The Effects of Asbestos on Macrophages

References

• Webster I. Asbestosis. S. Afr. Med. J. 1964; 38: 870
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sluis Cremer G. K. Asbestosis in South African asbestos miners. Environ. Res. 1970; 3: 310
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doll R. Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1955; 12: 81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gough J., Heppleston A. G. The pathology of the pneumoconioses. Industrial Pulmonary Diseases: A Symposium, E. J. King, C. M. Fletcher. Churchill, London 1960, chap. 2.
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan W. D. Asbestosis and primary intrathoracic neoplasms. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1965; 132: 507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner J. C., Gibson J. C., Berry G., Timbrell V. Epidemiology of asbestos cancers. Br. Med. Bull. 1971; 27: 71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner J. C., Sleggs C. A., Marchand P. Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1960; 17: 260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newhouse M. L., Thompson H. Mesothelioma of pleura and peritoneum following exposure to asbestos in the London area. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1965; 22: 261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashcroft T. Epidemiological and quantitative relationships between mesothelioma and asbestos on Tyneside. J. Clin. Pathol. 1973; 26: 832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc Donald A. D., Mc Donald J. C. Epidemiologic surveillance of mesothelioma in Canada. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1973; 109: 359
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green G. M., Jakab G. J., Low R. B., Davis G. S. Defense mechanisms of the respiratory membrane. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1977; 115: 479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis J. M.G. An electron microscopy study of the effect of asbestos dust on the lung. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1963; 44: 454
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Speil S., Leineweber J. P. Asbestos minerals in modern technology. Environ. Res. 1969; 2: 166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson A. A. Fibrous Silicates. Royal Institute of Chemistry, London 1966; 1
   Google Scholar
• Maser M., Rice R. V., Klug H. P. Chrysotile morphology. Am. Mineralogist 1960; 45: 680
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson A. W., Gettins R. B., Rickards A. L. The Physics and Chemistry of Asbestos Minerals. Institute of National Sciences, Louvain University, Belgium 1971, abstract paper 2:4
   Google Scholar
• Harington J. S., Allison A. C., Badami D. V. Mineral fibers: chemical, physicochemical and biological properties. Adv. Pharmacol. Chemother. 1975; 12: 291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rendall R. E.G. (1970) The data sheets on the chemical and physical properties of the U.I.C.C. standard reference samples. Pneumoconiosis: Proceedings of the International Conference, Johannesburg, 1969, H. A. Shapiro. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, 23
   Google Scholar
• Martinez E., Zucker G. L. Asbestos ore body minerals studied by zeta potential measurements. J. Phys. Chem. 1960; 64: 924
   Google Scholar
• Mac Nab G., Harington J. S. Haemolytic activity of asbestos and other mineral dusts. Nature (London) 1967; 214: 522
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Secchi G. C., Rezzonico A. Hemolytic activity of asbestos dusts. Med. Lav. 1968; 59: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnitzer R. J., Pundsack F. L. Asbestos hemolysis. Environ. Res. 1970; 3: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harington J. S., Miller K., Mac Nab G. Hemolysis by asbestos. Environ. Res. 1971; 4: 95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timbrell V., Pooley F., Wagner J. C. (1970) Characteristics of respirable asbestos fibres. Pneumoconiosis: Proceedings of the International Conference, Johannesburg, 1969, H. A. Shapiro. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, 120
   Google Scholar
• Becklake M. R. Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1976; 114: 187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc Donald J. C., Mc Donald A. D., Gibbs G. W., Siemiatycki J., Rossiter C. E. Mortality in the chrysotile asbestos mines and mills of Quebec. Arch. Environ. Health 1971; 22: 677
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selikoff I. J., Hammond E. C., Churg J. (1970) Mortality experiences of asbestos insulation workers 1943–1968. Pneumoconiosis: Proceedings of the International Conference, Johannesburg, 1969, H. A. Shapiro. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, 180
   Google Scholar
• Harries P. G., Mac Kenzie F. A.F., Sheers G., Kemp J. H., Oliver T. P., Wright D. S. Radiological survey of men exposed to asbestos in naval dockyards. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1972; 29: 274
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rickards A. L., Badami D. V. Chrysotile asbestos in urban air. Nature(London) 1971; 234: 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vigliani E. C., Patroni M., Occella E., Rendall R. E., Skikne M., Ellis P. Presence and identification of fibres in the atmosphere of Milan. Med. Lav. 1976; 67: 551
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleinfeld M. Biologic response to kind and amount of asbestos. J. Occup. Med. 1973; 15: 296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner J. C., Berry G., Skidmore J. W., Timbrell V. The effects of the inhalation of asbestos in rats. Br. J. Cancer 1974; 29: 252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myrvik Q. N. The role of the alveolar macrophage. J. Occup. Med. 1973; 15: 190
