174
Views
68
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Binding of Bilirubin to Albumin

&
Pages 307-399 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008

References

  • Lester R., Behrman R. E., Lucey J. F. Transfer of bilirubin-C14 across monkey placenta. Pediatrics 1963; 32: 416
  • Schenker S., Dawber N. H., Schmid R. Bilirubin metabolism in the fetus. J. Clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 32
  • Bernstein R. B., Novy M. J., Piasecki G. J., Lester R., Jackson B. T. Bilirubin metabolism in the fetus. J. Clin. Invest. 1969; 48: 1678
  • Johnson L., Boggs T. R. Bilirubin-dependent brain damage. Phototherapy in the Newborn: an overview, G. B. Odell, R. Schaffer, A. P. Simopoulus. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C. 1974; 122
  • Scheidt P. C., Mellits E. D., Hardy J. B., Drage J. S., Boggs T. R. Toxicity to bilirubin in neonates: infant development during first year in relation to maximum neonatal serum bilirubin concentration. J. Pediatr. 1977; 91: 292
  • Fog J., Jellum G. Structure of bilirubin. Nature (London) 1963; 198: 88
  • Brodersen R., Flodgaard H., Hansen Krogh J. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in bilirubin. Acta Chew. Scand. 1967; 21: 2284
  • Nicholl A. W., Morell D. B. Tautomerism and hydrogen bonding in bilirubin and biliverdin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1969; 177: 599
  • Kuenzle C. C., Weibel M. H., Pelloni R. R. The reaction of bilirubin with diazomethane. Biochem. J. 1973; 133: 357
  • Bonnett R., Davies J. E., Hursthouse M. B. Structure of bilirubin. Nature (London) 1976; 262: 326
  • Bonnett R., Davies J. E., Hursthouse M. B., Sheldrick G. M. The structure of bilirubin. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 1978; 202: 249
  • Blondheim S. H., Lathorp D., Zabriskie J. Effect of light on the absorption spectrum of jaundiced serum. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1962; 60: 31
  • Blondheim S. H., Kaufmann N. A. The effect of light on the direct diazo reaction of unconjugated bilirubin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1965; 65: 659
  • McDonagh A. F. Phototherapy of neonatal jaundice. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1976; 4: 219
  • Lightner D. A., Park Y.-T. Synthesis, Photooxidation and Z E photoisomerization of benzalpyrrolinones. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1977; 14: 415
  • Pedersen A. O., Schønheyder F., Brodersen R. Photooxidation of human serum albumin and its complex with bilirubin. Eur. J. Biochem. 1977; 72: 213
  • Zenone E. A., Stoll M. S., Ostrow J. D. Mechanism of excretion of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) during phototherapy. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 1181
  • Ostrow J. D. Photocatabolism of labeled bilirubin in the congenitally jaundiced (Gunn) rat. J. Clin. Invest. 1971; 50: 707
  • Lund H. T., Jacobsen J. Influence of phototherapy on the biliary excretion pattern in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia. J. Pediatr. 1974; 85: 262
  • McDonagh A. F. Phototherapy and hyperbilirubinemia. Lancet 1975; 1: 339
  • McDonagh A. F. The role of singlet oxygen in bilirubin photooxidation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1971; 44: 1306
  • Brown S. Stereospecific haem cleavage. A model for the formation of bile-pigment isomers in vivo and, in vitro. Biochem. J. 1976; 159: 23
  • Blanckaert N., Fevery J., Compernolle F., Heirwegh K. P. M. Presence of bilirubin 1Xβ, γ and ó in bile of man and various animals. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: A-10/810
  • Blanckaert N., Heirwegh K. P. M., Compernolle F. Synthesis and separation by thin-layer chromatography of bilirubin-IX isomers. Their identification as tetrapyrroles and dipyrrol anthranilate azo derivatives. Biochem. J. 1976; 155: 405
  • Blumenthal S. G., Taggart D. B., Ikeda R. M., Ruebner B., Bergstrom D. E. Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubins in bile of humans and rhesus monkeys. Structure of adult human and rhesus-monkey bilirubins compared with dog bilirubins. Biochem. J. 1977; 167: 535
  • Heirwegh K. P. M., Blanckaert N., Compernolle F., Fevery J., Zaman Z. Detection and properties of the non-a-isomers of bilirubin-IX. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1977; 5: 316
  • McDonagh A. F., Assisi F. Commercial bilirubin: a trinity of isomers. FEBS Lett. 1971; 18: 315
  • McDonagh A. F., Assisi F. The ready isomerization of bilirubin IX-a in aqueous solution. Biochem. J. 1972; 129: 797
  • McDonagh A. F., Assisi F. Direct evidence for the acid-catalyzed isomeric scrambling of bilirubin IX-a. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1972; 117
  • Jansen P. L.M. The isomerization of bilirubin monoglucuronide. Clin. Chim. Acta 1973; 49: 233
  • Schmid R. Direct-reacting bilirubin, bilirubin diglucuronide, in serum, bile and urine. Science 1956; 124: 76
  • Talafant E. Properties and composition of bile pigment giving direct diazo reaction. Nature(London) 1956; 178: 312
  • Billing B. H., Cole P. G., Lathe G. H. The excretion of bilirubin as a diglucuronide giving the direct van den Bergh reaction. Biochem. J. 1957; 65: 774
  • van Roy E. P., Heirwegh K. P.M. Determination of bilirubin glucuronide and assay of glucuronyl transferase with bilirubin as acceptor. Biochem.J. 1968; 107: 507
  • Jansen F. H., Billing B. H. The identification of monoconjugates of bilirubin in bile as amide derivatives. Biochem.J. 1971; 125: 917
  • Jansen P. L. M., Chowdhury J. R., Fischberg E. B., Arias I. M. Enzymatic conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to diglucuronide by rat liver plasma membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 1977; 252: 2710
