References
- Eilers R. J. Quality assurance in health care: missions, goals and activities. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C) 1975; 21: 1357
- Grannis G. F. Studies of the reliability of constituent target values established in a large inter-laboratory survey. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1976; 22: 1035
- Shewhart W. A. Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Products. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York 1931
- Wernimont G. Use of control charts in the analytical laboratory. Ind. Eng. Chem Anal. Ed. 1946; 18: 587
- Manual on the Presentation of Data. American Society for Testing Materials. Philadelphia 1947
- Belk W. P., Sunderman F. W. A survey on the accuracy of chemical analysis in clinical laboratories. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1947; 17: 854
- Shuey H. E., Cebel J. Bull. U.S. Army Med. Dep. 1949; 9: 799
- Wootton I. D. P., King E. J. Normal values for blood constituents: interhospital differences. Lancet 1953; 264: 470
- Archibald R. M. Criteria of analytical methods for clinical chemistry. Anal. Chem. 1950; 22: 639
- Levey S., Jennings E. R. The use of control charts in the clinical laboratory. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1950; 20: 1059
- Mode E. B. Elements of Probability and Statistics. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1966; 194–254
- Quality Control Monograph, National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta 1969; 16
- Henry R. J., Seglove M. The running of standards in clinical chemistry and the use of the control chart. J. Clin Pathol 1952; 5: 305
- Henry R. J. Use of the control chart in clinical chemistry. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1959; 5: 309
- Gooszen J. A. H. The use of control charts in the clinical laboratory. Clin. Chim Acta 1960; 5: 431
- Amenta J. S. Analysis of variance, control charts, and the clinical laboratory. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1968; 49: 842
- Amador E. Quality control by the reference sample method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1968; 50: 360
- Allen J. R., Earp R., Farrell C. E., Gruemer H. D. Analytical bias in a quality control scheme. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1969; 15: 1039
- Weinberg M. S., Barnett R. N. Absence of analytical bias in a quality control program. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1962; 38: 468
- Sax S. M., Dorman L., Lebenson D. D., Moore J. J. Design and operation of an expanded system of quality control. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1967; 13: 825
- Griffin D. F. Systems control by cumulative sum method. Am. J. Med. Technol. 1968; 34: 644
- Cembrowski G. S., Westgard J. O., Eggert A. A., Toren E. C., Jr. Trend detection in control data: optimization and interpretation of Trigg's technique for trend analysis. Clin. Chem. 1975; 21: 1398
- Waid M. E., Hoffmann R. G. The quality control of laboratory precision. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1955; 25: 585
- Hoffmann R. G., Waid M. E., Henry J. B. Clinical specimens and reference samples for the quality control of laboratory accuracy. Am J. Med. Technol. 1961; 27: 309
- Hoffmann R. G., Waid M. E. The number plus method of quality control of laboratory accuracy. Am J. Clin. Pathol. 1963; 40: 263
- Hoffmann R. G., Waid M. E. The average of normals method of quality control. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 43: 134
- Van Peenen H. J., Lindberg D. A. B. The limitations of laboratory quality control with reference to the “number plus” method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 44: 322
- Frankel S., Ahrlen R. C. An evaluation of the number plus method of quality control. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1967; 37: 248
- Kilgariff M., Owen J. A. An assessment of the “average of normals” quality control method. Clin. Chim. Acta 1968; 19: 175
- Amador E, Hsi B. P., Massod M. F. An evaluation of the “average of normals” and related methods of quality control. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1968; 50: 369
- Berry A. J., Lott J. A., Grannis G. F. NADH preparations as they affect reliability of serum lactate dehydrogenase determinations. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1973; 19: 1255
- Lindberg D. A., Van Peenen H. J., Couch R. Patterns in clinical chemistry. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 44: 315
- Lindberg D. A., Van Peenen H. J. The meaning of quality control with multiple chemical analysis. Automation in Analytical Chemistry, L. T. Skeggs, Jr. Mediad, New York 1966; 433
- Ladenson J. H. Patients as their own controls: use of the computer to identify “laboratory error,”. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1975; 21: 1648
- Youden W. J. Statistics in the Clinical Laboratory. presented at the meeting of the American Association of Clinical Chemists. Boston 1964, (quoted in Reference 36)
- Barnett R. N., Pinto C. L. Evaluation of a system for precision control in the clinical laboratory. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1967; 37: 243
- Radin N. What is a standard?. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1967; 13: 55
- Skendzel L. P., Youden W. J. A graphic display of inter-laboratory test results. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1969; 51: 161
- Tonks D. B. A quality control program for quantitative clinical chemistry estimations. Can. J. Med. Technol. 1968; 30: 38
- Grannis G. F., Gruemer H. D., Lott J. A., Edison J. A., McCabe W. C. Proficiency evaluation of clinical chemistry laboratories. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1972; 18: 222
- Grannis G. F. Inter-laboratory survey of enzyme analyses: preliminary studies. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1976; 66: 206
- Bayse D. D. Proficiency testing and consensus evaluation. Med. Instrum. (Baltimore) 1974; 8: 49
- Bowers G. N., Jr., Burnett R. W., McComb R. B. Preparation and use of human serum control materials for monitoring precision in clinical chemistry. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1975; 21: 1830
- Grannis G. F., Miller W. G. On the design of clinical chemistry quality control sera. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1976; 22: 500
- Grannis G. F. Studies of the reliability of constituent target values established in a large interlaboratory survey. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1976; 22: 1026
- Vikelsoe J., Bechgaard E., Magid E. A procedure for the evaluation of precision and accuracy of analytical methods. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1974; 34: 149
- Sunderman F. W. The origin of proficiency testing for clinical laboratories in the United States. Proc. 2nd Natl. Conf. Proficiency Testing. Information Services, Bethesda, Md. 1975; 6
- Dorsey D. B. The evolution of proficiency testing in the U.S.A. Proc. 2nd Natl. Conf. Proficiency Testing. Information Services, Bethesda, Md. 1975; 8
- Truby C. P. The perspective (on proficiency testing) of the American Association of Bioanalysts. Proc. 2nd Natl. Conf. Proficiency Testing. Information Services, Bethesda, Md. 1975; 13
- Gilbert R. K. The perspective (on proficiency testing) of the College of American Pathologists. Proc. 2nd Natl. Conf. Proficiency Testing. Information Services, Bethesda, Md. 1975; 15
- Lawson N. S., Haven G. T. The role of regional quality control programs in the practice of laboratory medicine in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1976; 66: 286
- Ross J. W., Fraser M. D. The effect of analyte and analyte concentration upon precision estimates in clinical chemistry. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1976; 66: 193
- Boutwell J. H., Jr. The perspective (on Proficiency Testing) of the Center for Disease Control. Proc. 2nd Natl. Conf. Proficiency Testing. Information Services, Bethesda, Md. 1975; 17
- Lewis D. S. Proficiency Testing Summary Analysis; Clinical Chemistry 1975. II. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta 1976
- Guide to Proficiency Testing. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta 1972; 3
- Survey Manual. College of American Pathologists, Skokie, Ill 1975
- Gilbert R. K. Survey Data '74: Chemistry. College of American Pathologists, Skokie, Ill. 1975
- Gilbert R. K. Progress and analytic goals in clinical chemistry. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1975; 64: 960
- Gochman N. NCCLS and voluntary consensus standards for the clinical laboratory. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1975; 21: 1531
- Cali J. P. Rationale for reference methods. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1975; 21: 932
- Medicare Regulations No. 5, Subpart M. Social Security Administration, Washington, D.C. 1975
- Javits J. Clinical laboratories improvement act of 1975. Congressional Record. May 14, 1975; S8079
- Gilbert R. K. A comparison of participant mean values of duplicate specimens in the CAP chemistry survey program. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1976; 66: 184
- Gilbert R. K. The accuracy of calcium analysis in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1975; 64: 974
- Lott J. A., Mercier J. E., Durham B. W. Solution of a vexing problem with the automated alkaline ferricyanide method for glucose. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C) 1973; 19: 670
- Tonks D. B. A study of the accuracy and precision of clinical chemistry determinations in 170 Canadian laboratories. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1963; 9: 217
- Cotlove E., Harris E. K., Williams G. Z. Biological and analytical components of variation in long-term studies of serum constituents in normal subjects. III. Physiological and medical implications. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1970; 16: 1028
- Winkel P., Statland B. E., Bokelund H. Factors contributing to intra-individual variation of serum constituents. Short-term, day-to-day, and within-hour variation of serum constituents in healthy subjects. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1974; 20: 1520
- Cresswell M. A. How useful is the clinical chemistry laboratory?. Lab-Lore 1975; 6: 353