Power Plant Chlorination Effects on Estuarine and Marine Organisms

References

• Chemical Alternatives to Chlorine for Biofouling Control. Docket No. 50–460, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. 1975, Sect. 4
   Google Scholar
• Brungs W. A. Effects of residual chlorine on aquatic life–a literature review. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 1973; 45: 2180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brungs W. A. Effects of Wastewater and Cooling Water Chlorination on Aquatic Life. Ecol. Res. Series No. EPA-600/3–76–098, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minn. 1976
   Google Scholar
• Morgan R. P., II, Carpenter E. J. Biocides. Power Plant Entrainment, a Biological Assessment, J. R. Schubel, B. C. Marcy. Academic Press, New York 1978, chap. 3
   Google Scholar
• Morgan R. P., II. Biocides and behavior. Power Plant Effects on Fish and Shellfish Behavior, C. H. Hocutt, J. R. Stauffer, Jr., L. W. Hall, Jr., J. E. Edinger, R. P. Morgan. Academic Press, New York 1980, chap. 4
   Google Scholar
• Hall L. W., Jr., Burton D. T., Liden L. H. An interpretative literature analysis evaluating the effects of power plant chlorination on freshwater organisms. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 1981; 9: 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan R. P., II, Stross R. G. Destruction of phytoplankton in the cooling water supply of a steam electric station. Chesapeake Sci. 1969; 10: 165
   Google Scholar
• Gentile J. H., Cardin J., Johnson M., Sasnowski S. Power Plants, Chlorine and Estuarines. Ecol. Res. Series No. EPA-600/3–76–055, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, R.I. 1976
   Google Scholar
• Hirayama K., Hirano R. Influences of high temperatures and residual chlorine on marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol. 1970; 7: 205
   Google Scholar
• Bender M. E., Roberts M. H., Diaz R., Huggett R. J. Effects of residual chlorine on estuarine organisms. Biofouling Control Procedures: Technology and Ecological Effects, L. D. Jensen. Marcel Dekker, New York 1977; 101
   Google Scholar
• Goldman J. C., Davidson J. A. Physical model of marine phytoplankton chlorination at coastal power stations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977; 11: 908
   Google Scholar
• Goldman J. C., Capuzzo J. M., Wong G. T. F. Biological and chemical effects of chlorination at coastal power plants. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan 1978; Vol. 2: 291
   Google Scholar
• Eppley R. W., Renger E. H., Williams P. M. Chlorine reactions with seawater constituents and the inhibition of photosynthesis on natural marine phytoplankton. Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 1976; 4: 147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consolidated Edison Company of New York. Lamont-Doherty Bioassay Work. Environmental Report, Indian Point, No. 3., Appendices. Consolidated Edison, New York 1973; Vol. III: 49, Section III. E.
   Google Scholar
• Erickson S. J., Freeman A. J. Toxicity screening of fifteen chlorinated and brominated compounds using four species of marine phytoplankton. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Michigan 1978; Vol. 2: 307
   Google Scholar
• Fox J. L., Moyer M. S. Effects of power plant chlorination on estuarine productivity. Chesapeake Sci. 1975; 16: 66
   Google Scholar
• Morgan R. P., II, Flemer D. A., Noe L. A., Rasin J. V., Jr., Murtagh R. A. Biochemical studies of entrained phytoplankton at the Morgantown Maryland Power Plant. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 165
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton D. H., Jr., Flemer D. A., Keefe C. W., Mihursky J. A. Power plants: effects of chlorination on estuarine primary production. Science 1970; 169: 197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter E. J., Peck B. B., Anderson S. J. Cooling water chlorination and productivity of entrained phytoplankton. Mar. Biol. 1972; 16: 37
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter E. J., Peck B. B., Anderson S. J. Summary of entrainment research at the Millstone Point Nuclear Power Station, 1970 to 1972. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 31
   Google Scholar
• Brooks A. S. Phytoplankton entrainment studies at the Indian River Estuary, Delaware. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 105
   Google Scholar
• Flemer D. A. The effects of entrainment on phytoplankton at the Morgantown Steam Electric Station Potomac River Estuary, September 5–8, 1972. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 163
   Google Scholar
