arnold H., Lohr G. W. Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase in normal pyruvate kinase deficient human red blood cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1972; 36: 572
  • Staal G. E. J., Koster J. F., Kamp H., Van Milligen-Boersma L., Veeger C. Human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. Its purification and some properties. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1971; 227: 86
  • Staal G. E. J., Koster J. F., Nijessen J. G. A new variant of red blood cell pyruvate kinase deficiency. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1972; 258: 685
  • Busch D., Hoffbauer R. W., Blume K. G., Löhr G. W. Kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase and problems of therapy in different types of pyruvate kinase deficiency. Red Cell Structure and Metabolism, B. Ramot. Academic Press, New York 1971; 193
  • Baughan M. A., Paglia D. E., Schneider A. S., Valentine W. N. An unusual hematological syndrome with pyruvate kinase deficiency and thalassemia minor in the kindreds. Acta Haematol. 1968; 39: 345
  • Loder P. B., de Gruchy G. C. Red cell enzymes and coenzymes in nonspherocylic cogenital hemolytic anemias. Br. J. Haematol. 1965; 11: 21
  • Oski F. A., Nathan D. G., Sidel V. W., Diamond L. K. Extreme hemolysis and red cell distortion in erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency,./V. Engl. J. Med. 1964; 270: 1023
  • Euldermik A. J., Cleton F. J. Gaucher's disease with severe renal involvement combined with pyruvate kinase deficiency. Pathol. Eur. 1970; 5: 409
  • Searcy G. P., Miller D. R., Taker J. B. Congenital hemolytic anemia in the Basenji dog due to erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency. J Comp. Med. 1971; 35: 67
  • Miwa S., Tanaka K. R., Valentine W. N. Erythrocytic and leukocytic glycolytic enzyme studies in hematologic and nonhematologic diseases. Acta Haematol. Jap. 1962; 25: 12
  • Boivin P., Galand G., Mallarme J., Perrot R. Mise en évidence d'un enzyme a cinetique anormale dans deux nouveaux cas de deficit en pyruvate-kinase erythrocytaires. Pathol. Biol. 1969; 17: 597
  • Schwarzmeier J., Moser K., Lujf A. Pyruvatkinasemangel der Erythrocyten bei hereditarer Myopathie. Klin. Wochenschr. 1971; 49: 156
  • Beutler E. A series of screening procedures for pyruvate kinase deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and glutathione reductase deficiency. Blood 1966; 28: 553
  • Beutler E. Red Cell Metabolism: a Manual of Biochemical Methods. Grune & Stratton, New York 1971; 56
  • Mukherjee B. N., Das S. K., Sharma P. D. Study of LDH variants amongst the Mundas in Ranchi District, Bihar, India. Humangenetik 1973; 19: 285
  • Miwa S., Nishina T., Kakehashi Y., Kitamura M., Hiratusuka A., Shizume K. Studies on erythrocyte metabolism in a case with hereditary deficiency of H-subunit of lactate dehydrogenase. Acta Haematol. Jap. 1971; 34: 228
  • Dale J., Myhre E. Lactate dehydrogenase and mechanical trauma of erythrocytes. Acta Med. Scand. 1972; 191: 133
  • Bartlett G. R. Human red cell glycolytic intermediates. J. Biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 449
  • Mills G. C., Summers L. B. The metabolism of nucleotides and other phosphate esters in erythrocytes during in vitro incubation at 37 degrees. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1959; 84: 7
  • Prankerd T. A. J., Altman K. I. A study of the metabolism of phosphorus in mammalian red cells. Biochem. J. 1953; 58: 622
  • Bartlett G. R., Marlow A. A. Erythrocyte carbohydrate metabolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1953; 42: 188
  • Benesch R., Benesch R. E. The effect of organic phosphates from human erythrocytes on the allosteric properties of hemoglobin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1967; 26: 162
  • Chanutin A., Cumish R. P. Effect of organic and inorganic phosphates on the oxygen equilibrium of human erythrocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1967; 121: 96
  • Benesch R., Benesch R. E., Enoki Y. The interaction of hemoglobin and its sub-units with 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1968; 61: 1102
  • Paniker N. V., Beutler E. Effect of normal metabolites on the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1970; 135: 385
  • Rapoport S., Luegering J. Glycerate 2, 3-diphosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 189: 683
  • Alagille D., Fleury J., Odievere M. Deficit congenital en 2, 3-diphosphoglycerolmutase. Bull. Mem. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 1964; 115: 493
