The Value of the Amylase/Creatinine Clearance Ratio in the Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis

References

• Levitt M. D., Rapoport M., Cooperband S. R. The renal clearance of amylase in renal insufficiency, acute pancreatitis, and macroamylasemia. Ann. Intern Med. 1969; 71: 919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowlessar O. D. Diseases of the pancreas. Textbook of Medicine, P. B. Beeson, W. McDermott. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1975; 1243
   Google Scholar
• Read G., Braganza J. M., Howatt H. T. Pancreatitis – a retrospective study. Gut 1976; 17: 945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacey P. E., Kissane J. M. Pancreas and diabetes mellitus. Pathology, W. A. D. Anderson. C. V. Mosby, St Louis 1971; 1280
   Google Scholar
• Hanson J. H. C., Rifkind K. M., Roses D. F., Fink S. D., Eng K., Localio S. A. Objective early identification of severe acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol 1974; 61: 443
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron J. L., Crisler C., Margolis S., DeMeester T. R., Zuidema G. D. Acute pancreatitis with hyperlipemia. Surgery 1971; 70: 53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron J. L., Capuzzi D. M., Zuidema O. D., Margolis S. Acute pancreatitis with hyperlipemia: the incidence of lipid abnormalities in acute pancreatitis. Ann. Surg. 1973; 177: 483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesser P. B., Warshaw A. L. Diagnosis of pancreatitis masked hyperlipemia. Ann. Intern. Med. 1975; 82: 795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallat R. W., Vester J. W., Glueck C. J. Supression of amylase activity by hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1973; 225: 1331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishkin S., O'Hashi J., Schneider P. Letter. JAMA 1974; 228: 568
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warshaw A. L., Bellini B. S., Lesser P. B. Inhibition of serum and urine amylase activity in pancreatitis with hyperlipemia. Ann. Surg. 1975; 182: 72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson L. A., McIntosh W. A cause of misleading serum amylase concentrations in acute pancreatitis. Scott. Med. J. 1977; 22: 151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nardi O. L., Lees C. W. Serum trypsin, a new diagnostic test for pancreatic disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1958; 258: 797
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tietz N. W., Borden T., Stepleton J. D. An improved method for the determination of lipase in serum. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1959; 31: 148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kachmar J. F., Moss D. W. Enzymes. Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, N. W. Tietz. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1976; 625
   Google Scholar
• Salt W. B., Schenker S. Amylase – its clinical significance: a review of the literature. Medicine 1976; 55: 269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeler M. F., Wu W. T. Laboratory evaluation of pancreatic disorders. Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods, I. Davidsohn, J. B. Henry. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1974; 870
   Google Scholar
• Heifetz C. J., Probstein J. O., Gray S. H. Clinical studies on blood diastase. II. Significance of increased blood diastase. Arch. Intern. Med. 1941; 61: 819
   Google Scholar
• Probstein J. O., Wheeler P. A., Gray S. H. Perforated peptic ulcer, its differentiation from acute pancreatitis by blood diastase determination. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1939; 24: 449
   Google Scholar
• Malinowski T. S. Clinical value of serum amylase determination. JAMA 1952; 149: 1380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard A. R., Crisdone J. R., Mover C. A. The pathologic significance of the serum amylase concentration. Arch. Surg. (Chicago) 1959; 79: 311
   Google Scholar
• Janowitz H. D., Dreiling D. A. The plasma amylase; source, regulation and diagnostic significance. Am. J. Med. 1959; 27: 924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abruzzo J. L., Homa M., Houck J. C., Coffey R. J. Significance of the serum amylase determination. Ann. Surg. 1958; 147: 921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott D. W., Williams R. D. A re-evaluation of serum amylase determinations. Arch. Surg. (Chicago) 1961; 83: 146
   Google Scholar
• Adams J. T., Libertino J. A., Schwartz S. I. Significance of an elevated serum amylase. Surgery 1968; 63: 877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyr N. E. Tests of exocrine pancreatic function. Curr. Probl. Clin. Biochem. 1975; 5: 11
   Google Scholar
• Dozzi D. L. Urinary amylase: its estimation and significance. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 1940; 7: 123
   Google Scholar
• Saxon E. I., Hinkley W. C., Vogel W. C., Zieve L. Comparative value of serum and urinary amylase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 1957; 99: 607
   Google Scholar
• Gambill E. E., Mason H. L. One-hour value for urinary amylase in 96 patients with pancreatitis. JAMA 1963; 186: 24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachar L. A. A simplified laboratory test for acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1952; 22: 1117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warshaw A. L., Fuller A. F. Specificity of increased renal clearance of amylase in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshaw A. L., Fuller A. F. Letter. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 922
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vestergaard P., Leverett R. Constancy of urinary creatinine excretion. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1958; 51: 211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes G. B., Bruining G. J. Urinary creatinine excretion and lean body mass. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1976; 29: 1359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson N. Relative constancy of 24-hour urine volume and 24-hour creatinine output. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1967; 18: 57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosier R. P. Letter. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 922
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calkins W. G. A study of urinary amylase excretion in patients with acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1968; 49: 415
   Google Scholar
• McGeachin R. L., Hargan L. A. Renal clearance of amylase in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 1956; 9: 129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blainey J. D., Northam B. E. Amylase excretion by the human kidney. Clin. Sci. 1967; 32: 377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeachin R. L., Hargan L. A. Amylase clearance and excretion during water diuresis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1957; 95: 341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duane W. C., Frerichs R., Levitt M. D. Distribution, turnover, and mechanism of renal excretion of amylase in the baboon. J. Clin. Invest. 1971; 50: 156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonebeck J., Soderberg M. Serum amylase in renal failure. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. 1971; 5: 257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gross J. B., Parkin T. W., Maher F. T., Power M. H. Serum amylase and lipase values in renal and extrarenal azotemia. Gastroenterology 1960; 39: 76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pederson E. B., Brock A., Kornerup H. J. Serum amylase activity and renal amylase activity clearance in patients with severely impaired renal function and in patients treated with renal allotransplantation. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1976; 36: 137