• Lauer G. J., Waller W. T., Bath D. W., Meeks W., Heffer R., Ginn T., Zubarik L., Bibko P., Storm P. C. Entrainment studies on Hudson River organisms. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 37
   Google Scholar
• Bongers L. H., Bradley B., Burton D. T., Holland A. F., Liden L. H. Biotoxicity of Bromine Chloride- and Chlorine-Treated Power Plant Condenser Cooling Water Effluent, Report. Martin Marietta Corporation, Baltimore 1977
   Google Scholar
• Liden L. H., Burton D. T., Bonger L. H., Holland A. F. Effects of chlorobrominated and chlorinated cooling waters on estuarine food-chain organisms. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 1980; 52: 173
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulford R. A. Morgantown entrainment, part IV, phytoplankton taxonomic studies. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 169
   Google Scholar
• Flemer D., Sherk J. A., Jr. The effects of steam electric station operation on entrained phytoplankton. Hydrobiologia 1977; 55: 33
   Google Scholar
• Davis M. H., Coughlin J. Response of entrained plankton to low-level chlorination at a coastal power station. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan 1978; Vol. 2.: 369
   Google Scholar
• Peck B. B., Warren R. S. Nitrate reduction activity and primary productivity of phytoplankton entrained through a nuclear power station on northeastern Long Island Sound. Energy and Environmental Stress in Aquatic Systems, J. H. Thorp, J. W. Gibbons. Technical Information Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 1978; 392
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter E. J., Anderson S. J., Peck B. B. Copepod and chlorophyll α concentrations in receiving waters of a nuclear power station and problems associated with their measurements. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 1974; 2: 83
   Google Scholar
• Roberts M. H., Jr., Diaz R., Bender M. E., Huggett R. Acute toxicity of chlorine to selected estuarine species. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 1975; 32: 2525
   Google Scholar
• Roberts M. H., Jr., Gleeson R. A. Acute toxicity of bromochlorinated seawater to selected estuarine species with a comparison to chlorinated seawater toxicity. Mar. Environ. Res. 1978; 1: 19
   Google Scholar
• McLean R. I. Chlorine and temperature stress on estuarine invertebrates. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 1973; 45: 837
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinle D. R., Beaven M. D. Effects of chlorine on the copepod. Acartia tonsa, Chesapeake Sci. 1977; 18: 140
   Google Scholar
• Heinle D. R. Effects of the Chalk Point Power Plant on Pumped and Entrained Copepods, August 12, 1971, and May 16, 1972. With Notes on the Vienna Generating Station. NRI Ref. No. 73–44, Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, College Park 1973
   Google Scholar
• Heinle D. R. Effects of passage through power plant cooling systems on estuarine copepods. Environ. Pollut. 1976; 11: 39
   Google Scholar
• Wilson T. C. The Effect of Chlorine Residuals on the Blue Rockfish(Sebastes mystinus), the Rock Prickleback(Xyphister mucosus) and the Copepod (Calanus pacificus). Rep. No. 7846, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Ramon, Calif. 1977; 12–76
   Google Scholar
• Dressel D. M. The Effects of Thermal Shock and Chlorine on the Estuarine Copepod. Acartia tonsa. M. S. thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 1971
   Google Scholar
• Bradley B. P. Comparison of Residual Biotoxicity of Chlorine and Bromine Chloride to Copepods. Tech. Rep. No. 47., Water Resources Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park 1978
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter E. J., Peck B. B., Anderson S. J. Survival of copepods passing through a nuclear power station on Long Island Sound, USA. Mar. Biol. 1974; 24: 49
   Google Scholar
• Heinle D. R., Millsaps H. S., Jr., Millsaps C. V. Zooplankton studies Morgantown. Proc. Second Workshop Entrainment and Intake Screening, L. D. Jensen. Department of Geography And Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1974; 157
   Google Scholar
• Marcy B. C., Jr., Beck A. D., Ulanowicz R. E. Effects and impacts of physical stress on entrained organisms. Power Plant Entrainment. A Biological Assessment, J. R. Schubel, B. C. Marcy, Jr. Academic Press, New York 1978; 135
   Google Scholar
• Liden L. H., Burton D. T., Margrey S. L., Bongers L. H. Comparative biotoxicity of bromochlorinated and chlorinated power plant condenser cooling waters to selected estuarine organisms. Assoc. Southeastern Biol. Bull. 1979; 26: 83
   Google Scholar
• Waugh G. D. Observations on the effects of chlorine on the larvae of oysters(Ostrea edulis L.) and barnacles(Elminius modestus Darwin). Ann. Appl. Biol. 1964; 54: 423