  • Schröter W. Kongenitale nichtsphiirocytare Hämolytische Anämie bei 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate mutase-mangel du Erythrocyten im frohen Sauglingsalter. Klin. Wochenschr. 1965; 43: 1147
  • Schröter W., Heyden H. V. Kinetik der 2, 3-diphosphoglyceratumsatzes in menschlichen Erythrocyten. Biochem. Z. 1965; 341: 387
  • Bowde A., Prankerd T. A. J. Studies in congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemias with specific enzyme defects. Acta Haematol. 1964; 31: 65
  • Löhr G. W. Hereditary Disorders of Erythrocyte Metabolism, E. Beutler. Grune & Stratton, New York 1968; 286
  • Rose Z. B. The purification and properties of diphosphoglycerate mutase from human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1968; 243: 4810
  • Harkness D. R., Grayson V. Erythrocyte metabolism in the bottle-nosed dolphin. Tursiops truncatus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol 1969; 28: 1289
  • Harkness D. R., Thompson W., Roth S., Grayson V. The 2, 3-diphosphoglyceric acid phosphatase activity of phosphoglyeerie acid mutase purified from human erythrocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1970; 138: 208
  • Joyce B. K., Grisolia S. Studies on glycerate 2, 3-diphosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 1958; 233: 350
  • Cordes W. A Death in a Case of Malarial Fever Undergoing Treatment with Plasmochin Compound. 15th Annual Report, United Fruit Co. (Med. Dept.). 1926; 72
  • Hockwald R. S., Arnold J., Clayman C. B., Alving A. S. Status of primaquine. IV. Toxicity of primaquine in Negroes. J.A.M.A. 1952; 149: 1568
  • Dent R. J., Beutler E., Alving A. S. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. II. The natural course of hemolytic anemia and the mechanism of its self-limited character. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1954; 44: 171
  • Carson P. E., Flanagan C. L., Ickes C. E., Alving A. S. Enzymatic deficiency in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes. Science 1956; 124: 484
  • Waller H. D., Löhr G. W., Tabatabai M. Hamolyse und Fehlen von glucose- 6-phosphatdehydrogenase in roten Blutzellen (Eine Ferment-Anomalie der Erythrocyten). Klin. Wochenschr. 1957; 35: 1022
  • Motulsky A. G., Yoshida A. Methods for the study of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochemical Methods in Red Cell Genetics, J. J. Yunis. Academic Press, New York 1969; 52
  • Beutler E. G-6PD activity of individual erythrocytes and X-chromosomal inactivation. Biochemical Methods in Red Cell Genetics, J. J. Yunis. Academic Press, New York 1969; 95
  • Hochstein P. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: mechanisms of drug induced hemolysis. Exp. Eye Res. 1971; 11: 389
  • Szeinberg A., Asher Y., Sheba C. Studies on glutathione stability in erythrocytes of cases with past history of favism or sulfa drug-induced hemolysis. Blood 1958; 13: 348
  • Beutler E. L. Dopa and favism. Blood 1970; 36: 523
  • Kattamis C. A., Kyriazakou M., Chaidas S. Favism: clinical and biochemical data. J Med. Genet. 1969; 6: 34
  • Burka E. R., Weaver Z., III, Marks P. A. Clinical spectrum of hemolytic anemia associated with G6PD deficiency. Ann. Intern. Med. 1966; 64: 817
  • Salen G., Goldstein F., Haurani F., Wirts C. W. Acute hemolytic anemia complicating viral hepatitis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Ann. Intern. Med. 1966; 65: 1210
  • Choremis C., Kattamis C. A., Kyriazakou M., Gavrillidou E. Viral hepatitis in G6PD deficiency. Lancet 1966; 1: 269
  • Hersko C., Vardy P. A. Haemolysis in typhoid fever in children with G6PD deficiency. Br. Med. J. 1967; 1: 214
  • Mengel C. E., Metz E., Yancey W. S. Anemia during acute infections. Role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Negroes. Arch. Intern. Med. 1967; 119: 287
  • Necheles T. F., Gorshein D. Virus-induced hemolysis in erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Science 1968; 160: 535
  • Baehner R. L., Nathan D. G., Castle W. B. The effect of hydrogen peroxide production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes on reduced glutathione levels in Caucasian glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red blood cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1970; 49: 6a
  • Cohen G., Hochstein P. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocytes by hemolytic agents. Biochemistry 1964; 3: 895
  • Walls R., Hochstein P. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a novel role for thyroxine in peroxide-induced hemolysis. Life Sci 1974; 15: 1757