  • Compernolle F., Blanckaert N., Heirwegh K. P. M. The fate of bilirubin IX-o glucuronides in cholestatic bile: sequential migration of the 1-acylaglycone to the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions of glucuronic acid. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1977; 5: 317
  • Blanckaert N., Compernolle F., Leroy P., van Houtte R., Fevery J., Heirwegh K. P. M. The fate of bilirubin IX-o glucuronide in cholestasis and during storage in vitro. Biochem. J. 1978; 171: 203
  • Blanckaert N., Compernolle F., Heirwegh K. P. M., DeGroote J., Fevery J. Bile pigments in serum and urine of normals and in patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Digestion 1974; 10: 315
  • Compernolle F., van Hees G. P., Fevery J., Heirwegh K. P. M. Mass spectrometric structure elucidation of dog bile azopigments as the acyl glycosides of glucopyranose and xylopyranose. Biochem. J. 1971; 125: 811
  • Fevery J., Vijver M. V. D., Michiels R., Heirwegh K. P. M. Comparison in different species of biliary bilirubin IX-a conjugates with the activities of hepatic and renal bilirubin-IX α uridine diphasphate glucosyltransferase. Biochem. J. 1977; 164: 737
  • Kuenzle C. C. Bilirubin conjugates of human bile. Isolation of phenylazoderivatives of bile bilirubin. Biochem. J. 1970; 119: 387
  • Kuenzle C. C. Bilirubin conjugates of human bile. Nuclear-magnetic resonance, infrared and optical spectra of model compounds. Biochem. J. 1970; 119: 395
  • Kuenzle C. C. Bilirubin conjugates of human bile. The excretion of bilirubin as the acyl glycosides of aldobiuronic acid, pseudoaldobiuronic acid and hexuronosyl hexuronic acid, with a branched-chain hexuronic acid as one of the components of the hexuronosylhexuronide. Biochem. J. 1970; 119: 411
  • Brodersen R. Bilirubin diglucuronide in normal human blood serum. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1966; 18: 361
  • Brodersen R., Jacobsen J., Hertz H., Rebbe H., Sorensen B. Bilirubin conjugation in the human fetus. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1967; 26: 41
  • Overbeek J. T. G., Vink C. L., Deenstra H. The solubility of bilirubin. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1955; 74: 81
  • Lee J. J., Daly L. H., Cowger M. L. Bilirubin ion equilibria; their effects on spectra and on conformation. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 1974; 9: 763
  • von Norman J. D., Szentirmay R. Chemistry of bilirubin and biliverdin in N., N-dimethylform-amide. Anal. Chem. 1974; 46: 1456
  • von Norman J. D., Szentirmay R. Considerations concerning the formation of metal chelates of bilirubin: the zinc:bilirubin system. Bioinorg. Chem. 1974; 4: 37
  • Hansen P. E., Thiessen H., Brodersen R. Bilirubin acidity. Titrimetric and 13 C NMR studies. Acta Chem. Scand. 1979; B33: 281
  • Gray C. H., Kuiczycka A., Nicholson D. C. The chemistry of bile pigments. IV. Spectropho-tometric titration of the bile pigments. J. Chem. Soc. 1961; 442: 2276
  • Krasner J., Yaffe S. J. The automatic titration of bilirubin. Biochem. Med. 1973; 7: 128
  • Burnstine R. C., Schmid R. Solubility of bilirubin in aqueous solution. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1962; 109: 356
  • Brodersen R., Theilgaard J. Bilirubin colloid formation in neutral aqueous solution. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1969; 24: 395
  • Lee K. S., Gartner L. M. Spectrophotometric characteristics of bilirubin. Pediatr. Res. 1976; 10: 782
  • Brodersen R. Bilirubin solubility and interaction with albumin and phospholipid. J. Biol. Chem. 1979; 254: 2364
  • Varela-Fuentes B., Viana C. De la nature de la bilirubine ethero-extractible de quelque serum icteriques. C.R. Soc. Biol. 1933; 114: 789
  • Beck K., Kiihn H. A. Ueber das Aötherlo öslische Bilirubin. Klin. Wochenschr. 1956; 23/24: 630
  • Howe R. B., de Pinto S. T. Ether-soluble bilirubin. Medicine (Baltimore) 1966; 45: 523
  • Talafant E. Bile pigment-phospholipid interactions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1971; 231: 394
  • Mustafa G., King T. E. Binding of bilirubin with lipid. A possible mechanism of its toxic reaction in mitochondria. Biol. Chem. 1970; 25: 1084
  • Nagaoka S., Cowger M. L. Interaction of bilirubin with lipids studied by fluorescence quenching method. J. Biol. Chem. 1978; 253: 2005
  • Lou J., Birdi K. S. Interaction of bilirubin with human serum albumin and cationic detergents. Z. Naturforsch. 1973; 28: 511
  • Schmid R., Hammaker L. Metabolism and disposition of C14 bilirubin in congenital non-he-molytic jaundice. J. Clin. Invest. 1963; 42: 1720
  • Brodersen R. Localization of bilirubin pools in the non-jaundiced rat. Scand, J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 30: 95
  • Levi A. J., Gatmaitan Z., Arias I. M. Two hepatic cytoplasmatic protein fractions, Y and Z., and their possible role in the hepatic uptake of bilirubin, sulfobromophthalein, and other anions. J. Clin. Invest. 1969; 48: 2156
  • Fleischner G., Arias I. M. Recent advance in bilirubin formation, transport, metabolism and excretion. Am. J. Med 1970; 49: 576
  • Bhargava M. M., Listowsky I. M., Arias I. M. Ligandin. Bilirubin binding and glutathione-S-transferase activity are independent processes. Biol. Chem. 1978; 253: 4112
  • Jacobsen J. Studies of the affinity of human serum albumin for binding of bilirubin at different temperatures and ionic strength. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1977; 9: 235
  • Brodersen R. Free bilirubin in blood plasma of the newborn. Effects of albumin, fatty acids, pH, displacing drugs and phototherapy. Appendix: a provisional survey of the bilirubin-displacing effect of 150 drugs. Intensive Care in the Newborn, L. Stern. Masson, New York 1978; Vol. 2: 331