   Google Scholar
• Capuzzo J. M., Lawrence S. A., Davidson J. A. Combined toxicity of free chlorine, chloramine and temperature to stage I larvae of the American lobsterHomarus americanus. Water Res. 1976; 10: 1093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capuzzo J. M., Goldman J. C., Davidson J. A., Lawrence S. A. Chlorinated cooling water in the marine environment: development of effluent guidelines. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1977; 8: 161
   Google Scholar
• Gibson C. I., Thatcher T. D., Apts C. W. Some effects of temperature, chlorine, and copper on the survival and growth of the coon stripe shrimp. Thermal Ecology II, G. W. Esch, R. W. McFarlane. ERDA Symp. Ser. No. 40, Technical Information Center, Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington, D. C. 1976; 88
   Google Scholar
• CONF-750425, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., Also
   Google Scholar
• Thatcher T. D. The relative sensitivity of Pacific northwest fishes and invertebrates to chlorinated sea water. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan 1978; Vol. 2: 341
   Google Scholar
• Vreenegoor S. M., Block R. M., Rhoderick J. C., Gullans S. R. The effects of chlorination on the osmoregulatory ability of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Assoc. Southeastern Biol. Bull. 1977; 24: 93
   Google Scholar
• Roosenburg W. H., Block R. M., Rhoderick J. C. The influence of chlorine produced oxidants on larval stages of the soft clam. Mya arenaria, Assoc. Southeastern Biol. Bull. 1977; 24: 82
   Google Scholar
• Roberts M. H., Jr. Effects of chlorinated sea water on decapod crustaceans. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan 1978; Vol. 2.: 329
   Google Scholar
• Hall L. W., Jr., Burton D. T., Margrey S. L. Chlorine, temperature and exposure duration effects of power plant effluents on juvenile blue crabsCallinectes sapidus and grass shrimp. Palaemonetes pugio, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1979; 5: 749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall L. W., Jr., Burton D. T., Margrey S. L., Liden L. H. The effect of chlorine, temperature and exposure duration on juvenile blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus and grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Assoc. Southeastern Biol. Bull. 1979; 26: 88
   Google Scholar
• McLean R. I. Chlorine tolerance of the colonial hydroid. Bimeria franciscana, Chesapeake Sci. 1972; 13: 229
   Google Scholar
• Muchmore D., Epel D. The effects of chlorination of wastewater on fertilization in some marine invertebrates. Mar. Biol. 1973; 19: 93
   Google Scholar
• Thatcher T. D. An effect of chlorination on the hatching of coon stripe shrimp eggs: so what. Proc. Natl. Shellfish Assoc. 1977; 67: 71
   Google Scholar
• Stober Q. J., Dinnel P. A., Hurlbert E. F., DiJulio D. H., Felton S. P., Nakatani R. E. Effects of Seawater Chlorination on Marine Organisms. Rep. No. UW-NRC-9, Department of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle 1978
   Google Scholar
• Galtsoff P. S. Reaction of Oysters to Chlorination. Rep. No. 11, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 1946
   Google Scholar
• Block R. M. Physiological responses of estuarine organisms to chlorine. Chesapeake Sci. 1977; 18: 158
   Google Scholar
• Capuzzo J. M. The effects of free chlorine and chloramine on growth and respiration rates of larval lobsters. (Homarus americanus), Water Res. 1977; 11: 1021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roesijadi G., Jacobsen D. M., Bridge J. R., Crecelius E. A. Disruption of magnesium regulation in the crab,Cancer productus exposed to chlorinated sea water. Mar. Environ. Res. 1979; 2: 71
   Google Scholar
• Rhoderick J. C., Block R. M., Roosenburg W. H., Drobeck R. Effects of chlorination to the American oyster,Crassostrea virginica at two temperatures. Assoc. Southeastern Biol. Bull. 1977; 24: 80
   Google Scholar
• Scott G. I., Middaugh D. P. Seasonal chronic toxicity of chlorination to the American oyster,Crassostrea virginica G. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan 1978; Vol. 2.: 311
   Google Scholar
• Meldrim J. W., Gift J. J., Petrosky B. R. The Effect of Temperature and Chemical Pollutants on the Behavior of Several Estuarine Organisms. Bull. No. 11, Ichthyological Associates, Ithaca, N.Y. 1974
   Google Scholar
• Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Temperature and chemical (chlorine) avoidance studies. Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological), Salem Nuclear Generating Station – Unit 1, 1977 Report. Public Service Electrical and Gas Company, Newark, N.J. 1978, Sect. 4.2.3.