  • Motulsky A. G., Campbell-Kraut J. M. Population genetics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of the red cell. Proceedings of the Conference on Genetic Polymorphisms and Geographic Variations in Diseases, B. S. Blumberg. Grune & Stratton, New York 1961; 159
  • Brewer G. J., Tarlov A. R., Alving A. S. The methemoglobin reduction test for primaquine-type sensitivity of erythrocytes. J.A.M.A. 1962; 180: 386
  • Paniker N. V., Beutler E. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADPH diaphorase in cattle erthrocytes. J. Anim. Sci. 1972; 34: 75
  • Jacob H. S., Jandl J. H. A simple visual screening test for G-6-PD deficiency employing ascorbate and cyanide. N. Engl. J. Med. 1966; 274: 1162
  • Kirkman H. N., Hendrickson E. M. Sex-linked electrophoretic difference in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1963; 15: 241
  • Mathai C. K., Ohno S., Beutler E. Sex-linkage of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene in equidae. Nature 1966; 210: 115
  • Fildes R. A., Parr C. W. Human red cell phosphogluconate dehydrogenases. Nature 1963; 200: 890
  • Brewer G. J., Dem R. J. A new inherited enzymatic deficiency of human erythrocytes: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1964; 16: 472
  • Parr C. W., Fitch L. I. Hereditary partial deficiency of human erthrocyte phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Biochem, J. 1964; 93: 28c
  • Parr C. W., Fitch L. I. Inherited quantitative variations of human phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Ann. Hum. Genet. 1967; 30: 339
  • Brewer G. J. Biochemical Methods in Red Cell Genetics, J. J. Yunis. Academic Press, New York 1969; 139
  • Scialom C., Najean Y., Bernard J. Anemie hemolytique congenitale nonspherocytaire avec deficit incomplet en 6-phosphogluconique-deshydrogenase. Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hematol 1966; 6: 452
  • Louseeker C., Heidt P., Fischer D., Hartleyle H., Lohr G. E. Anemie Hemolytique constitutionelle avec deficit en 6-phosphogluconique-deshydrogenase. Arch. Fr. Pediatr. 1965; 22: 789
  • Ajamar F., Scharrer B., Hashimotto F., Carson P. E. Interrelation of stromal NAD (P) ase and human erythrocytic 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1968; 59: 538
  • Turner B. M., Fisher R. A., Harris H. The age related loss of activity of four enzymes in the human erythrocyte. Clin. Chim. Acta 1974; 50: 85
  • Vetrella M., Barthelmai W. Enzyme activities in the erythrocytes of human fetuses. Z. Kinderheilkd. 1971; 110: 99
  • Brin M., Shohet S. S., Davidson C. S. The effect of thiamine deficiency on the glucose oxidative pathway of rat erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1958; 230: 319
  • Wolfe S. J., Brin M., Davidson C. S. The effect of thiamine deficiency on human erythrocyte metabolism. J Clin. Invest. 1958; 37: 1476
  • Wardale E. N. A study of the effects of possible toxic metabolites of uremia on red cell metabolism. Acta Haematol. 1970; 43: 129
  • Erslev A. J. Anemia of chronic renal disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 1970; 126: 774
  • Nicholas P., Cunningham A. E., Reid E. Transketolase measurements in human red blood cells. Clin. Chim. Acta 1974; 51: 331
  • Meldrum N. U., Tan H. L. A. The reduction of glutathione by the Warburg-Christian system. Biochem. J. 1935; 29: 108
  • Dimant E., Landsberg E., London L. M. The metabolic behavior of reduced glutathione in human and avian erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1955; 213: 769
  • Kasbekar D. K., Sreenivasan A. Biosynthesis of glutathione by rat erythrocytes. Biochem. J. 1959; 72: 389
  • Sass M. D. Glutathione synthesis in cell free preparations from erythrocytes of different ages. Clin. Chim. Acta 1968; 22: 207
  • Konrad P. N., Richards F., Valentine W. N., Paglia D. E. γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase deficiency. A cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1972; 286: 557
  • Boivin P., Galand C. La synthese du glutathion au cours de l'anemie hemolytique congenitale avec deficit en glutathion reduit: deficit congenitale en glutathion-synthetase erythrocytaire?. Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hematol 1965; 5: 707
  • Mohler D. N., Majerus P. W., Minnich V., Hess C. E., Garrick M. D. Glutathione synthetase deficiency as a cause of hereditary hemolytic disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1970; 283: 1253