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green G. M. The J. Burns Amberson Lecture–in defense of the lung. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1970; 102: 691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dourmashkin R. R., Dougherty R. M. Phagocytosis of crystalline particles by cells grown in tissue culture. Exp. Cell Res. 1961; 25: 480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allison A. C. Lysosomes and the toxicity of particulate pollutants. Arch. Intern. Med. 1971; 128: 131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison A. C. Effects of silica and asbestos on cells in culture. Inhaled Particles, Vol. 3, W. H. Walton. Unwin Brothers, Old WokingEngland 1971; 437
   Google Scholar
• Davis J. M.G. The effects of chrysotile asbestos dust on lung macrophages maintained in organ culture: an electron-microscope study. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1967; 48: 379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Territo M. C., Cline M. J. Monocyte function in man. J. Immunol. 1977; 118: 187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aschoff L. Das Reticulo-endotheliale System. Ergeb. Inn. Med. Kinderheilkd. 1924; 26: 1
   Google Scholar
• van Furth R., Cohn Z. A., Hirsch J. G., Humphrey J. H., Spector W. G., Langevoort H. L. The mononuclear phagocyte system: a new classification of macrophages, monocytes, and their precursor cells. Bull. W.H.O. 1972; 46: 845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Furth R. The origin and turnover of promonocytes, monocytes and macrophages in normal mice. Mononuclear Phagocytes, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1970, chap. 10.
   Google Scholar
• van Furth R., Diesselhoff-Den Dulk M. M.C, Mattie H. Quantitative study on the production and kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes during an acute inflammatory reaction. J. Exp. Med. 1973; 138: 1314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkman A. The origin and fate of the monocyte. Ser. Haematol. 1970; 3: 62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinkett M. O., Cowdrey C. R., Nowell P. C. Mixed hematopoietic and pulmonary origin of “alveolar macrophages”; as demonstrated by chromosome markers. Am. J. Pathol. 1966; 48: 859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalf D., Moore M. A.S. Haemopoietic Cells. North-Holland, Amsterdam 1971
   Google Scholar
• van Furth R., Langevoort H. L., Schaberg A. Mononuclear phagocytes in human pathology proposal for an approach to improved classification. Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1975, chap. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Whitelaw D. M., Batho H. F. The distribution of monocytes in the rat. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1972; 5: 215
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitelaw D. M., Batho H. F. Kinetics of monocytes. Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1975, chap. 11.
   Google Scholar
• Whitelaw D. M. Observations on human monocyte kinetics after pulse labeling. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1972; 5: 311
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohn Z. A. The structure and function of monocytes and macrophages. Adv. Immunol. 1968; 9: 163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Volkman A., Gowans J. L. The production of macrophages in the rat. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1965; 46: 50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkman A., Gowans J. L. The origin of macrophages from bone marrow in the rat. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1965; 46: 62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velo G. P., Spector W. G. The origin and turnover of alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumonia. J. Pathol. 1973; 109: 7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden D. H., Adamson I. Y.R., Grantham G., Wyatt J. P. Origin of the lung macrophage: evidence derived from radiation injury. Arch. Pathol. 1969; 88: 540
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Golde D. W., Finley T. N., Cline M. J. The pulmonary macrophage in acute leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1974; 290: 875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans M. J., Stephens R. J., Cabral L. J., Freeman G. Cell renewal in the lungs of rats exposed to low levels of NO2. Arch. Environ. Health 1972; 24: 180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans M. J., Cabral L. J., Stephens R. J., Freeman G. Cell division of alveolar macrophages in rat lung following exposure to NO2. Am. J. Pathol. 1973; 70: 199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans M. J., Bils R. F. Identification of cells labeled with tritiated thymidine in the pulmonary alveolar walls of the mouse. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1969; 100: 372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijeyaratnam G. S., Corrin B. Origin of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage studied in the iprindole-treated rat. J. Pathol. 1972; 108: 115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearsall N. N., Weiser R. S. The Macrophage. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1970
   Google Scholar
• Brain J. D. The effects of increased particles on the number of alveolar macrophages. Inhaled Particles, Vol. 3, W. H. Walton. Unwin Brothers Old Woking, England 1971; 209
   Google Scholar
• Kilburn K. H. Cilia and mucus transport as determinants of the response of lung to air pollutatns. Arch. Environ. Health 1967; 14: 77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross P., Davis J. M.G., Harley R. A., de Treville R. T.P. Lymphatic transport of fibrous dust from the lungs. J. Occup. Med. 1973; 15: 186
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heppleston A. G. The disposal of inhaled particulate matter; a unifying hypothesis. Am. J. Pathol. 1963; 42: 119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florey H. W. Inflammation. General Pathology, 4th ed., H. W. Florey. Lloyd-Luke Medical Books, London 1970, chap. 2.