   Google Scholar
• James W. G. Mussel Fouling and the Use of Chlorine (Carmarthen Bay). Low Level Chlorination for the Control of Marine Fouling, by Beauchamp, R.S.A., Report for the Central Electricity Generating Board. LeatherheadEngland 1966, Appendix I
   Google Scholar
• White W. R. The Effect of Low-Level Chlorination on Mussels at Poole Power Station. Lab. Note No. RD/L/N17/66, Central Electricity Generating Board, LeatherheadEngland 1966
   Google Scholar
• White W. R. Settlement and growth of mussels. Symposium on Marine Biology. Res. Lab. Memorandum No. RD/L/M 269, Central Electricity Generating Board, LeatherheadEngland 1969; 39
   Google Scholar
• Holmes N. J. The suppression of mussel fouling by chlorination. Symposium on Marine Biology. Res. Lab. Memorandum No. RD/L/M 269, Central Electricity Generating Board, LeatherheadEngland 1969; 35
   Google Scholar
• Beauchamp R. S. A. The use of chlorine in the cooling water system of a coastal power station. Chesapeake Sci. 1969; 10: 280
   Google Scholar
• Behrens D. W., Larsen B. C. Effects of Intermittent Chlorination on Selected Invertebrate Species Indigenous to Diablo Cove – A Laboratory Study. Report No. 7846, 7–76, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San RamonCalifornia 1976
   Google Scholar
• Ginn T. C., Waller W. T., Lauer G. J. The effects of power plant condenser cooling water entrainment on the amphipod. Gammarus sp., Water Res. 1974; 8: 937
   Google Scholar
• Ginn T. C., O'Connor J. M. Response of the estuarine amphipodGammarus daiberi to chlorinated power plant effluent. Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 1978; 6: 459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderson R. The Survival of Flatfish Eggs, Larvae, and Post-Larvae in Low Concentrations of Free Chlorine. ICES No. 27, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Port Erin, U.K., 1969
   Google Scholar
• Alderson R. Effects of low concentrations of free chlorine on eggs and larvae of plaice,Pleuronectes platessa L. Marine Pollution and Sea Life, M. Ruivo. Fishing News Books, Surrey, England 1972; 312
   Google Scholar
• Alderson R. Sea-water chlorination and the survival and growth of the early developmental stages of plaice,Pleuronectes platessa L., and dover sole,Solea solea (L.). Aquaculture 1974; 4: 41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson A. G., Williams T. D., Arnold C. R. Chlorine-induced mortality of eggs and larvae of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1977; 106: 466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middaugh D. P., Couch J. A., Crane A. M. Responses of early life history stages of the striped bass,Morone saxatilis to chlorination. Chesapeake Sci. 1977; 18: 141
   Google Scholar
• Morgan R. P., II, Prince R. D. Chlorine toxicity to eggs and larvae of five Chesapeake Bay fishes. Trans, Am. Fish Soc. 1977; 106: 380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan R. P., II, Prince R. D. Chlorine effects on larval development of striped bass (Morone saxatilis), white perch (M. americana) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis). Trans, Am. Fish Soc. 1978; 107: 636
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoss D. E., Coston L. C., Baptist J. P., Engel D. W. Effects of temperature, copper and chlorine on fish during simulated entrainment in power plant condenser cooling systems. Environmental Effects of Cooling Systems at Nuclear Power Plants. International Atomic Energy Agency, ViennaAustria 1975; 519
   Google Scholar
• Middaugh D. P., Dean J. M., Domey R. G., Floyd G. Effect of thermal stress and total residual chlorination on early life stages of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. Mar. Biol. 1978; 46: 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton D. T., Hall L. W., Jr., Margrey S. L., Small R. D. Interactions of chlorine, temperature change (ΔT) and exposure time on survival of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs and prolarvae. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 1979; 36: 1108
   Google Scholar
• Burton D. T., Hall L. W., Jr., Margrey S. L. Eleventh Mid-Atlantic Industrial Wastes Conf. Proc. Multifactorial chlorine, ΔT and exposure duration studies of power plant effluents on estuarine ichthyoplankton. Pennsylvania State University, University Park 1979; 223
   Google Scholar
• Hall L. W., Jr., Burton D. T., Margrey S. L. The effects of chlorine, elevated temperature and exposure duration of power plant effluents on larval white perch,Morone americana (Gmelin). Water Resour. Bull. 1979; 15: 1365
   Google Scholar
• Marcy D. C., Jr. Vulnerability and survival of young Connecticut River fish entrained at a nuclear power plant. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 1973; 30: 1195
   Google Scholar
• Holland G. A., Laster J. E., Neumann E. D., Eldridge W. E. Toxic Effects of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants on Young Salmon and Trout. Res. Bull. No. 5. Department of Fisheries, Washington 1960
   Google Scholar
• Engstrom D. G., Kirkwood J. B. Median tolerance limits of selected marine fish and lobster larvae to temperature and chlorinity. Supplement to Pre-operational Report on Pilgrim Nuclear Studies. Boston Edison Co., Massachusetts 1974; IIB3
   Google Scholar
