Urinary Nucleosides in Leukemia: Laboratory and Clinical Applications

References

• Nowell P. C. The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Acquired genetic lability permits stepwise selection of variant sublines and underlies tumor progression. Science 1976; 194: 23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang-Peng J., Canellos G. P., Carbone P. P., Tjio J. H. Clinical implications of cytogenetic variants in chronic myelocytic leukemia. Blood 1968; 32: 775
   Google Scholar
• Sakurai M., Hayata I., Sandberg A. A. Prognostic value of chromosomal findings in Ph-1 positive chronic myleocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1976; 36: 313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testa J. R., Misawa S., Oguma N., Sloten K. V., Wiernik P. H. Chromosomal alterations in acute leukemia patients studied with improved culture methods. Cancer Res. 1985; 45: 430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunis J. J., Bloomfield C. D., Ensrud K. All patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia may have a chromosomal defect. N. Engl. J. Med. 1981; 305: 135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juliusson G., Robert K. H., Ost A., Friberg K., Biberfeld P., Nilsson B., Zech L., Gahrton G. Prognostic information from cytogenetic analysis in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia and leukemic immunocytoma. Blood 1985; 65: 134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueshima Y., Rowley J. D., Variakojis D., Winter J., Gordon L. Cytogenetic studies on patients with chronic T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 1984; 63: 1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittman S., Catovsky D. Prognostic significance of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1984; 58: 649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hun T., Ozer H., Sadamori N., Emrich L., Gomez G. A., Henderson E. S., Bloom J. L., Sandberg A. A. Prognostic importance of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1984; 310: 288
   Google Scholar
• Rowely J. D. Principles of cancer biology: chromosomal abnormalities. Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology, V. T. DeVita, S. Hellman, S. A. Rosenberg. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1985; 67
   Google Scholar
• Beran M., Reizenstein P., Uden A. M. Response to treatment in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: prognostic value of colony forming and colony stimulating capacities of bone marrow and blood cells compared to other parameters. Br. J. Haematol 1980; 44: 39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt J., Reaman G., Poplack D. G. Biochemical markers in lymphoid malignancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1980; 303: 918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldini L., Mozzana R., Cortelezzi A., Neri A., Radaelli F., Cesana B., Maiolo A. T., Polli E. E. Prognostic significance of immunoglobulin phenotype in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1985; 65: 340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale R. P., Foon K. A. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - recent advances in biology and treatment. Ann. Intern. Med. 1985; 103: 101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiel E., Rodt H., Huhn D., Netzel B., Grosse-Wilde H., Ganeshaguru K., Thierfelder S. Multimarker classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: evidence for further T subgroups and evaluation of their clinical significance. Blood 1980; 56: 759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjergaard J. P., Philip P., Mortensen B. T., Ersboll J., Jensen G., Panduro J., Thomsen M. Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, pre-leukemias, and acute myeloproliferative syndrome secondary to treatment of other malignant diseases. Clinical and cytogenetic characteristics and results of in vitro culture of bone marrow and HLA typing. Blood 1981; 57: 712
   Google Scholar
• Browman G., Goldberg J., Gottlieb A. J., Preisler H. D., Azarnia N., Priore R. L., Brennan J. K., Vogler W. R., Winton E. F., Miller K. B., Grunwald H. The clonogenic assay as a reproducible in vitro system to study predictive parameters of treatment outcome in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 1983; 15: 227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park C. H., Wiernik P. H., Morrison F. S., Amare M., Sloten K. V., Maloney T. R. Clinical correlations of leukemic clonogenic cell chemosensitivity assessed by in vitro continuous exposure to drugs. Cancer Res. 1983; 43: 2346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grever M. R., Coleman M. S., Balcerzak S. P. Adenosine deaminase and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: biochemical markers in the management of chronic myleogenous leukemia. Cancer Res. 1983; 43: 1442
   Google Scholar
• Bradstock K. F., Tidman N., Ashley J., Hoffbrand A. V., Janossy G. (1981) Monitoring of residual leukaemic blasts in treated thymic acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia Markers, Proc. Leukemia Marker Conf. 1981, W. Knapp. Academic Press, London, 485