   Google Scholar
• Spector W. G. The granulomatous inflammatory exudate. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 1969; 8: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dannenberg A. M. Macrophages in inflammation and infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 1975; 293: 489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velo G. P., Spector W. G. The origin and turnover of alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumonia. J. Pathol. 1973; 109: 7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan G. B., Spector W. G. Natural selection of long-lived macrophages in experimental granulomata. J. Pathol. 1969; 99: 139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papadimitriou J. M., Spector W. G. The ultrastructure of high- and low-turnover inflammatory granulomata. J. Pathol. 1972; 106: 37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn Z. A., Wiener E. The particulate hydrolase of macrophages. I. Comparative enzymology, isolation and properties. J. Exp. Med. 1963; 118: 991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison A. Lysosomes and disease. Sci. Am. 1967; 217: 62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds H. Y., Atkinson J. P., Newball H. H., Frank M. M. Receptors for immunoglobulin and complement on human alveolar macrophages. J. Immunol. 1975; 114: 1813
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daughaday C. C., Douglas S. D. Membrane receptors on rabbit and human alveolar macrophages. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1976; 19: 37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkinson P. C. Recognition and response in mononuclear and granular phagocytes. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1976; 25: 355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edelson P. J., Zwiebel R., Cohn Z. A. The pinocytic rate of activated macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 1975; 142: 1150
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson J. D., Hand W. L., King N. L., Hughes C. G. Activation of alveolar macrophages after lower respiratory tract infection. J. Immunol. 1975; 115: 80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans R., Alexander P. Mechanism of immunologically specific killing of tumour cells by macrophages. Nature (London) 1972; 236: 168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unanue E. R. Secretory function of mononuclear phagocytes: a review. Am. J. Pathol. 1976; 83: 396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibovich S. J., Ross R. The macrophage and the fibroblast. Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1975, chap. 23.
   Google Scholar
• Cohn Z. A., Wiener E. The particulate hydrolases of macrophages. II. Biochemical and morphological response to particle ingestion. J. Exp. Med. 1963; 118: 1009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorko M. E., Hirsch J. G. Structure of monocytes and macrophages. Semin. Hematol. 1970; 7: 109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaw J. L., Zaidi S. H. In vitro studies on the cytotoxic action of different varieties of asbestos dust on macrophages. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1975; 36: 225
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohn Z. A., Benson B. The differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes: morphology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry. J. Exp. Med. 1965; 121: 153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr I. Lysosome formation and surface changes in stimulated peritoneal cells. Z. Zellforsh. Mikrosk. Anat. 1968; 89: 328
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carr I. The cellular basis of reticulo-endothelial stimulation. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 1967; 94: 323
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bey E., Harington J. S. Cytotoxic effects of some mineral dusts on Syrian hamster peritoneal macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 1971; 133: 1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison A. C., Davies P. Mononuclear phagocyte activation in some pathological processes. Activation of Macrophages, W. H. Wagner, H. Hahn. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1974; 141
   Google Scholar
• Marks J., Mason M. A. Quantitative technique for studying the effect of dust on phagocytic cells in vitro. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1956; 13: 192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marks J., Mason M. A., Nagelschmidt G. A study of dust toxicity using a quantitative tissue culture technique. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1956; 13: 187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allison A. C., Harington J. S., Birbeck M. An examination of the cytotoxic effects of silica on macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 1966; 124: 141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pernis B., Vigliani E. C., Marchisio M. A., Zanardi S. Observations on the effect of asbestos on cells “in vitro”. Med. Lav. 1966; 57: 721
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parazzi E., Pernis B., Secchi G. C., Vigliani E. C. Studies on “in vitro” cytotoxicity of asbestos dusts. Med. Lav. 1968; 59: 561
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leibovich S. J., Ross R. A macrophage-dependent factor that stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro. Am. J. Pathol. 1976; 84: 501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison A. C. Experimental methods – cell and tissue culture: effects of asbestos particles on macrophages, mesothelial cells and fibroblasts. Biological Effects of Asbestos, P. Bogovski, J. C. Gilson, V. Timbrell, J. C. Wagner. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 1973; 89
   Google Scholar
• Miller K., Handfield R. I.M, Kagan E. The effect of different mineral dusts on the mechanism of phagocytosis: a scanning electron microscope study. Environ. Res., in press.