  • Brodersen R. Dimerisation of bilirubin anion in aqueous solution. Acta Chem. Scand. 1966; 20: 2895
  • Jirsa M., Šponar J. Zur Frage des Direkt und Indirekt Reagierenden Gallenfarbstoffes. Z. Gesamte Inn. Med. Ihre Grenzgeb. 1955; 10: 967
  • Jirsa M., Sedláçek B. Aggregation von Bilirubinteilchen im System Lösungsmittel—Failungs-mittel. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1956; 21: 1409
  • Jirsa M., Šponar J. Das Absorptionsspektrum, der physikalische Zustand und die Geschwin-digkeit der Diazoreaktion des Bilirubins. Z. Gesamte Inn. Med. Ihre Grenzgeb. 1956; 11: 519
  • Lee J. J., Cowger M. L. Comparative binding studies of bile pigments. Biliverdin binding with respect to bilirubin and mechanism of bilirubin binding to bovine serum albumin. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 1973; 6: 621
  • Lee J. J., Cowger M. L. Bilirubin-albumin binding and a possible mechanism of kernicterus. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 1974; 8: 327
  • Jacobsen J. Binding of bilirubin to human serum albumin. Determination of the dissociation constants. FEBS Lett. 1969; 5: 112
  • Brodersen R. Supersaturation with bilirubin followed by colloid formation and disposition, with a hypothesis on the etiology of kernicterus. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 29: 447
  • Lathe G. H. Exchange transfusion as a means of removing bilirubin in hemolytic disease of the newborn. Br. Med. J. 1955; 1: 192
  • Brown A. K., Zuelzer W. W., Robinson A. R. Studies in hyperbilirubinemia. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1957; 93: 274
  • Zuelzer W. W., Brown A. K. Neonatal jaundice. A review. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1961; 101: 87
  • Berk P. D., Howe R. B., Bloomer J. R., Berlin N. I. Studies of bilirubin kinetics in normal adults. J. Clin. Invest. 1969; 48: 2176
  • Berk P. D., Bloomer J. R., Howe R. B., Berlin N. I. Constitutional hepatitic dysfunction (Gilbert's syndrome). A new definition based on kinetic studies with unconjugated radiobilirubin. Am. J. Med. 1970; 49: 291
  • Diamond I., Schmid R. Experimental bilirubin encephalopathy. The mode of entry of bilirubin-14C into the central nervous system. J. Clin. Invest. 1966; 45: 678
  • Odell G. B. The distribution of bilirubin between albumin and mitochondria. J. Pediatr. 1966; 68: 164
  • Watson D. The absorption of bilirubin by erythrocytes. Clin. Chim. Acta 1962; 7: 733
  • Oski F. A., Naiman J. L. Red cell binding of bilirubin. J. Pediatr. 1963; 63: 1034
  • Bratlid D. Bilirubin binding by human erythrocytes. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 29: 91
  • Bratlid D. The effect of pH on bilirubin binding by human erythrocytes. Scand J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 29: 453
  • Wennberg R., Rasmussen L. F. Factors determining the cellular uptake of bilirubin. Pediatr. Res. 1978; 12: 536
  • Claireaux A. E., Cole P. G., Lathe G. H. Icterus of the brain in the newborn. Lancet 1953; 2: 1226
  • Schutta H. S., Johnson L. Bilirubin encephalopathy in the Gunn rat, a fine-structure study of the cerebral cortex. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1967; 26: 377
  • Virchow R. Die Pathologischen Pigmente. Virchows Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. 1847; 1: 379
  • Peters T. Serum albumin. The Plasma Proteins2nd ed., F. W. Putnam. Academic Press, New York 1975; Vol. 1: 133
  • Brown J. R. Structure of serum albumin: disulfide bridges. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1974; 33: 1389
  • Meloun B., Moravek L., Kostka V. Complete amino acid sequence of human serum albumin. FEBS Lett. 1975; 58: 134
  • Behrens P. Q., Spiekerman A. M., Brown J. R. Structure of human serum albumin. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1975; 34: 591
  • Brown J. R. Evolution of serum albumin. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1976; 35: 1621
  • Brown J. R. Structural origins of mammalian albumin. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1976; 35: 2141
  • McLachlan A. D., Walker J. E. Evolution of serum albumin. J. Mol. Biol. 1977; 112: 543
  • Rothschild M. A., Bauman A., Yalow R. S., Berson S. A. Tissue distribution of I131 labeled human serum albumin following intravenous administration. J. Clin. Invest. 1955; 34: 1354
  • Brown J. R. Structure of bovine serum albumin. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1975; 34: 591
  • Foster J. F. Plasma albumin. The Plasma Proteins, F. W. Putnam. Academic Press, New York 1960; 179
  • Brown J. R. (1978) Structure and evolution of serum albumin. Albumin, Structure, Biosynthesis, Function FEBS 11th Meeting, Copenhagen, 1977, T. Peters, I. Sjöholm. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1
  • McLachlan A. D., Walker J. E. Serum albumin domain secondary structure prediction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1978; 536: 106
  • Hsia J. C. Serum albumin structure and function—the allosteric domain model. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1978; 37: 852
  • Bloomfield V. The structure of bovine serum albumin at low pH. Biochemistry 1966; 5: 684
  • Anderson S. R., Weber G. Fluorescence polarization of the complex of 1-anilino-8-naphthal-enesulfonate with bovine serum albumin. Evidence for preferential orientation of the ligand. Biochemistry 1969; 8: 371
  • Sjöholm I., Ekman B., Kober A., Ljungstedt-Påhlman I., Seiving B., Sjödin T. Binding of drugs to human serum albumin. XI. The specificity of three binding sites as studied with albumin immobilized in microparticles. Mol. Pharmacol.