  • Paniker N. V., Beutler E. The effect of methylene blue and diaminodiphenyl sulfone on red cell reduced glutathione synthesis. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1972; 80: 481
  • Blume K. G., Paniker N. V., Beutler E. Enzymes of gluthione synthesis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Clin. Chim. Acta 1973; 45: 281
  • Mills G. C. Hemoglobin catabolism. I. Glutathione peroxidase, an erythrocytic enzyme which protects hemoglobin from oxidative breakdown. J Biol. Chem. 1957; 229: 189
  • Cohen G., Hochstein P. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide in human erythrocytes. Science 1961; 134: 1756
  • Cohen G., Hochstein P. Glutathione peroxidase: the primary agent for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocytes. Biochemistry 1963; 2: 1420
  • Hill A. S., Jr., Haut A., Carwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M. The role of non-hemoglobin proteins and reduced glutathione in the protection of hemoglobin from oxidation in vitro. J Clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 17
  • Necheles T. F., Boles T. A., Allen D. M. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase deficiency and hemolytic disease of the newborn infant. J. Pediatr. 1968; 72: 319
  • Necheles T. F., Steinberg M. H., Cameron D. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Br. J. Haematol. 1970; 19: 605
  • Steinberg M., Bauer M. J., Necheles T. F. Acute hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Arch. Intern. Med. 1970; 125: 302
  • Steinberg M. H., Necheles T. F. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Am. J. Med. 1971; 50: 542
  • Bracci R., Corvaglia E., Princi P., Bettini F., Pindinelli C. The role of glutathione peroxidase deficiency in the increased susceptibility to Heinz body formation in the erythrocytes of newborn infants. Ital. J. Biochem. 1969; 18: 100
  • Boivin P., Galand C., Hakim J., Roge J., Gueroult N. Anemie hemolytique avec deficit en glutathion-peroxydase chez un adulte. Enzymol. Biol. Clin. 1969; 10: 68
  • Gharib H., Fairbanks V. F., Bartholomew L. G. Hepatic failure with acanthocytosis; association with hemolytic anemia and deficiency of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Mayo Clin. Proc 1969; 44: 96
  • Hopkins J., Tudhope G. R. Glutathione peroxidase in human red cells in health and disease, Br. J. Haematol. 1973; 25: 563
  • Whaun J. M., Oski F. A. Relation of red blood cell glutathione peroxidase to neonatal jaundice. J. Pediatr. 1970; 76: 555
  • Emerson P. M., Mason D. Y., Cuthbert J. E. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase content and serum tocopherol levels in newborn infants. Br. J. Haematol. 1972; 22: 667
  • Vetrella M., Barthelmai W. Studies on drug induced hemolysis. Effects of menadione and its water soluble preparations on the glutathione peroxidase of human erythrocytes. Klin. Wochenschr. 1972; 50: 234
  • Pinto R. E., Bartley W. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities in hepatomous livers of rats treated with diethyl nitrosamine. FEBS Lett. 1973; 32: 307
  • Scott E. M., Duncan I. W., Elstrand V. Purification and properties of glutathione reductase of human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 464
  • Schrier S. L., Kellermeyer R. W., Carson P. E., Ickes C. E., Alving A. S. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. IX. Enzymatic abnormalities in primaquine sensitive erythrocytes. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1958; 52: 109
  • Long W. K., Carson P. E. Increased erythrocyte, glutathione reductase activity in diabetes mellitus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1961; 5: 394
  • Long W. K. Glutathione reductase in red blood cells: variant associated with gout. Science 1967; 155: 712
  • Carson P. E., Brewer G. J., Ickes C. E. Decreased glutathione reductase with susceptibility to hemolysis. J Lab. Clin. Med. 1961; 58: 804
  • Waller H. D., Lohr G. E., Zynso E., Gerok W., Voss D., Strauss G. Glutathion reduktasemangel mit ha'motologischen und neurologischen storungen (Autosomal dominant verebliche Bildung eines pathologischen Enzymes). Klin. Wochenschr. 1965; 43: 413
  • Loffler G., Brittinger G., Konig E. Angeborene nichtspharocytare hamolytische Anamie bei familiarem mangel on DPNH-und TPNH-abhangiger Glutathionreduktase der Erythrocyten. Klin. Wochenschr. 1966; 44: 571
  • Staal G. E. J., Helleman P. W., DeWail J., Veeger C. Purification and properties of an abnormal glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. Biochem. Biophys., Acta 1969; 115: 63
