63
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes: New Biochemical Tests

Pages 269-305 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008

References

  • Bishop J M. Molecular themes in oncogenesis. Cell 1991; 64: 235–48
  • Fearon E R., Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 1990; 61: 759–67
  • Marshall C J. Oncogenes and cell proliferation: an overview. Oncogenes, D M. Glover, B D. Hames. IRL Press, Oxford 1989; 1–21
  • Marshall C J. Tumor suppressor genes. Cell 1991; 64: 313–26
  • Stanbridge E J. Human tumor suppressor genes. Annu Rev Genet 1990; 24: 615–57
  • Weinberg R A. Tumor suppressor genes. Science 1991; 254: 1138–46
  • Stehelin D, Varmus H E., Bishop J M., et al. DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature 1976; 260: 170–73
  • Peters G. Oncogenes at viral integration sites. Oncogenes, D M. Glover, B D. Hames. IRL Press, Oxford 1989; 23–66
  • Rabbitts T H., Rabbitts P H. Molecular pathology of chromosomal abnormalities and cancer genes in human tumors. Oncogenes, D M. Glover, B D. Hames. IRL Press, Oxford 1989; 67–111
  • Rowley J D. Molecular cytogenetics: rosetta stone for understanding cancer. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 3816–25
  • Gelehrter T D., Collins F S. Principles of medical genetics. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1990; 237–41
  • Park M, Woude Vande GF. Principles of molecular cell biology of cancer: oncogenes. Cancer. Principles and practice of oncology, V T. DeVita, Jr., S Hellman, S A. Rosenberg. J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1989; 45–66
  • Hunter T. Cooperation between oncogenes. Cell 1991; 64: 249–70
  • Barbacid M. ras Oncogenes: their role in neoplasia. Eur J Clin Invest 1990; 20: 225–35
  • Trahey M, McCormick F. A cytoplasmic protein stimulates normal N-ras p21 GTPase but does not affect oncogenic mutants. Science 1987; 238: 542–45
  • Ellis C, Moran M, McCormick F, et al. Phsophorylation of GAP and GAP-associated proteins by transforming and mitogenic tyrosine kinases. Nature 1990; 343: 377–81
  • Downward J, Graves J D., Warne P H., et al. Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activity. Nature 1990; 346: 719–23
  • Buchberg A M., Cleveland L S., Jenkins N A., et al. Sequence homology shared by neurofibromatosis type-1 gene and IRA-1 and IRA-2 negative regulators of the ras cyclic AMP pathway. Nature 1990; 347: 291–94
  • Rapp U R., Cleveland J L., Bonner T I., et al. The raf oncogene. The oncogene handbook, E P. Reddy, A M. Skalka, T Curran. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1988; 213–53
  • Cantley L C., Anger K R., Carpenter C, et al. Oncogenes and signal transduction. Cell 1991; 64: 281–302
  • Lane D P., Benchimol S. p53: Oncogene or antioncogene. Genes Dev 1990; 4: 1–8
  • Lee E YHP. Tumor suppressor genes: a new era for molecular genetic studies in cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991; 19: 3–13
  • Fearon E R., Cho K R., Nigro J M., et al. Identification of a chromosome 18q gene that is altered in colorectal cancers. Science 1990; 247: 49–56
  • Marx J. Oncogenes evoke new cancer therapies. Science 1990; 249: 1376–78
  • Baker S J., Markowitz S, Fearon E R., et al. Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53. Science 1990; 249: 912–15
  • Kurzrock R, Gutterman J U., Talpaz M. The molecular genetics of Phialdelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 990–98
  • Shtivelman E, Lifshitz B, Gale R P., et al. Alternative splicing of RNAs transcribed from the human abl gene and from the bcr-abl fused gene. Cell 1986; 47: 277–84
  • Konopka J B., Watanabe S M., Witte O N. An alteration in the human c-abl protein in K562 leukemia cells unmasks associated tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 1984; 37: 1035–42
  • Daley G Q., McLaughlin J, Witte O N., et al. The CML-specific P210 bcr/abl protein, unlike v-abl, does not transform NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Science 1987; 237: 532–35
  • Witte O N. Functions of the abl oncogene. Cancer Surv 1986; 5: 183–97
  • Yoffe G, Blick M, Kantarjian H, et al. Molecular analysis of interferon-induced suppression of Philadelphia chromosome in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1987; 69: 961–63
  • Shtivelman E, Gale R P., Dreazen O, et al. bcr-abl RNA in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1987; 69: 971–73
  • Collins S J., Kubonishi I, Miyoishi I, et al. Altered transcription of the c-abl oncogene in K-562 and other chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Science 1984; 225: 72–74
  • Kurzrock R, Shtalrid M, Romero P, et al. A novel c-abl protein product in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nature 1987; 325: 631–35
  • Grotten J, Stephenson J R., Heistenkamp N, et al. Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. Cell 1984; 36: 93–99
  • Kawasaki E S., Clark S S., Coyne M Y., et al. Diagnosis of chronic myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemias by detection of leukemia-specific mRNA sequences amplified in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5698–5702
  • Bos J L. The ras gene family and human carcinogenesis. Mutat Res 1988; 195: 255–71
  • Bos J L. ras Oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res 1989; 49: 4682–89
  • Sukumar S. An experimental analysis of cancer: role of ras oncogenes in multistep carcinogenesis. Cancer Cells 1990; 2: 199–204
  • Vogelstein B, Fearon E R., Stanley B A., et al. Genetic alteration during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 525–32
  • Karga H, Lee J K., Vickery A L., et al. ras Oncogene mutations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 832–36
  • Slebos R JC, Kibbelaar R, Dalesio O, et al. K-ras oncogene activation as a prognostic marker in adenocarcinoma of the lung. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 561–65