  • Brodersen R., Haugaard B. J., Jacobsen C., Pedersen A. O. Main-chain sorption of water by serum albumin. Acta Chem. Scand. 1973; 27: 573
  • Leonard W. J., Vijai K. K., Foster J. F. A structural transformation in bovine and human plasma albumins in alkaline solution as revealed by rotatory dispersion studies. J. Biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 1984
  • Harmsen B. J. M., DeBruin S. H., Janssen L. H. M., de Miranda Rodrigues J. F., Van Os G. A. J. pK change of imidazole groups in bovine serum albumin due to the conformational change at neutral pH. Biochemistry 1971; 10: 3217
  • Wallevik K. Reversible denaturation of human serum albumin by pH, temperature, and guanidine hydrochloride followed by optical rotation. J. Biol. Chem. 1973; 248: 2650
  • Jacobsen J., Faerch T. Thermodynamics and kinetics of the neutral transition of human serum albumin, monitored by the spectral change of bound bilirubin. 1979, submitted
  • Nikkei H. J., Foster J. F. A reversible sulfhydryl-catalyzed structural alteration of bovine mercaptalbumin. Biochemistry 1971; 10: 4479
  • Stroupe S. D., Foster J. F. Further studies of the sulfhydryl-catalyzed isomerization of bovine mercaptalbumin. Biochemistry 1973; 12: 3824
  • Zurawski V. R., Foster J. F. The neutral transition and the environment of the sulfhydryl side chain of bovine plasma albumin. Biochemistry 1974; 13: 3465
  • Wallevik K. Spontaneous in vivo isomerization of bovine serum albumin as a determinant of its normal catabolism. J. Clin. Invest. 1976; 57: 398
  • Bennhold H. Ueber die Funktion der Serumeiweisskörper im Tierischen Organismus. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Inn. Med. 1929; 41: 211
  • Bennhold H. Ueber die Vehikelfunktion der Serumeiweisskörper. Ergeb. Inn. Med. Kinderheilkd. 1932; 42: 273
  • Bennhold H. The transport of bilirubin in the circulating blood and its pathogenic importance, Acta. Med. Scand. 1966, Suppl., 445: 223
  • Hijmans van den Bergh A. A., Müller P. Ueber eine Direkte und Indirekte Diazoreaktion auf Bilirubin. Biochem. Z. 1916; 77: 90
  • Zuelzer W. W., Mudgett R. T. Kernicterus: etiology study based on an analysis of 55 cases. Pediatrics 1950; 6: 542
  • Küster F., Krings H. Blood destruction and cerebral damage in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Lancet 1950; 1: 979
  • Bowen W. R., Porter E., Waters W. J. The protective action of albumin in bilirubin toxicity in newborn puppies. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1959; 98: 568
  • Mustafa M. G., Cowger M. L., King T. E. Effects of bilirubin on mitochondrial reactions. J. Biol. Chem. 1969; 244: 6403
  • Silvermann W. A., Andersen D. H., Blanc W. A., Crozier D. N. A difference in mortality rate and incidence of kernicterus among premature infants allotted to two prophylactic antibacterial regimens. Pediatrics 1956; 18: 614
  • Odell G. B. The dissociation of bilirubin from albumin and its clinical implications. J. Pediatr. 1959; 55: 268
  • Johnson L., Sarmiento F., Blanc W. A., Day R. Kernicterus in rats with an inherited deficiency of glucuronyl transferase. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1959; 97: 591
  • Brodersen R., Funding L., Pedersen A. O., Røjgaard-Petersen H. Binding of bilirubin to low-affinity sites of human serum albumin in vitro followed by co-crystallization. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 29: 433
  • Ostrow J. D., Schmid R. The protein-binding of C14-bilirubin in human and murine serum. J. Clin. Invest. 1963; 42: 1286
  • Kaufmann N. A., Kapitulnik J., Blondheim S. H. The adsorption of bilirubin by Sephadex and its relationship to the criteria for exchange transfusion. Pediatrics 1969; 44: 543
  • Kučerova L., Jirsa M. (Effect of some methodological factors on the assessment of the binding of bilirubin to albumin by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25). Sb. Lek. 1969; 71: 114
  • Beaven G. H., d'Albis A., Gratzer W. B. The interaction of bilirubin with human serum albumin. Eur. J. Biochem. 1973; 33: 500
  • Chen R. F. The fluorescence of bilirubin-albumin complexes. Cell Biology, A. A. Thaer, M. Sernetz. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1973; 239
  • Reed R. G., Feldhoff R. C., Clute O. L., Peters T. Fragments of bovine serum albumin produced by limited proteolysis. Conformation and ligand binding. Biochemistry 1975; 14: 4578
  • Yamaji K. Interaction of bilirubin with albumin studied by gel filtration, peroxidase, and saturation index methods. Nagoya Shiatsu Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi 1975; 25: 344, Chem. Abstr. 83, 232, 1975
  • Gray R. D., Stroupe S. D. Kinetics and mechanism of bilirubin binding to human serum albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 1978; 253: 4370
  • Berde C. B., Hudson B. S., Simoni R. D., Sklar L. A. Human serum albumin: spectroscopic studies of binding and proximity relationships for fatty acid and bilirubin. J. Biol. Chem. 1979; 254: 391, (Correction of distances in the model by personal communication.) albumin—with general remarks on displacement of firmly bound ligands, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 37, 257, 1977