   Google Scholar
• Yü T. F., Weissman B., Sharney L., Kupfer S., Gutman A. B. On the biosynthesis of uric acid from glycine-N15 in primary and secondary polycythemia. Am. J. Med. 1956; 21: 901
   Google Scholar
• Weissman B., Bromberg P. A., Gutman A. B. The urine bases of human urine. II. Semiquantitative estimation and isotope incorporation. J. Biol. Chem. 1957; 224: 423
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams W. S., Davis F., Nakatani M. Purine and pyrimidine excretion in normal and leukemic subjects. Am. J. Med. 1960; 28: 726
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park R. W., Holland J. F., Jenkins A. Urinary purines in leukemia. Cancer Res. 1962; 22: 469
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mandel L. R., Borek E. The biosynthesis of methylated bases in ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1963; 2: 555
   Google Scholar
• Mandel L. R., Srinivasan P. R., Borek E. Origin of urinary methylated purines. Nature (London) 1966; 209: 586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borek E., Kerr S. J. Atypical transfer RNA's and their origin in neoplastic cells. Adv. Cancer Res. 1972; 15: 163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waalkes T. P., Dinsmore S. R., Mrochek J. E. Urinary excretion by cancer patients of the nucleosides N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, 1-methylinosine, and pseudouridine. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 1973; 51: 271
   Google Scholar
• Waalkes T. P., Gehrke C. W., Zumwalt R. W., Chang W. Y., Lakings D. B., Tormey D. C, Ahmann D. L., Moertel C. G. The urinary excretion of nucleosides of ribonucleic acid by patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 1975; 36: 390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waalkes T. P., Borek E. The biochemical assessment of the malignant status in man: aspects related to tRNA modification. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. 1975; 15, Ser., No. 375
   Google Scholar
• Schöch G., Heller-Schöch G. Molekularbiologie und Klinische bedeutung des Stoffwechsels normaler und modifizierter Nucleobasen. Helv. Paediatr. Acta Suppl. 1977; 38: 1
   Google Scholar
• Borek E., Sharma O. K., Waalkes T. P. New applications of urinary nucleoside markers. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1983; 84: 301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borek E., Waalkes T. P., Gehrke C. W. Tumor markers derived from nucleic acid components. Cancer Detect. Prev. 1983; 6: 67
   Google Scholar
• Salvatore F., Colonna A., Costanzo F., Russo T., Esposito F., Cimino F. Modified nucleosides in body fluids of tumor-bearing patients. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1983; 84: 360
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma O. K., Waalkes T. P., Gehrke C. W., Borek E. Applications of urinary nucleosides in cancer diagnosis and cancer management. Cancer Detect. Prev. 1983; 6: 77
   Google Scholar
• Trewyn R. W., Heldman D. A., Grever M. R. Clinical application of urinary nucleosides in cancer. Cancer Bull. 1985; 37: 82
   Google Scholar
• Borek E., Baliga B. S., Gehrke C. W., Kuo K. C., Belman S., Troll W., Waalkes T. P. High turnover rate of transfer RNA in tumor tissue. Cancer Res. 1977; 37: 3362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuchino Y., Borek E. Tumor-specific phenylalanine tRNA contains two supernumerary methylated bases. Nature (London) 1978; 271: 126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scavennec J., Cailla H., Gastaut J.-A., Maraninchi D., Carcassonne Y. 2′ And 3′ ribonucleoside monophosphate in leukocytes of acute myleoid leukemia: markers for early diagnosis of relapse. Int. J. Cancer 1982; 29: 257
   Google Scholar
• Scavennec J., Maraninchi D., Gastaug J.-A., Carcassonne Y., Cailla H. L. Purine and pyrimidine ribnucleoside monophosphate patterns of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells in human acute leukemias. Cancer Res. 1982; 42: 1326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomale J., Nass G. Elevated urinary excretion of RNA catabolites as an early signal of tumor development in mice. Cancer Lett. 1982; 15: 149
   Google Scholar
• Thomale H., Nass G. Increasing urinary levels of modified nucleosides and bases during tumor development in mice. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1983; 84: 378
   Google Scholar
• Thomale J., Luz A., Nass G. Increased urinary levels of RNA catabolites in mice as early indicators for malignant growth. Cancer Detect. Prev. 1983; 6: 73
   Google Scholar
• Thomale J., Luz A., Nass G. Excretion of modified nucleosides during development of malignant lympohomas in mice after whole body irradiation. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1984; 108: 302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chheda G. B., Millelman A., Grace J. T. Nucleosides in human urine. I. Isolation and identification of N2-dimethylguanosine, 1-methylinosine, and N2-methylguanosine from human urine. J. Pharm. Sci. 1969; 58: 75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mrochek J. E., Dinsmore S. R., Waalkes T. P. Analytic techniques in the separation and identification of specific purine and pyrimidine degradation products of tRNA: application to urine samples from cancer patients. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1974; 53: 1553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gehrke C. W., Kuo K. C, Waalkes T. P., Borek E. Patterns of urinary excretion of modified nucleosides. Cancer Res. 1979; 39: 1150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uziel M., Smith L. H., Taylor S. A. Modified nucleosides in urine: selective removal and analysis. Clin. Chem. 1976; 22: 1451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehrke C. W., Kuo K. C, Davis G. E., Suits R. D., Waalkes T. P., Borek E. Quantitative high performance liquid chromatography of nucleosides in biological materials. J. Chromatogr. 1978; 150: 455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöch G., Thomale J., Lorenz H., Suberg H., Karsten U. A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography. Clin. Chim. Acta 1980; 108: 247
   Google Scholar
• Gehrke C. W., Kuo K. C, Zumwalt R. W. Chromatography of nucleosides. J. Chromatogr. 1980; 188: 129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartwick R. A., Krstulovic A. M., Brown P. R. Identification and quantitation of nucleosides, bases and other UV-absorbing compounds in serum, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. II. Evaluation of human sera. J. Chromatogr. 1979; 186: 659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trewyn R. W., Glaser R., Kelly D. R., Jackson D. G., Graham W. P., III, Speicher C. E. Elevated nucleoside excretion by patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: preliminary diagnostic/ prognostic evaluations. Cancer 1982; 49: 2513
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colonna A., Russo T., Esposito F., Salvatore F., Cimino G. Determination of pseudouridine and other nucleosides in human blood serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 1983; 130: 19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Speer J., Gehrke C. W., Kuo K. C., Waalkes T. P., Borek E. tRNA breakdown products as markers for cancer. Cancer 1979; 44: 2120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehrke C. W., Kuo K. C, McCune R. A., Gerhardt K. O., Agris P. F. Quantitative enzymatic hydrolysis of tRNAs: reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of tRNA nucleosides. J. Chromatogr. 1982; 230: 297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck M., Connick M., Ames B. N. Complete analysis of tRNA-modified nucleosides by high-performance liquid chromatography: the 29 modified nucleosides of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli tRNA. Anal. Biochem. 1983; 129: 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krenitsky T. A., Elion G. B., Strelitz R. A., Hitchings G. H. Ribonucleosides of allopurinol and oxoallopurinol. J. Biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 2675
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine L., Waalkes T. P., Stolbach L. Serum levels of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine and pseudouridine as determined by radioimmunoassay for patients with malignancy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1975; 54: 341
   Google Scholar
• Vold B. S., Keith D. E., Slavik M. Urinary levels of N-[9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-theronine, N6-(δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine, and 2′-0-methylguanosine as determined by radioimmunoassay for normal subjects and cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1982; 42: 5265
   Google Scholar
• Woodsworth M. L., Latimer L. J. P., Janzer J. J., McLennan B. D., Lee J. S. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for isopentenyl adenosine derivatives occurring in transfer RNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1983; 114: 791
   Google Scholar
• Heldman D. A., Grever M. R., Speicher C. E., Trewyn R. W. Urinary excretion of modified nucleosides in chronic myelogenous leukemia. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1983; 101: 783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heldman D. A., Grever M. R., Miser J. S., Trewyn R. W. Relationship of urinary excretion of modified nucleosides to disease status in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1983; 71: 269
   Google Scholar
• Heldman D. A., Grever M. R., Trewyn R. W. Differential excretion of modified nucleosides in adult acute leukemia. Blood 1983; 61: 291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöch G., Heller-Schöch G., Müller J., Clemens P., Holtgrewe A., Heddrich M. Die Auscheidung normaler und modifizierter RNA-Kataboliten sowie von Kreatinin im Urin in Abhängigkeit von der Ernährung bei Kindern. Monatsschr. Kinderheilkd. 1983; 131: 259
   Google Scholar
• Müller J., Erb N., Heller-Schöch G., Lorenz H., Winkler K., Schöch G. Multivariate analysis of urinary RNA catabolites in malignancies: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1983; 84: 317
   Google Scholar