  • Fajnholc N. E., Kaminsky E., Machtey I., De Vries A. Hereditary erythrocyte glutathione reductase deficiency. Rev. Eur. Etud. Clin, Biol 1971; 16: 987
  • Buzard J. A., Kopko. The flavin requirement and some inhibition characteristics of rat tissue glutathione reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 464
  • McNamara J. V., Frischer H., Rieckmann K. H., Stockert R. A., Powel R. D., Carson P. E. Increased activity of erythrocyte glutathione reductase during administration of nicotinic acid. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1967; 70: 989
  • Beutler E. Glutathione reductase; stimulation in normal subjects by riboflavin supplementation. Science 1969; 165: 613
  • Bamji M. S. Glutathione reductase activity in red blood cells and riboflavin nutritional status in humans. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969; 26: 263
  • Paniker N. V., Srivastava S. K., Beutler E. Glutathione metabolism of the red cells: effect of glutathione reductase deficiency on the stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt under oxidative stress. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1970; 215: 466
  • Raica N., Jr., Sauberlich H. E. Blood cell transaminase activity in human vitamin B6 deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 67
  • Sharada D., Bamji M. S. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity and riboflavin concentration in experimental deficiency of some water soluble vitamins. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1972; 42: 43
  • Gitzelmann R. Hereditary galactokinase deficiency, a newly recognized cause of juvenile cataracts. Pediatr. Res. 1967; 1: 14
  • Thalhammer O., Gitzelmann R., Pantlitschko M. Hypergalactosemia and galactosuria due to galactokinase deficiency in a newborn. Pediatrics 1968; 42: 441
  • Monteleone J. A., Beutler E., Monteleone P., Utz C. L., Casey E. C. Catara galactosuria and hypergalactosemia due to galactokinase deficiency in a child. Am. J. Med. 1971; 50: 403
  • Gitzelmann R., Wells H. J., Segal S. Galactose metabolism in a patient with hereditary galactokinase deficiency. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1974; 4: 79
  • Donnell G. N., Ng Q. G., Hodgman J. E., Bergren W. R. Galactose metabolism in the newborn infant. Pediatrics 1967; 39: 829
  • Beutler E., Paniker N. V., Trinidad F. Assay of red ceil galactokinase. Biochem. Med. 1971; 5: 325
  • Schwarz V., Goldberg L., Komorower G. M., Holzel A. Metabolic observations on the erythrocytes from cases of galactosemia. Biochem. J. 1955; 62: 34
  • Kalckar H. M., Anderson E. P., Isselbacher K. J. Galactosemia, a congenital defect in a nucleotide transferase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1956; 20: 262
  • Beutler E., Baluda M. C., Donnell G. N. A new method for the detection of galactosemia and its carrier state. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1964; 64: 694
  • Isselbacher K. J. Galactose metabolism and galactosemia. Am. J. Med. 1959; 26: 715
  • Smetana H. F., Olen E. Hereditary galactose disease. Am. J. Oin. Pathol 1962; 38: 3
  • Tolstrup N. Clinican and biochemical aspects of galactosemia. Scad. J. Oin. Lab. Invest. 1966; 92, 148, (Suppl.)
  • Sidbury J. B., Jr. The biochemical pathogenesis of galactosemia. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1957; 524
  • Lerman S. Enzymatic factors in experimental galactose cataract. Science 1959; 130: 1473
  • Wells W. W., Pittman T. A., Wells H. J., Egan T. J. The isolation and identification of galactitol from the brains of galactosemia patients. J Biol Chem. 1965; 240: 1002
  • Paniker N. V., Iyer G. Y.N. Galactose metabolism of mammalian erythrocytes. J. Cell. Physiol 1971; 78: 251
  • Hansen R. G., Bretthauer R. K., Mayes J. S., Nordin J. H. Estimation of frequency of occurrence of galactosemia in the population. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1964; 115: 560
  • Beutler E., Baluda M. C., Sturgeon P., Day R. A new genetic abnormality resulting in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency. Lancet 1965; 1: 353
  • Beutler E., Baluda M. C. Biochemical properties of human red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase from normal and mutant subjects. J. Lab. Oin. Med. 1966; 67: 947
  • Bingold K. Die Niere Als BlutzerstOrendes organ. Klin. Wochenschr. 1933; 12: 1201
  • Keilin D., Hartree E. F. Properties of catalase. Catalysis of coupled oxidation of alcohols. Biochem. J. 1945; 39: 293, April 1975 499
  • Takahara S., Hamilton H. B., Neel J. V., Kobara T. Y., Ogura Y., Nishimura E. T., Ozaki K., Ito K. Hypocatalasemia, a new genetic carrier state. J. Gin. Invest. 1960; 39: 610
  • Abei H., Heiniger J. P., Suter H. Methemoglobinbildung durch Rontgenstrahlem in normalen und Katalasefreien Erythrocyten des menschen. Experientia 1962; 18: 129
  • Tudhope G. R., Leece S. P. Red cell catalase and production of methemoglobin, Heinz bodies and changes in osmotic fragility due to drugs. Acta Haematol. 1971; 45: 290
  • Abei H., Suter H. Catalase. Biochemical Methods, in Red Cell Genetics, J. J. Yunis. Academic Press, New York 1969; 255
  • Warburg O., Schroder W., Gattung H. W. Ueber die Wirkung von Rontgenstrahlen auf Haemoglobin. Z. Naturforsch. 1960; 15b: 163
  • Paniker N. V., Iyer G. Y. N. Erythrocyte catalase and detoxication of hydrogen peroxide. Can. J. Biochem. 1965; 43: 1029
  • Paniker N. V., Iyer G. Y. N. Role of erythrocyte catalase in the protection of hemoglobin against hydrogen peroxide. Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys. 1972; 9: 176
  • Jacob H. S., Ingbar S. H., Jandl J. H. Oxidative metabolism and hereditary acatalasis. J. Clin. Invest. 1965; 43: 1259
  • Abei H., Suter H. Ueber die peroxidempfindlichkeit von akatalasie-erythrocyten. Humangenetik 1966; 2: 328
  • Paniker N. V., Iyer G. Y. N. Protective factors in the detoxication of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocytes. Can. J. Biochem. 1969; 47: 405
  • Abei H., Bossi E., Cantz M., Matsubara S., Suter H. Acatalasemia in Switzerland. Hereditary Disorders of Erythrocyte Metabolism, E. Beutler. Gune & Stratton, New York 1968; 41
  • Tarlov A. R., Kellermeyer R. W. Effect of primaquine. XI. Decreased catalase activity in primaquine sensitive erythrocytes. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1961; 58: 204
  • Gibson Q. H. The reduction of methemoglobin in red blood cells and studies on the cause of idiopathic methemoglobinemis. Biochem. J. 1948; 42: 13
  • Jaffe E. R. DPNH-Methemoglobin reductase (Diaphorase). Biochemical Methods in Red Cell Genetics, J. J. Yunis. Academic Press, New York 1969; 231
  • Huennekens F. M., Kerwar G. K., Kajita A. Methemoglobin reductases. Hereditary Disorders of Erythrocyte Metabolism, E. Beutler. Grune & Stratton, New York 1968; 87
  • Scott E. M. Congenital methemoglobinia, due to DPNH-diaphorase deficiency. Hereditary Disorders of Erythrocyte Metabolism, E. Beutler. Grune & Stratton, New York 1968; 102
  • West C. A., Gomperts B. D., Huehns E. R., Kessel I., Ashby J. R. Demonstration on an enzyme variant in a case of congenital methemoglobinemia. Br. Med. J. 1967; 4: 212
  • Brewer G. J., Eaton J. W., Knutsen C. S., Beck C. C. A starch-gel electrophoretic method for the study of diaphorase isozymes and preliminary results with sheep and human erythrocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1967; 29: 198
  • Kaplan J. C., Beutler E. Electrophoresis of red cell NADH- and NADPH-diaphorases in normal subjects and patients with congenital methemoglobinemia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1967; 29: 605
  • Bloom G. E., Zarkowsky H. S. Heterogenity of the enzymatic defect in congenital methemoglobinemia. N. Engl. J. Med 1969; 281: 919
  • Defter J. C., Anderson J. E., Giblet E. R. NADH Diaphorase, an inherited variant associated with normal methemoglobin reduction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1970; 22: 100
  • Hsieh H., Jaffe E. R. Electrophoretic and functional variants of NADH-methemoglobin reductase in hereditary methemoglobinemia. J. Clin. Invest. 1971; 50: 196
  • Waller H. D. Inherited methemoglobinemia (enzyme deficiencies). Humangenetik 1970; 9: 217
  • Scott E. M. A comparison of two methods of determining DPNH-methemoglobin reductase. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969; 23: 495
  • Kuma F., Ishizawa S., Hiriyama K., Nakajima H. Studies on methemoglobin reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 1972; 247: 550
  • Feig S. A., Nathan D. G., Geald P. S., Zarkowski H. S. Congenital methemoglobinemia: the result of age dependent decay of methemoglobin reductase. Blood 1972; 39: 407
  • Sass M. D., Caruso C. J., Farhangi M. TPNH-Methemoglobin reductase deficiency, a new red cell enzyme defect. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1967; 70: 760
  • Kajita A., Kerwar G. K., Huennekens F. M. Multiple forms of methemoglobin reductase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1969; 130: 662