  • Nelson T., Jacobsen J., Wennberg R. P. Effect of pH on the interaction of bilirubin with albumin and tissue culture cells. Pediatr. Res. 1974; 8: 963
  • Krasner J., Giacoia G. P., Yaffe S. J. Drug-protein binding in the newborn infant. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1973; 226: 101
  • Jacobsen J., Brodersen R. The effect of pH on albumin-bilirubin affinity. Birth Defects. Orig. Artic. Ser. 1976; 12: 175
  • Wennberg R. P., Cowger M. L. Spectral characteristics of bilirubin-bovine albumin complexes. Clin. Chim. Acta 1973; 43: 55
  • Decker R., Foster J. F. Amphoteric behaviour of bovine plasma albumin and its detergent complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 1526
  • Woolley P. W., Hunter M. Binding and circular dichroism data on bilirubin-albumin in the presence of oleate and salicylate. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1970; 140: 197
  • Brodersen R., unpublished work, 1973 and 1976
  • Herskowitz T. T., Laskowski M. Location of chromophoric residues in proteins by solvent perturbation. J. Biol. Chem. 1962; 237: 2481
  • Blauer G., King T. B. Optical rotatory dispersion of bilirubin bound to bovine albumin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1968; 31: 678
  • Blauer G., King T. E. Interactions of bilirubin with bovine serum albumin in aqueous solution. J. Biol. Chem. 1970; 245: 372
  • Blauer G., Harmatz D. Optical properties of bilirubin-serum albumin complexes in aqueous solution. II. Effects of electrolytes and of concentration. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1972; 278: 89
  • Blauer G., Harmatz D., Snir J. Optical properties of bilirubin-serum albumin complexes in aqueous solution. I. Dependence on pH. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1972; 278: 68
  • Blauer G., Wagnière G. Conformation of bilirubin and of biliverdin in their complexes with serum albumin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975; 91: 1949
  • Weber G. Ligand binding and internal equilibria in proteins. Biochemistry 1972; 11: 864
  • Weber G. Energetics of ligand binding to proteins. Adv. Protein Chem. 1975; 29: 1
  • Brodersen R. Competitive binding of bilirubin and drugs to human serum albumin studied by enzymatic oxidation. J. Clin. Invest. 1974; 54: 1353
  • Chignell C. F., Vesell E. S., Starkweather D. K., Berlin C. M. The binding of sulfaphenazole to fetal, neonatal, and adult human plasma albumin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1971; 12: 897
  • Brodersen R., Danielsen C. C. Quantitative determination of the bilirubin-displacing effect of sulphonamides and other drugs. Les Colloques de I'Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale 1975; 49: 79
  • Brodersen R. Determination of the vacant amount of high-affinity bilirubin binding site on serum albumin. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1978; 42: 153
  • Brodersen R., Sjödin T., Sjöholm I. Independent binding of benzodiazepines and bilirubin to human serum albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 1977; 252: 5067
  • Brodersen R. Binding of two ligands to human serum albumin; competitive, independent, and cooperative interactions. 10th Int. Congr. Biochem. Brönners Druckerei, Breitenstein, KG. 1976, Abstr. 04–2-362, Frankfurt am Main
  • Reed R. Kinetics of bilirubin binding to bovine serum albumin and the effects of palmitate. J. Biol. Chem. 1977; 252: 7483
  • Starinsky R., Shafrir E. Displacement of albumin-bound bilirubin by fatty acids. Implications for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Clin. Chim. Acta 1970; 29: 311
  • Chan G., Schiff D., Stern L. Competitive binding of free fatty acids and bilirubin to albumin: differences in HBABA dye versus Sephadex G-25 interpretation of results. Clin. Biochem. 1971; 4: 208
  • Thiessen H., Jacobsen J., Brodersen R. Displacement of albumin-bound bilirubin by fatty acids. Acta Pediatr. Scand. 1972; 61: 285
  • Brodersen R. (1978) Binding of bilirubin and other ligands to human serum albumin. Albumin, Structure, Biosynthesis, Function, FEBS 11th Meeting, Copenhagen, 1977, T. Peters, I. Sjöholm. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 61
  • Rudman D., Bixler T. J., DelRio A. E. Effect of free fatty acids on binding of drugs by bovine serum albumin, by human serum albumin and by rabbit serum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1971; 176: 261
  • Geisow M. J., Beaven G. H. Large fragments of human serum albumin. Biochem. J. 1977; 161: 619
  • Sjödin T., Hansson R., Sjöholm I. Isolation and identification of a trypsin-resistant fragment of human serum albumin with bilirubin- and drug-binding properties. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1977; 494: 61
  • Jacobsen C. Covalent coupling of bilirubin to albumin. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1976; 8: 295
  • Jacobsen C. Lysine residue 240 of human serum albumin is involved in high-affinity binding of bilirubin. Biochem. J. 1978; 171: 453
  • Kuenzle C. C., Gitzelmann-Cumarasamy N., Wilson K. J. Affinity labeling of the primary bilirubin binding site of human serum albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 1976; 251: 801
  • Kuenzle C. C., Gitzelmann-Cumarasamy N., Wilson K. J. Mapping of the primary bilirubin binding site of human serum albumin. 11th FEBS Meeting. Copenhagen 1977, B9–3, 412, 1/2/3
  • Gitzelmann-Cumarasamy N., Kuenzle C. C., Wilson K. J. Mapping of the primary bilirubin binding site of human serum albumin. Experientia 1976; 32: 768
  • Walker J. E. Lysine 199 of human serum albumin is modified by acetylsalicylic acid. FEBS Lett. 1976; 66: 173
  • Jacobsen C. Chemical modification of the high-affinity bilirubin-binding site of human serum albumin. Eur. J. Biochem. 1972; 27: 513
  • Jacobsen C. Trinitrofenylation of the bilirubin binding site of human serum albumin. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1975; 7: 159
  • Jacobsen C., Jacobsen J. Dansylation of human serum albumin in the study of the primary binding sites of bilirubin and L-tryptophan. Biochem. J.
  • Faerch T., Jacobsen J. Determination of association and dissociation rate constants for bilirubin-bovine serum albumin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1975; 168: 351
  • Faerch T., Jacobsen J. Kinetics of the binding of bilirubin to human serum albumin studied by stopped-flow technique. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1977; 184: 282
  • Chen R. F. Fluorescence stopped-flow study of relaxation processes in the binding of bilirubin to serum albumin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1974; 160: 106
  • Sklar L. A., Hudson B. S., Simoni R. D. Conjugated polyene fatty acids as membrane probes: preliminary characterization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1975; 72: 1649
  • Heirwegh K. P. M., Fevery J., Meuwissen J. A. T. P., de Groote J., Compernolle F., Desmet V., van Roy F. P. Recent advances in the separation and analysis of diazo-positive bile pigments. Methods. Biochem. Anal. 1974; 22: 205
  • Malloy H. T., Evelyn K. A. The determination of bilirubin with the photoelectric colorimeter. J. Biol. Chem. 1937; 119: 481
  • Erust Z., Förster J. Ueber die Bestimmung des Blutbilirubins. Klin. Wochenschr. 1924; 3: 2386
  • Davidson L. T., Merritt K. K., Weech A. A. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1941; 61: 958
  • Mertz J. E., West C. D. A rapid method for the determination of indirect bilirubin. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1956; 91: 19
  • Jirsová V., Kirsa M., Koldovský O., Weirichová J. The use and possible diagnostic significance of Sephadex gel filtration of serum from icteric newborn. Biol. Neonat. 1967; 11: 204
  • Kapitulnik J., Valaes T., Kaufmann N. A., Blondheim S. H. Clinical evaluation of Sephadex gel filtration in estimation of bilirubin binding in serum in neonatal jaundice. Arch. Dis. Child. 1974; 49: 886
  • Brodersen R., Cashore W., Wennberg R. P., Ahlfors C. E., Rasmussen L. F., Shusterman D. Kinetics of bilirubin oxidation with peroxidase, as applied to studies of bilirubin-albumin binding. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1979; 39: 143
  • Cashore W. J., Brodersen R., Oh W. Effect of free fatty acids and of serum ultrafiltrates on bilirubin displacement in neonatal serum. Pediatr. Res. 1978; 12: 402
  • Hsia J. C., Kwan N. H., Er S. S., Wood D. J., Chance G. W. Development of a spin assay for reserve bilirubin loading capacity of human serum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1978; 75: 1542
  • Brodersen R., Andersen S., Jacobsen C., Sønderskov O., Larsen S., to be published
  • Ebbesen F., to be published
  • Harris R. C., Lucey J. F., Maclean J. R. Kernicterus in premature infants associated with low concentrations of bilirubin in plasma. Pediatrics 1958; 21: 875
  • Odell G. E. Studies in kernicterus. I. The protein binding of bilirubin. J. Clin. Invest. 1959; 38: 823
  • Priolisi A., Ziino L. Comparative analysis between the reserve albumin-binding capacity (HABA method) and the saturation index of hyperbilirubinemic sera. Biol. Neonat. 1971; 19: 258
  • Porter E. G., Waters W. J. A rapid micromethod for measuring the reserve albumin binding capacity in serum from newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1966; 67: 660
  • Odell G. B., Cohen S. N., Kelly P. C. Studies in kernicterus. II. The determination of the saturation of serum albumin with bilirubin. J. Pediatr. 1969; 74: 214
  • Odell G. B., Storey G. N. B., Rosenberg L. A. Studies in kernicterus. III. The saturation of serum proteins with bilirubin and its relationship to brain damage at five years. J. Pediatr. 1970; 76: 12
  • Lee K. S., Gartner L. M., Vaisman S. L. Measurement of bilirubin albumin binding. I. Comparative analysis of four methods and four human serum albumin preparations. Pediatr. Res. 1978; 12: 301
  • Lee K. S., Gartner L. M. Bilirubin binding by plasma proteins: a critical evaluation of methods and clinical implications. Rev. Perinat. Med. 1978; 2: 319
  • Cashore W. J., Gartner L. M., Oh W., Stern L. Clinical application of neonatal bilirubin binding determinations: current status. J. Pediatr. 1978; 93: 827
  • Stern L. Drug interactions. II. Drugs, the newborn infant, and the binding of bilirubin to albumin. Pediatrics 1972; 49: 916