  • DeVries M V., Bogaard M E., Van den Elst H, et al. A dot-blot screening procedure for mutated ras oncogenes using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. Gene 1986; 50: 313–20
  • Wong G, Arnheim N, Clark R, et al. Detection of activated Mr 21,000 protein, the product of ras oncogenes, using antibodies with specificity for aminoacid 12. Cancer Res 1986; 46: 6029–33
  • Sagae S, Kudo R, Kuzumaki N, et al. ras Oncogene expression and progression in intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix. Cancer 1990; 66: 295–301
  • Sidransky D, Tokino T, Hamilton S R., et al. Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors. Science 1992; 256: 102–5
  • Escot C, Theillet C, Lidereau R, et al. Genetic alterations of the c-myc proto-oncogene (MYC) in human primary breast carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83: 4834–38, 186
  • Selvanayagam P, Blick M, Narni F, et al. Alteration and abnormal expression of the c-myc oncogene in human multiple myeloma. Blood 1988; 71: 30–35
  • Schwab M, Amler L C. Amplification of cellular oncogenes: a predictor of clinical outcome in human cancer. Genes Chrom Cancer 1990; 1: 181–93
  • Dias P, Kumar P, Marsden H B., et al. N-myc gene is amplified in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) but not in embryonal RMS. Int J Cancer 1990; 45: 593–96
  • Brodeur G M., Seeger R C., Schwab M, et al. Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage. Science 1984; 224: 1121–24
  • Ibson J M., Rabbitts P H. Sequence of a germ-line N-myc gene and amplification as a mechanism of activation. Oncogene 1988; 2: 399–405
  • Slamon D J., Godolphin W, Jones L A., et al. Studies of the HER2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 1989; 244: 707–12
  • Van de Vijver M J., Peterse J L., Mooi W J., et al. neu protein overexpression in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1239–45
  • Callahan R, Campbell G. Mutations in human breast cancer. An overview. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81: 80–86
  • Van de Vijver M, Van de Bersselaar R, Devilee P, et al. Amplification of the neu (c-erbB-2) oncogene in human mammary tumor is relatively frequent and is often accompanied by amplification of the linked c-erbA oncogene. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7: 2019–23
  • Paterson M C., Dietrich K D., Danyluk J, et al. Correlation between c-erbB-2 amplification and risk of recurrent disease in node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 556–67
  • Nugent A, McDermott E, Duffy K, et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of c-erbB-2. Oncoprotein in breast cancer. Clin Chem 1992; 38: 1421–4
  • Lee E YHP, To H, Shew J Y., et al. Inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in human breast cancers. Science 1988; 241: 218–21
  • Cavenee W K., Hansen M F., Nordenskjold M, et al. Genetic origin of mutations predisposing to retinoblastoma. Science 1985; 228: 501–503
  • Harbour J W., Lai S L., Whang-Peng J, et al. Abnormalities in structure and expression of the human retinoblastoma gene in SCLC. Science 1988; 241: 353–57
  • Varley J M., Armour J, Swallow J E., et al. The retinoblastoma gene is frequently altered leading to loss of expression in primary breast tumours. Oncogene 1989; 4: 725–29
  • Levine A J., Momand J, Finlay C A. The p53 tumour suppressor gene. Nature 1991; 351: 453–56
  • Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, et al. p53 Mutations in human cancers. Science 1991; 253: 49–53
  • Feinstein E, Cimino C, Gale R P., et al. p53 In chronic myelogenous leukemia in the acute phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 6293–97
  • Borresen A L., Hovig E, Smith-Sorensen B, et al. Constant denaturant gel electrophoresis as a rapid screening technique for p53 mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 8405–9
  • Gannon J V., Greaves R, Lane D P. Activating mutations in p53 induce a common conformational effect. A monoclonal antibody specific for the mutant form. EMBO J 1990; 9: 1595–1602
  • Yewdell J N., Gannon J V., Lane D P. Monoclonal antibody analysis of p53 expression in normal and transformed cells. J Virol 1986; 59: 444–52
  • Wade-Evans A, Jenkins J R. Precise epitope mapping of the murine transformation-associated protein, p53. EMBO J 1985; 4: 699–706
  • Milner J, Medcalf E A. Cotranslation of activated mutant p53 with wild-type drives the wild-type p53 protein into the mutant conformation. Cell 1991; 65: 765–74
  • Midgley C A., Fisher C J., Bartek J, et al. Analysis of p53 expression in human tumors: an antibody raised against human p53 expressed Escherichia coli. J Cell Sci
  • Hassapoglidou S, Diamandis E P., Unpublished results
  • Bartek J, Bartkova J, Vojtesek B, et al. Aberrant expression of the p53 oncoprotein is a common feature of a wide spectrum of human malignancies. Oncogene 1991; 6: 1699–1703
  • Chang K, Ding I, Kern F G., et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and HER-2/neu proteins in human tumors. J Histochem Cytochem 1991; 39: 1281–87
  • Crawford L V., Pim D C., Bulbrook R D. Detection of antibodies against the cellular protein p53 in sera from patients with breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1982; 30: 403–8
  • Sidransky D, Von Eschenbach A, Tsai Y C., et al. Identification of p53 gene mutations in bladder cancers and urine samples. Science 1991; 252: 706–9
  • Thor A D., Moore D H., II, Edgerton S M., et al. Accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein: an independent marker of prognosis in breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84: 845–55
  • Visakorpi T, Kallioniemi O P., Heikkinen A, et al. Small subgroup of aggressive, highly proliferative prostatic carcinomas defined by p53 accumulation. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84: 883–87
  • Diamandis E P., Christopoulos T K. Biochemical markers of malignancy. Clinical Chemistry, A HB Wu. Health and Education Resources, Bethesda 1991; 103–11

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.