   Google Scholar
• Pernis B., Castano P. Effetto del' asbesto sulle cellule in vitro. Med. Lav. 1971; 62: 120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koshi K., Hayashi H., Sakabe H. Cell toxicity and hemoytic action of asbestos dust. Ind. Health 1968; 6: 69
   Google Scholar
• Beck E. G., Holt P. F., Nasrallah E. T. Effects of chrysotile and acid-treated chrysotile on macrophage cultures. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1971; 28: 179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies P., Allison A. C., Ackerman J., Butterfield A., Williams S. Asbestos induces selective release of lysosomal enzymes from mononuclear phagocytes. Nature, (London) 1974; 251: 423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller K. Some Biochemical Changes (With Special Reference to Lipids) Occurring in Macrophages in Culture and in Erythrocytes Exposed to Mineral Dusts. M.Sci. thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1971
   Google Scholar
• Miller K., Harington J. S. Some biochemical effects of asbestos on macrophages. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1972; 53: 397
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robock K., Klosterkotter W. Investigations on the cytotoxicity of asbestos dusts. Staub 1973; 33: 279
   Google Scholar
• Klosterkotter W., Robock K. New aspects on dust and pneumoconiosis research. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1975; 36: 659
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis J. M.G. Etudes en microscopic electronique sur les effects de la poussiere d'amiante sur les macrophages alveotaires. Rev. Fr. Mat. Respir. 1974; 2(Suppl. 1)66
   Google Scholar
• Miller K., Rendall R. E.G., Handfield R. I.M, Webster I. The in vivo effects of chrysotile asbestos on rat alveolar macrophages, in preparation.
   Google Scholar
• Sethi S., Beck E. G., Manojlovic N. Giant cell formation after intraperitoneal application of crocidolite asbestos fibres in rats. Cover slip method. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1974; 17: 53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruch J. Response of cell cultures to asbestos fibers. Environ. Health Perspect. 1974; 9: 253
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodel C. Ferment histochemische Befunde an Riesenzellen in Talkgranulomen der Ratte. Pathol. Microbiol. 1967; 30: 27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon S., Cohn Z. Macrophage-melanocyte heterokaryons. I. Preparation and properties. J. Exp. Med. 1970; 131: 981
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tewari R. P., Solotorovsky M., Scherner N. J. Macromolecular synthesis and phagocytosis of normal and fused macrophages. Activation of Macrophages, W. H. Wagner, H. Hahn. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1974; 20
   Google Scholar
• Miller K., Kagan E. The in vivo effects of asbestos on macrophage membrane structure and population characteristics of macrophages: a scanning electron microscope study. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1976; 20: 159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singer S. J. Molecular biology of cellular membranes with applications to immunology. Adv. Immunol. 1974; 19: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliver J. M., Berlin R. D. Macrophage membranes. Immunobiology of the Macrophage, D. S. Nelson. Academic Press, New York 1976, chap. 10.