• Weissman S. M., Eisen A. Z., Karon M. Pseudouridine metabolism. II. Urinary excretion in gout, psoriasis, leukemia, and heterozygous oroticaduria. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1962; 59: 852
   Google Scholar
• Schöch G., Winkler K., Heller-Schöch G., Baisch H. Die Analyse von normalen und methylierten Nucleobasen im Urin als neues Kriterium für Diagnose und Verlauf von Malignomen. Klin. Pädiatr. 1979; 191: 197
   Google Scholar
• Poplack D. G., Cassady J. R., Pizzo P. A. Leukemias and lymphomas of childhood. Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology, V. T. DeVita, S. Hellman, S. A. Rosenberg. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1985; 1591
   Google Scholar
• Wiernik P. H. Acute leukemias of adults. Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology, V. T. DeVita, S. Hellman, S. A. Rosenberg. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1985; 1711
   Google Scholar
• Mayer R. J. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Ann. Intern. Med. 1984; 101: 552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoelzer D., Thiel E., Loffler H., Bodenstein H., Plaumann L., Buchner T., Urbanitz D., Koch P., Heimpel H., Engelhardt R., Muller U., Wendt F. C, Sodomann H., Ruhl H., Herrmann F., Kaboth W., Dietzfelbinger H., Pralle H., Lunscken Ch., Hellriegel K. P., Spors S., Nowrousian R. M., Fischer J., Fullie H., Mitrou P. S., Pfreundschuh M., Gorg Ch, Emmerich B., Queisser W., Meyer P., Labedzki L., Essers U., Konig H., Mainzer K., Herrmann R., Messerer D., Zwingers T. Intensified therapy in acute lymphoblastic and acute undifferentiated leukemia in adults. Blood 1984; 64: 38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöch G., Garbrecht M., Heller-Schöch G., Baisch H., Lëifer W. Die Ausscheidung von normalen und modifizierten Nucleobasen im Urin bei chronischen myeloproliferativen Syndromen. Blut 1979; 38: 391
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen H. R., Killmann S.-A. Urinary excretion of β-aminoisobutyrate and pseudouridine in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1983; 71: 887
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salvatore F., Cimino L., Russo T., Massacca G., Colonna A., Cimino G. Pseudouridine determination in blood serum as tumor marker. Cancer Detect. Prev. 1983; 6: 531
   Google Scholar
• Fink K., Adams W. S. Urinary purines and pyrimidines in normal and leukemic subjects. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1968; 126: 27
   Google Scholar
• Fink K., Adams W. S., Davis F. W., Nakatani M. The identification of 1-dimethylamino-6-hydroxypurine and its ribonucleoside in urine of normal and leukemic subjects. Cancer Res. 1963; 23: 1824
   Google Scholar
• Canellos G. P. Chronic leukemias. Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology, V. T. DeVita, S. Hellman, S. A. Rosenberg. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1985; 1739
   Google Scholar
• Champlin R. E., Golde D. W. Chronic myleogenous leukemia. Recent advances. Blood 1985; 65: 1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks S. M., Baltimore D., McCaffrey R. Terminal transferase as a predictor of initial responsiveness to vincristine and prednisone in blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1978; 298: 812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grever M. R., Leiby J. M., Kraut E. H., Wilson H. E., Neidhart J. A., Wall R. L., Balcerzak S. P. Low-dose deoxycoformycin in lymphoid malignancy. J. Clin. Oncol. 1985; 3: 1196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman S. M., Lewis M., Karon M. Pseudouridine metabolism. IV. Excretion of pseudouridine and other nitrogenous metabolites in chronic leukemia. Blood 1963; 22: 657
   Google Scholar
• Hogan A., Creuss-Callaghan A., Fenelly J. J. Studies of pseudouridine changes in chronic lymphatic leukemia during therapy. Jr. J. Med. Sci. 1970; 3: 505
   Google Scholar
• Grever M. R., Coltman C. A., Files J. C., Greenberg B. R., Hutton J. J., Talley R. L., Von Hoff D. D., Balcerzak S. P. Fludarabine monophosphate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blood 1985; 66: 200a
   Google Scholar
• Kraut E. H., Bouroncle B. A., Grever M. R. Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with low dose 2′ deoxycoformycin. Blood 1985; 66: 203a
   Google Scholar
• Spiers A. S. D., Bishop M. D. Hairy cell leukemia: induction of complete remission with pentostatin (2′deoxycoformycin). J. Clin. Oncol. 1984; 2: 1336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston J. B., Glazer R. I., Israels L. G. 2′ Deoxycoformycin (DCF): an effective treatment for hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 1985; 4: 167
   Google Scholar
• Quesada J. R., Reuben J., Manning J. R., Hersh E. M., Gutterman J. U. Alpha interferon for induction of remission in hairy cell leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1984; 310: 15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas E. D. Marrow transplantation for malignant disease. J. Clin. Oncol. 1983; 1: 517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heldman D. A., Grever M. R., Trewyn R. W., unpublished results
   Google Scholar