  • Yeary R. A., Davis D. R. Protein binding of bilirubin: comparison of in vitro and in vivo measurements of bilirubin displacement by drugs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1974; 28: 269
  • Coassolo P., Briand C., Bourdeaux M., Sari J. C. Microcalorimetric method to determine competitive binding. Action of a psychotropic drug (dipotassium chlorazepate) on L-tryptophan-human serum albumin complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1978; 538: 512
  • Brodersen R., Bartels P. Enzymatic oxidation of bilirubin. Eur. J. Biochem. 1969; 10: 468
  • Jacobsen J., Wennberg R. P. Determination of unbound bilirubin in the serum of newborns. Clin. Chem., (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1974; 20: 78
  • Breckenridge A., Rosen A. The binding of chlorothiazide to plasma proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1971; 229: 610
  • Baer J. E., Leidy H. L., Brooks A. V., Bryer K. H. The physiological disposition of chlorothiazide (Diuril) in the dog. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1959; 125: 295
  • Wennberg R. P., Ahlfors C. E., Rasmussen L. F. The effect of diuretics on bilirubin-albumin binding. J. Pediatr. 1977; 90: 647
  • Brodersen R., Hansen P. Bilirubin displacing effect of stabilizers added to injectable preparations of human serum albumin. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1977; 66: 133
  • Rasmussen L. F., Ahlfors C. E., Wennberg R. P. The effect of paraben preservatives on albumin binding of bilirubin. J. Pediatr. 1976; 89: 475
  • Bratlid D. The effect of antimicrobial agents on bilirubin binding by human erythrocytes. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 30: 331
  • Wennberg R. P., Rasmussen L. F. Effects of gentamycin on albumin binding of bilirubin. J. Pediatr. 1975; 86: 611
  • Blanc W. A., Johnson L. Studies on kernicterus. Relationship with sulfonamide intoxication. Report on kernicterus in rats with glucuronyl transferase deficiency and review of pathogenesis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1959; 18: 165
  • Schutta H. S., Johnson L. Clinical signs of morphologic abnormalities in Gunn rats treated with sulfadimethoxine. J. Pediatr. 1969; 75: 1070
  • Schutta H. S., Johnson L. Electron microscopic observations on acute bilirubin encephalopathy in Gunn rats induced by sulfadimethoxine. Lab. Invest. 1971; 24: 82
  • Nathenson G., Cohen M. I., McNamara H. The effect of sodium benzoate on serum bilirubin of the Gunn rat. J. Pediatr. 1975; 86: 799
  • Hanefeld F., Ballowitz L. Flucloxacillin and bilirubin binding. Lancet 1976; 1: 433
  • Ballowitz L., Hanefeld F. Effect of drugs on infant Gunn rats under phototherapy. Birth Defects Org. Artic. Ser. 1976; 2/2: 61
  • Ballowitz L. Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by drugs. J. Pediatr. 1978; 92: 166
  • Ballowitz L., Schmid J., Siegert M., Steffen B. Effects of stabilizers in preparations of human serum albumin (HSA) on the serum bilirubin in Gunn rats, to be published
  • Wennberg R. P. Albumin binding of bilirubin: theoretical, experimental and clinical considerations. Proc. 13th Int. Congr. Pediatr. Vienna 1971; 311
  • Odell G. B. Influence of binding on the toxicity of bilirubin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1973; 226: 225
  • Odell G. B., Cukier J. O., Ostrea E. M., Maglalang A. C., Poland R. L. The influence of fatty acids on the binding of bilirubin to albumin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1977; 89: 295
  • Stern L., Denton R. L. Kernicterus in small premature infants. Pediatrics 1965; 35: 483
  • Silberberg D. H., Johnson L., Ritter L. Factors influencing toxicity of bilirubin in cerebellum tissue culture. J. Pediatr. 1970; 77: 386
  • Diamond L. K. A history of jaundice in the newborn. Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser. 1970; 6/2: 3
  • Hsia D. Y. -Y., Allen F. H., Gellis S. S., Diamond L. K. Erythroblastosis fetalis. VIII. Studies on serum bilirubin in relation to kernicterus. N. Engl. J. Med. 1952; 247: 668
  • Ackerman B. D., Dyer G. Y., Leydorf M. M. Hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus in small premature infants. Pediatrics 1970; 45: 913
  • Gartner L. M., Snyder R. N., Chabon R. S., Bernstein J. Kernicterus; high incidence in premature infants with low serum bilirubin concentrations. Pediatrics 1970; 45: 906
  • Lee K. S., Gartner L. M., Eidelman A. I., Ezhuthachan S. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in very low birth weight infants. Clin. Perinatol. 1977; 4: 305
  • Odell G. B. Meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Chicago, 1977, cited from Check, W., Recent findings aid in judging risk of damage from high bilirubin levels, JAMA, 238, 1119 and 1126, 1977
  • Cowger M. L. The effect of albumin in reversing bilirubin toxicity in tissue culture. 35th Annu. Meeting Soc. Pediatr. Res. Atlantic City, N.J. 1965
  • Cowger M. L. Mechanism of bilirubin toxicity on tissue culture cells: factors that affect toxicity, reversibility by albumin, and comparison with other respiratory poisons and surfactants. Biochem. Med. 1971; 5: 1
  • Schmid R., Diamond I., Hammaker L., Gundersen C. B. Interaction of bilirubin with albumin. Nature (London) 1965; 204: 1041
  • Sproul A., Smith L. Bilirubin equilibration during exchange transfusion in hemolytic disease of the newborn. J. Pediatr. 1964; 65: 12
  • Bloomer J. R., Berk P. D., Vergalla J., Berlin N. I. Influence of albumin on the hepatic uptake of unconjugated bilirubin. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 1973; 45: 505
  • Bloomer J. R., Berk P. D., Vergalla J., Berlin N. I. Influence of albumin on the extravascular distribution of unconjugated bilirubin. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 1973; 45: 517
  • Odell G. B., Cohen S. N., Gordes E. H. Administration of albumin in the management of hyperbilirubinemia by exchange transfusion. Pediatrics 1962; 30: 613
  • Koch F., Rind H. Beeinflussung des Bilirubinspiegels bei Neugeborenen durch Albumingabe. Klin. Wochenschr. 1962; 40: 1077
  • Kitchen W. H., Krieger V. S., Smith M. A. Human albumin in exchange transfusion. J. Pediatr. 1960; 57: 876
  • Koch F., Rind H. Ueber die Verbesserung der Erfolge der Austauschtransfusion durch die Pramedikation von Albumin. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 1965; 90: 1358
  • Hansen J. Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium. 1977, personal communication
  • Rugstad H. E., Bratlid D. The effect of sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) and albumin on bilirubin conjugation in cultures of a clonal cell line with liver-like functions. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1974; 23: 1432
  • Kantor H. J., Sutherland D. A., Leonard J. T., Kamholz J. H., Fry N. D., White W. L. Effect on bilirubin metabolism in the newborn of sulfisoxazole administered to the mother. Obstet. Gynecol. 1961; 17: 494
  • Thaler M. M., Schmid R. Drugs and bilirubin. Pediatrics 1971; 47: 807
  • Gartner L. M., Lee K. S. Bilirubin binding, free fatty acids and a new concept for the pathogenesis of kernicterus. Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser. 1976; 12/2: 264
  • Vingard L. B., Øie S., Levi G. Effect of bilirubin on the distribution, elimination and anticoagulant action of dicumarol in Gunn rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1975; 148: 397
  • Gallin J. I., Kaye D., O'Leary W. M. Serum lipids in infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 1969; 281: 1081
  • Zamet P., Chunga F. Separation by gel filtration and microdetermination of unbound bilirubin. II. Study of sera in icteric newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1971; 60: 33
  • Kapitulnik J., Horner-Mibishan R., Blondheim S. H., Kaufmann N. A., Russell A. Increase of bilirubin binding affinity of serum with age of infant. J. Pediatr. 1975; 86: 442
  • Wennberg R., Lau M., Rasmussen L. F. Clinical significance of unbound bilirubin. Pediatr. Res. 1976; 10: 434
  • Heird W. C., Driscoll J. M. Use of intravenously administered lipid in neonates. Pediatrics 1975; 56: 5
  • Andrew G., Chan G., Schiff D. Lipid metabolism in the neonate, I. The effects of Intralipid infusion on plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations in the neonate. J. Pediatr. 1976; 88: 273
  • Andrew G., Chan G., Schiff D. Lipid metabolism in the neonate. II. The effect of Intralipid on bilirubin binding in vitro and in vivo. J. Pediatr. 1976; 88: 279
  • Thaler M. M., Wennberg R. P. Influence of intravenous nutrients on bilirubin transport. II. Emulsified lipid solutions. Pediatr. Res. 1977; 11: 167
  • Cremer R. J., Perryman P. W., Richards D. H. Influence of light on the hyperbilirubinemia of infants. Lancet 1958; 1: 1094
  • Odell G. B., Brown R. S., Holtzman N. A. Dye-sensitized photooxidation of albumin associated with a decreased capacity for protein-binding of bilirubin. Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser. 1970; 6/2: 31
  • Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Long-term Implications, A. K. Brown, J. Showacre. Publication No. (NIH) 76–1075, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D. C. 1976
  • Lucey J. F., Hewitt J. Recent observations on light and neonatal jaundice. Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Long-Term Implications, A. K. Brown, J. Showacre. Publication No. (NIH) 76–1075, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D. C. 1976; 123
  • Hagberg B., Hagberg G., Olow I. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954—1970. I. Analysis of the general changes. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1975; 64: 187
  • Hagberg B., Hagberg G., Olow I. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954—1970. II. Analysis of the various syndromes. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1975; 64: 193
  • Stewart A. L., Reynolds E. O. R. Improved prognosis for infants of very low birthweight. Pediatrics 1974; 54: 724
  • Johnson L., Boggs T. R. Failure of exchange transfusion to prevent minimal cerebral damage when employed so as to maintain serum bilirubin concentrations below 18 and 20 mg/100 ml. Pediatr. Res. 1970; 4: 481

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.