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noda A. Renal handling of amylase: evidence for reabsorption by stop-flow analysis. Metabolism 1972; 21: 351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksson A., Jacobson G. Influence of renal function on the urinary excretion of amylase. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1974; 33: 313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson S. G., Ellis C. J., Levitt M. D. Mechanism of increased renal clearance of amylase/creatinine in acute pancreatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1976; 295: 1214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshaw A. L. The kidney and changes in amylase clearance. Gastroenterology 1976; 71: 702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshaw A. L., Lee K. The mechanism of increased renal clearance of amylase in acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1976; 71: 368
   Google Scholar
• Berger G. M. B., Cowlin J., Turner T. J. Amylase: creatinine clearance ratio and urinary excretion of lysozyme in acute pancreatitis and acute duodenal perforation. S. Afr. Med., J. 1976; 50: 1559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson G. Letter. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 923
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson P. A., Ervin P., Bergaard I. Differentiation of glomerular, tubular, and normal proteinuria: determinations of urinary excretion of beta2 - microglobulin, albumin, and total protein. J. Clin. Invest. 1969; 48: 1189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long W. B., Grider J. R. Amylase isoenzyme clearances in normal subjects and in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1976; 71: 589
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thal A. P., Kobold E. E., Hollenberg M. J. The release of vasoactive substances in acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Surg. 1963; 105: 708
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson A. G. Kinins in acute pancreatitis. The Exocrine Pancreas, I. T. Beck, D. C. Sinclair. Williams & WiIkins, Baltimore 1971; 131
   Google Scholar
• Barraclough M. A., Mills I. H. Effect of bradykinin on renal function. Clin. Sci. 1965; 28: 69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwann H. C., Anderson M. C., Gramatica L. A study of pancreatic enzymes as a factor in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation during acute pancreatitis. Surgery 1971; 69: 663
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dreling D. A., Blum L., Sanders M. Thrombophlebitis, blood coagulation, and pancreatic disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 1955; 96: 490
   Google Scholar
• Shinowara G. Y., Stutman L. J., Walters M. I., Ruth M. E., Walker E. J. Hypercoagulability in acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Surg. 1963; 195: 714
   Google Scholar
• Werner M. H., Hayes D. F., Lucas C. E., Rosenberg I. K. Renal vasoconstriction in association with acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Surg. 1974; 127: 185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabryelewicz A., Niewiarowski S. Activation of blood clotting and inhibition of fibrinolysis in acute pancreatitis. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 1968; 20: 409
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frey C. F. Pathogenesis of nitrogen retention in pancreatitis. Am. J. Surg. 1965; 109: 747
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giacobino J. P., Simon G. T. Experimental glomerulonephritis induced by minimal doses of trypsin. Arch. Pathol. 1971; 91: 193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simon G. T., Giacobino J. P. Pathogenesis of glomerular lesions in acute pancreatitis. Lancet 1970; 2: 669
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta R. K. Immunohistochemical study of glomerular lesions in acute pancreatitis. Arch. Pathol. 1971; 92: 267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beisel W. R., Hemdon E. G., Myers J. E., Stones L. Acute renal failure as a complication of acute pancreatitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 1959; 104: 539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein D. A., Llach F., Massry S. G. Acute renal failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 1976; 136: 1363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine R. I., Glauser F. L., Berk J. E. Enhancement of the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio in disorders other than acute pancreatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreiling D. A., Leichtling J. J., Janowitz H. D. The amylase-creatinine clearance ratio. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1974; 61: 290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester P. B., Warthaw A. L. Differentiation of pancreatitis from common bile duct obstruction with hypera-mylasemia. Gastroenterology 1975; 68: 636
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warshaw A. L., Lesser P. B. Amylase clearance in differentiating acute pancreatitis from peptic ulcer with hyperamylasemia. Ann. Surg. 1975; 181: 314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton W. J., Tedesco F. J., Harter H. R., Alpers D. H. Serum amylase determinations and amylase to creatinine clearance ratios in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Gastroenterology 1976; 71: 594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffer C. F., Burke J. F., Besareb A., Lasker N., Simenhoff M. L. Amylase/creatinine clearance fraction in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1977; 86: 64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donaldson L. A., McIntosh W., Joffe S. N. Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio after biliary surgery. Gut 1977; 18: 16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brohee D., Delcourt A., Wettendorff P. Letter. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Traverso L. W., Ferrari B. T., Buckberg G. D., Tompkins R. K. Elevated postoperative renal clearance of amylase without pancreatitis after cariopulmonary bypass. Am. J. Surg. 1977; 133: 298
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levitt M. D., Johnson S. G., Ellis C. J., Engel R. Influence of amylase assay technique on renal clearance of amylase-creatinine ratio. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 1260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Visner M. S. Letter. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 922
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulhausen R., Brown D. C., Onstad G. Renal clearance of amylase during pancreatitis. Metabolism 1969; 18: 669
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wedeen R. P., Samuels A. J. Letter. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 292: 923
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watkins P. J. The effect of ketone bodies on the determination of creatinine. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1967; 18: 191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durr H. K., Bode Ch J., Lankisch P. G., Koop H. Letter. N. Engl. J. Med. 1977; 296: 635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bode Ch J., Bindrich D., Durr H. K. The frequency of macroamylasemia and the diagnostic value of the ratio amylase clearance/creatinine clearance in patients with elevated serum amylase levels. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 1976; 41: 74
   Google Scholar