   Google Scholar
• Romeo D., Zabucchi G., Jug M., Rossi F. Alteration of macrophage surface in the course of immunological activation: decay of metabolic response to Concanavalin A. Cell. Immunol. 1974; 13: 313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgenroth K. Cellular reaction in the human lung caused by inhalation of asbestos dust over long periods. Beitr. Pathol. 1973; 148: 199
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki Y. Interaction of asbestos with alveolar cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 1974; 9: 241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki Y., Churg J. Formation of the asbestos body: a comparative study with three types of asbestos. Environ. Res. 1969; 3: 107
   Google Scholar
• Davis J. M. Asbestos dust as a nucleation center in the calcification of old fibrous tissue lesions, and the possible association of this process to the formation of asbestos bodies. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 1970; 12: 133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner J. C., Berry G. Investigations using animals. Biological Effects of Asbestos, P. Bogovski, J. C. Gilson, V. Timbrell, J. C. Wagner. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 1973; 85
   Google Scholar
• Miller K., Webster I., Handfield R. I.M, Skikne M. I. Ultrastructure of the lung in the rat following exposure to crocidolite asbestos and quartz. J. Pathol., in press.
   Google Scholar
• Spector W. G., Mariano M. Macrophage behaviour in experimental granulomas. Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1975, chap. 60.
   Google Scholar
• Spector W. G., Ryan G. B. The mononuclear phagocyte in inflammation. Mononuclear Phagocytes, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1970; 219
   Google Scholar
• Miller K., Kagan E., Webster I. Surface characteristics of macrophages following exposure to dust. Proceedings of the Electron Microscopy Society of Southern Africa. Electron Microscopy Society, Johannesburg 1975; 67
   Google Scholar
• Leake E. S., Wright M. J., Myrvik Q. N. Differences in surface morphology of alveolar macrophages attached to glass and to milipore filters: a scanning electron microscope study. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1975; 17: 370
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arend W. P., Mannik M. The macrophage receptor for IgG: number and affinity of binding sites. J. Immunol. 1973; 110: 1455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pernis B., Vigliani E. C., Selikoff I. J. Rheumatoid factor in serum of individuals exposed to asbestos. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1965; 132: 112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner Warwick M., Parkes W. R. Circulating rheumatoid and antinuclear factors in asbestos workers. Br. Med. J. 1970; 3: 492
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Massey D., Lemonde J., Fournier-Massey G. Les facteurs immunologiques dans l'amiantose. Union Med. Can. 1971; 100: 1588
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kagan E., Solomon A., Cochrane J. C., Kuba P., Rocks P. H., Webster I. Immunological studies of patients with asbestosis. II. Studies of circulating lymphoid cell numbers and humoral immunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1977; 28: 268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller K., Kagan E. Immune adherence reactivity of rat alveolar macrophages following inhalation of crocidolite asbestos. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1977; 29: 152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange A., Smolik R., Zatonski W., Szymanska J. Autoantibodies and serum immunoglobulin levels in asbestos workers. Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed. 1974; 32: 313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kagan E., Solomon A., Cochrane J. C., Beissner E. I., Gluckman J., Rocks P. H., Webster I. Immunological studies of patients with asbestosis. I. Studies of cell-mediated immunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1977; 28: 261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison A. C., Davies P. Increased biochemical and biological activities of mononuclear phagocytes exposed to various stimuli, with special reference to secretion of lysosomal enzymes. Mononoclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1975, chap. 32.