  • Sugita Y., Nomura S., Yoneyama Y. Purification of reduced pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes and methemoglobin reduction by the enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 1971; 246(607)2
  • Bidlack W. R., Okita R. T., Hochstein P. The role of NADPH-cytochrome b, reductase in microsomal lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1973; 53: 459
  • Paniker N. V., Arnold A. B., Hartmann R. C. Solubilization and purification of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1973; 144: 492
  • Hanahan D. J. Red Cross Symposium on Red Cell Membrane Structure and Function, G. A. Jamieson, T. J. Greenwalt. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1969; 83
  • De Sandre G., Ghiotto G. An enzymatic disorder in the erythrocytes of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria; a deficiency in acetylcholinesterase activity. Br. J. Haematol. 1960; 6: 39
  • Hartmann R. C., Auditore J. V., Holland W. C. Erythocyte acetylcholinesterase defect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. J Clin. Invest. 1958; 37: 900
  • Lewis S. M., Danon D., Marikowsky Y. Electrop-microscope studies of the red cell in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Br. J. Haematol 1965; 11: 689
  • Mengel C. E., Kahn H. E., Jr. A role of peroxidation of erythrocyte lipid in PNH hemolysis (abstract). J. Lab. Clin. Med 1965; 66: 1002
  • O'Malley B. W., Mengel C. E., Meriwether W. D., Zirkle L. G., Jr. Inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by peroxides. Biochemistry 1966; 5: 40
  • Paniker N. V., Arnold A. B., Hartmann R. C. Studies on the role of red cell membrane peroxidation in paroxysmal nocturnal haemolobinuria (PNH). Br. J. Haematol 1974; 26: 39
  • Santolucito J. A., Whitcomb E. Effect of paraoxan on erythrocyte metabolism as measured by oxygen uptake in vitro. Br. J Pharmacol 1971; 42: 298
  • Johns R. J. Familial reduction in red cell cholinesterase. N. Engl. J. Med. 1962; 267: 1344
  • Post R. L., Merritt C. R., Kinsolving C. R., Albright C. D. Membrane adenosine triphosphatase as a participant in the active transport of sodium and potassium in the human erythrocyte. J. Biol. Chem. 1960; 235: 1796
  • Heller M., Hanahan D. J. Erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes; ATPase, phosphatase and adenylate kinase in human, bovine and porcine erythrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1972; 255: 239
  • Dunham E. T., Glynn I. M. Adenosine triphosphatase activity and the active movements of alkali metal ions. J. Physiol. 1961; 156: 274
  • Marchesi V. T., Palade G. E. The localization of Mg-Na-K activated adenosine triphosphatase activity on red cell ghost membranes. J. Cell. Biol 1967; 35: 385
  • Mircevova L., Mach O., Simonova A. ATPase activity and morphology of the erythrocyte membrane. Folia Haematol 1973; 99: 317
  • Harvald B., Hane K. H., Squires R., Trap-Jensen J. Adenosine triphosphatase deficiency in patients with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Lancet 1964; 2: 18
  • Cotte J., Kissui C., Mathieu M., Poncet J., Monnet P. I., Salle B., Germain D. Observation d'un cas de deficit partiel en ATPase intraerythrocytaire. Rev. Fr. Etud. Clin. Biol 1968; 13: 284
  • Balfe J. W., Cole C., Smith E. K. M., Graham J. B., Welt L. G. A hereditary sodium transport defect in the human red blood cell. J. Clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 4a
  • Hanel H. K., Cohn J., Garvald B. Adenosine triphosphatase deficiency in a family with non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Hum. Hered. 1971; 21: 313
  • Francailla A., Albano O., Mastrangelo F., Coratelli P., Palasciano G., Amerio A. Erythrocyte membrane ATPase in patients with acute or chronic renal disease. Gin. Chim. Acta 1972; 37: 298
  • Morrison W., Neurath H. Proteolytic enzymes of the formed elements of human blood. I. Erythrocytes. J. Biol Chem. 1953; 200: 39
  • Moore G. U., Kocholaty W. F., Cooper D. A., Gray J. L., Robinson S. L. A proteinase from human erythrocyte membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1970; 212: 126
  • McCord J. M., Fridovich L. The reduction of cytochrome c by milk xanthine oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 1968; 243: 5753
  • Salin M. L., McCord J. M. Superoxide dismutase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 1974; 54: 1005
  • Paniker N. V. Formation of hydrogen peroxide in mammalian erythrocytes. Exp. Eye Res. 1971; 11: 399
  • Hopkins D. A., Harris H. Adenylate kinase. Biochemical Methods in Red Cell Genetics, J. J. Yunis. Academic Press, New York 1969; 368
  • Szeinberg A., Tamir Tomashevsky S. Red cell adenylate kinase and phosphoglucomutase polymorphisms in several population groups in Israel. Hum. Hered. 1971; 21: 289
  • Gabrio B. W., Hennessey M., Thomasson J., Finch C. A. Erythrocyte preservation. IV. In vitro reversibility of the storage lesion. J. Biol. Chem. 1955; 215: 357
  • McManus T. J., Borgese T. A. The effect of pyruvate on nucleoside metabolism by erythrocytes (abstract). 5th International Congress on Biochemistry. Pergamon, Moscow, London 1961; 378
  • Loos J. A., Prins H. K. Application of a mechanized method for the determination of different glycolytic intermediates in the routine quality control of red cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol 1969; 6: 277
  • Paniker N. V., Iyer G. Y. N., unpublished observations
  • Moore E. C., Meuiwissen H. J. Neonatal screening in ADA deficiency. Combined Immunological Disease - a molecular defect?. Academic Press, New York 1974, New York State Department of Health, Birth Defects Institute Symposium
  • Jenkins T. Red blood cell adenosine deaminase deficiency in a “healthy” Kung individual. Lancet 1973; 2: 736
  • Emerson B. T., Thompson C. J., Wallace D. C. Partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, intermediate enzyme deficiency in heterozygote red cells. Ann. Intern. Med. 1972; 76: 285
  • SeegmiUei J. E., Rosenbloom F. M., Kelly W. N. Enzyme defect associated with a sex-linked human neurological disorder and excessive purine synthesis. Science 1967; 152: 1682
  • Kogut M. D., Donnell G. N., Nyhan W. L., Sweetman L. Disorder of purine metabolism due to partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. Am. J. Med. 1970; 48: 148
  • Benke P. J., Herrick N., Hebert A. Transport of fibroblasts with normal and mutant hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase. Biochem. Med. 1973; 8: 309
  • Valentine W. N., Kuischnei K. K. Studies on human erythrocyte nucleotide metabolism. I. Nonisotopic methodologies. Blood 1972; 39: 666
  • Sutherland E. W., Rail T. W., Menon T. Adenyl cyclase. I. Distribution, preparation and properties. J Biol. Chem. 1962; 237: 1220
  • Sheppard H., Burghardt. Adenyl cyclase in non-nucleated erythrocytes of several mammalian species. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1969; 18: 2576
  • Rubin C. S., Eriichman J., Rosen O. M. Cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate dependent protein kinase of human erythrocyte membranes. J Biol. Chem. 1972; 247: 6135
  • Weatherall D. J., McLntyre P. A. Development and acquired variations in erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. Br. J.Haematol. 1967; 13: 106
  • Brinkman B., Hoppe H. H., Hennig W., Koops E. Red cell enzyme polymorphism in a northern German population. Gene frequencies and population genetics of the acid phosphatase phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase adenosine deaminase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Hum. Hered. 1971; 21: 278
  • Cocnblath M., Steiner D. F., Bryan P., King J. Uridine diphosphoglucose glucosyl transferase in human erythrocytes. Clin. Chim. Acta 1965; 12: 27
  • Moses S. W., Bashan N., Gutman A. Properties of glycogen synthetase in erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 1972; 30: 205
  • Abul-Fadl M. A., King E. J. Properties of the acid phosphatases of erythrocytes and human prostate gland. Biochem. J. 1949; 45: 51
  • Valentine W. N., Anderson H. M., Paglia D. E., Jaffe E. R., Konrad P. N., Harris S. R. Studies on human erythrocyte nucleotide metabolism. II. Nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, high red cell ATP, and ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase deficiency. Blood 1972; 39: 674
  • Vesel E. S., Beam A. G. Observations on the heterogeneity of malic and lactic dehydrogenase in human serum and red blood cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1958; 37: 672
  • Rubinstein D., Denstedt O. F. The metabolism of the erythrocyte. III. The tricarboxylic acid cycle in the avian erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1953; 204: 623
  • Beutler E., Yeh M. K. Y. Aconitase in human blood. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1959; 54: 456
  • Löhr G. W., Waller H. D. Zur biochemie der erythrocytenaltering. Folia Haematol. 1961; 78: 385

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.