• Margrey S. L., Burton D. T., Richardson L. B. A preliminary study of chlorine toxicity to Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and hogchoker (Trinectes maculatus). Assoc. Southeaster Biol. Bull. 1976; 23: 78
   Google Scholar
• Bellanca M. A., Bailey D. S. Effects of chlorinated effluents on aquatic ecosystems in the lower James River. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 1977; 49: 639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gullans S. R., Block R. M., Rhoderick J. C., Burton D. T., Liden L. H. Effects of continuous chlorination on white perch (Morone americana) and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) at two temperatures. Assoc. Southeaster Biol. Bull. 1977; 24: 55
   Google Scholar
• Liden L. H., Burton D. T. Survival of juvenile Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) exposed to bromine chloride- and chlorine-treated estuarine waters. J. Environ. Sci. Health 1977; A12: 375
   Google Scholar
• Middaugh D. P., Crane A. M., Couch J. A. Toxicity of chlorine to juvenile spot. Leiostomus xanthurus, Water Res. 1977; 11: 1089
   Google Scholar
• Buckley J. A., Matsuola R. I. Toxicity of the West Point Treatment Plant Effluent to Coho Salmon. Oncorhynchus kisutch. Washington 1972, Report for Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle
   Google Scholar
• Buckley J. A., Matsuola R. I. Toxicity of the Renton treatment Plant Effluent to Coho Salmon. Oncorhynchus kisutch. Washington 1973, Report for Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle
   Google Scholar
• Consolidated Edison Company of New York. Lauers bioassay work. Environmental Report. Con Edison of New York. 1973; 29, Indian Point No. 3, Appendices Vol. IV, Section IIIA
   Google Scholar
• Consolidated Edison Company of New York. Lauers bioassay work. Environmental Report. Con Edison of New York. 1973; 42, Indian Point No. 3, Appendices Vol. III, Section III.C.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes J. S. Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). paper presented at the Western Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1973
   Google Scholar
• Hughes J. S. Striped Bass. Morone saxatilis. Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, La. 1975, (Walbaum), Culture Investigations in Louisiana with Notes of Sensitivity of Fry and Fingerlings to Various Chemicals, Fish. Bull. No. 15
   Google Scholar
• Anderson C. D., Brown D. J., Ketschke B. A., Elliot E. M., Pike P. L. The Effects of the Addition of a Fourth Generating Unit at the Salem Harbor Generating Station on the Marine Ecosystem at Salem Harbor. Department of Fisheries, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Boston 1975, Rep. for the Div. of Marine Fisheries
   Google Scholar
• Capuzzo J. M., Davidson J. A., Lawrence S. A., Libni M. The differential effects of free and combined chlorine on juvenile marine fish. Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 1977; 5: 733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoss D. E., Clements L. C., Colby D. R. Synergistic effects of exposure to temperature and chlorine on survival of young-of-the year estuarine fishes. Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants, F. J. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. P. Thurberg, W. B. Vernberg. Academic Press, New York 1977; 345
   Google Scholar
• Stober Q. J., Hanson C. H. Toxicity of chlorine and heat to pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chinook salmon (O. ishawytscha). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1974; 103: 569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley J. A. Acute toxicity of residual chlorine in wastewater to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and some resultant hematological changes. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 1976; 33: 2854
   Google Scholar
• Buckley J. A., Whitmore C. M., Matsuada R. I. Changes in blood chemistry and blood cell morphology in coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) following exposure to sublethal levels of total residual chlorine in municipal wastewater. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 1976; 33: 776
   Google Scholar
• Block R. M., Rhoderick J. C., Gullans S. R. Physiological responses of white perch (Morone americana) to chlorine. Assoc. Southeastern Biol. Bull. 1977; 24: 37
   Google Scholar
• Buckley J. A. Heinz body hemolytic anemia in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exposed to chlorinated wastewater. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 1977; 34: 215
   Google Scholar
• Block R. M., Burton D. T., Gullans S. R., Richardson L. B. Respiratory and osmoregulatory responses of white perch (Morone americana) exposed to chlorine and ozone in estuarine waters. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, H. Gorchev, D. H. Hamilton, Jr. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Michigan 1978; Vol. 2: 351
   Google Scholar
• Meldrim J. W., Fava J. A., Jr. Behavioral avoidance responses of estuarine fishes to chlorine. Chesapeake Sci. 1977; 18: 154
   Google Scholar
• Cripe C. R. An automated device (AGARS) for studying avoidance of pollutant gradients by aquatic organisms. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 1979; 36: 11
   Google Scholar
• Thatcher T. D. A morphological defect in shiner perch resulting from chronic exposure to chlorinated sea water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1979; 21: 433
   PubMedGoogle Scholar