   Google Scholar
• Axline S. G., Cohn A. S. In vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes by phagocytosis. J. Exp. Med. 1970; 131: 1239
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies P., Page R. C., Allison A. C. Changes in cellular enzyme levels and extracellular release of lysosomal acid hydrolases in macrophages exposed to group A streptococcal cell wall substance. J. Exp. Med. 1974; 139: 1262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unkeless J. C., Gordon S., Reich E. Secretion of plasminogen activator by stimulated macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 1974; 139: 834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon S., Unkeless J. C., Cohn Z. A. Induction of macrophage plasminogen activator by endotoxin stimulation and phagocytosis: evidence for a two-stage process. J. Exp. Med. 1974; 140: 995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton J., Vassalli J. D., Reich E. Macrophage plasminogen activator: induction by asbestos is blocked by anti-inflammatory steroids. J. Exp. Med. 1976; 144: 1689
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Werb Z., Gordon S. Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages: characterization and regulation. J. Exp. Med. 1975; 142: 361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt H. V., Colten H. R., Borsos T. Production of the second (C2) and fourth (C4) components of guinea pig complement by single peritoneal cells: evidence that one cell may produce both components. J. Immunol. 1972; 108: 1609
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hext P. M., Hunt J., Dodgson K. S., Richards R. J. The effects of long-term exposure of lung fibroblast strains to chrysotile asbestos. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1977; 58: 160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis D. M., Burrell R. Induction of fibrogenesis by lung antibody-treated macrophages. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1976; 33: 25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schlipkoter H. W., Beck E. G. Observations on the relationship between quartz cytotoxicity and fibrogenicity while testing the biological activity of synthetic polymers. Med. Lav. 1965; 56: 485
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marks J. The neutralization of silica toxicity in vitro. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1957; 14: 81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marks J. Further studies of the neutralization of silica toxicity in vitro. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1959; 16: 166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Comolli R., Perin A. Le metabolisme des macrophages apres phagocytose de poussieres de silica. Med. Lav. 1963; 54: 329
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kessel R. W.I., Monaco L., Marchisio M. A. The specificity of the cytotoxic action of silica a study in vitro. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1963; 44: 351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash T., Allison A. C., Harington J. S. Physico-chemical properties of silica in relation to its toxicity. Nature (London) 1966; 210: 259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harington J. S., Allison A. C. Lysosomal enzymes in relation to the toxicity of silica. Med. Lav. 1965; 56: 471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munder P. G., Modolell M., Ferber E., Fischer H. Phospholipoide in quarzgeschadigten Makrophagen. Biochem. Z. 1966; 344: 310
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munder P. G., Ferber E., Modolell M., Fischer H. Storung des Phospholipoidstoffwechsels von Makrophagen nach Phagozytose von silikogenen Partikeln. Fortschritte der Staublungenforschung, H. Reploh, H. J. Einbrodt. Niederheinische Druckerei, Dinslaken, Germany 1967; 129
   Google Scholar
• Munder P. G., Modolell M., Ferber E., Fischer H. The relationship between macrophages and adjuvant activity. Mononuclear Phagocytes, R. van Furth. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 1970, chap. 27.
   Google Scholar
• Robock K. A new concept of the pathogenesis of silicosis: luminescence measurements and biochemical cell experiments with SiO2 dusts. Staub 1968; 28: 15
   Google Scholar
• Schwab G. M. Neuere Gedanken zur Natur der heterogenen Katalyse. Angew. Chem. 1955; 67: 433
   Google Scholar
• Vigliani E. C., Pernis B., Monaco L. A study of the action of quartz particles on macrophages in vitro. Inhaled Particles and Vapours, C. N. Davies. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1961; 348
   Google Scholar
• Vigliani E. C., Pernis B. Studien uber die Pathogenese der Silikose. Int. Arch. Gewerbepathol. Gewerbehyg. 1962; 19: 507
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ziskin M., Jones R. N., Weill H. Silicosis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1976; 113: 643
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller K., Kagan E. The in vivo effects of quartz on alveolar macrophage membrane topography and on the characteristics of the intrapulmonary cell population. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1977; 21: 307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heppleston A. G., Styles J. A. Activity of a macrophage factor in collagen formation by silica. Nature (London) 1967; 214: 521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harington J. S., Ritchie M., King P. C., Miller K. The in vitro effects of silica-treated hamster macrophages on collagen production by hamster fibroblasts. J. Pathol. 1973; 109: 21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilroe Smith T. A., Webster I., van Drimmelen M., Marasas L. An insoluble fibrogenic factor in macrophages from guinea pigs exposed to silica. Environ. Res. 1973; 6: 298
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaltreider H. B. Expression of immune mechanisms in the lung. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1976; 113: 347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klempman S., Miller K. The in vivo effects of quartz on rat thoracic lymph nodes. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1977; 58: 557
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waldman R. H., Henney C. S. Cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses in the respiratory tract after local and systemic immunization. J. Exp. Med. 1971; 134: 482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldman R. H., Spencer C. S., Johnson J. E. Respiratory and systemic cellular and humoral immune responses to influenza virus vaccine administered parenterally or by nose drops. Cell. Immunol. 1972; 3: 294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller G., Lemke H., Opitz H. G. The role of adherent cells in the immune response: fibroblasts and products released by fibroblasts and peritoneal cells can substitute for adherent cells. Scand. J. Immunol. 1976; 5: 269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wood D. D., Cameron P. M. Stimulation of the release of a B cell-activating factor from human monocytes. Cell. Immunol. 1976; 21: 133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar