283
Views
190
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Influence of Salinity on the Toxicity of Various Classes of Chemicals to Aquatic Biota

&
Pages 281-346 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

References

  • Dardeau M. R., Modlin R. F., Schroder W. W., Stout J. P. Estuaries. Biodiversity of the Southeastern United States, C. T. Hackney, S. M. Adams, W. H. Martin. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1992; 614
  • Diaz R. J. Benthic resources of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. Contaminant Problems and Management of Living Chesapeake Bay Resources, S. K. Majumdar, L. W. Hall, Jr., H. M. Austin. Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, Easton, PA 1987; 158
  • Boicourt W. Influence of circulation process on dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay. Oxygen Dynamics in Chesapeake Bay, D. E. Smith, M. Leffler, G. MacKernan. Maryland Sea Grant, College Park, MD 1992; 7
  • Macon T. T., Worthington E. B. Life in lakes and rivers. New Naturalist Series. William Collins, London 1951; 272
  • Boesch D. F. A new look at the zonation of benthos along the estuarine gradient. Ecology of Marine Benthos, B. C. Coull. University Press, Columbia, SC 1977; 245
  • Hall L. W., Jr., Anderson R. D. A Review of Estuarine Aquatic Toxicity Data for the Development of Aquatic Life Criteria for Atrazine in Chesapeake Bay. Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore 1991
  • Stephan C. E., Mount D. I., Hansen D. J., Gentile J. H., Chapman G. A., Brungs W. A. Guidelines for Deriving Numeral National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 1985
  • Bryant V., Newbery D. M., McLusky D. S., Campbell R. Effect of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of arsenic to three estuarine invertebrates (Corophium volutator, Macoma balthica, Tubifex costatus). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser 1985; 24: 129
  • Manahan S. E. Toxicological Chemistry. Lewis, Chelsea, MI 1992
  • Chapman P. M., Farrell M. A., Brinkhurst R. O. Relative tolerances of selected aquatic oligochaetes to combinations of pollutants and environmental factors. Aquat. Toxicol 1982; 2: 69
  • Roed K. H. Effects of salinity and cadmium interaction on reproduction and growth during three successive generations Ophryotrocha labronica (Polychaeta). Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters 1980; 33: 47
  • Ringwood A. H. The relative sensitivities of different life stages ofIsognomon califomicum to cadmium toxicity. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1990; 19: 338
  • Forbes V. E. Response ofHydrobia ventrosa (Montagu) to environmental stress; effects of salinity fluctuations and cadmium exposure on growth. Function. Ecol 1991; 5: 642
  • DeLisle P. F., Roberts M. H., Jr. The effect of salinity of cadmium toxicity to the estuarineMysidopsis bahia: role of chemical speciation. Aquat. Toxicol 1988; 12: 357
  • Voyer R. A., McGovern D. G. Influence of constant and fluctuating salinity on responses ofMysidopsis bahia exposed to cadmium in a life-cycle test. Aquat. Toxicol 1991; 19: 215
  • DeLisle P. F., Roberts M. H. The effect of salinity of cadmium toxicity to the estuarine mysid,Mysidopsis bahia: roles of osmoregulation and calcium. Mar. Environ. Res 1994; 37: 47
  • Voyer R. A., Modica G. Influence of salinity and temperature on acute toxicity of cadmium toMysidopsis bahia Molenock. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1990; 19: 124
  • Middaugh D. P., Floyd G. The effect of prehatch and posthatch exposure to cadmium on salinity tolerance of larval grass shrimp. Palaemonetes pugio, Estuaries 1978; 1: 123
  • Vernberg W. B., DeCoursey P. J., Kelly M., Johns D. M. Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium on adultPalaemonetes pugio under static and flow-through conditions. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1977; 17: 16
  • Sunda W. G., Engel D. W., Thuotte R. M. Effect of chemical speciation on toxicity of cadmium to grass shrimp,Palaemonetes pugio: importance of free cadmium ion. Environ. Sci. Technol 1978; 12: 409
  • Frank P. M., Robertson P. B. The influence of salinity on toxicity of cadmium and chromium to the blue crab. Callinectes sapidus, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1979; 21: 74
  • Rosenberg R., Costlow J. D., Jr. Syn-ergistic effects of cadmium and salinity combined with constant and cycling temperatures on the larval development of two estuarine crab species. Mar. Bioi 1976; 38: 291
  • O'Hara J. Cadmium uptake of fiddler crabs exposed to temperature and salinity stress. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can 1973; 30: 846
  • Weis J. S. Interactions of mefhylmercury, cadmium, and salinity on regeneration in the fiddler crabs,Uca pugilator, U. pugnax. U. minax, Mar. Biol 1978; 49: 119
  • Thurberg F. P., Dawson M. A., Collier R. S. Effects of copper and cadmium on os-moregulation and oxygen consumption in two species of estuarine crabs. Mar. Biol 1973; 23: 171
  • Sullivan J. K. Effects of salinity and temperature on the acute toxicity of cadmium to the estuarine crabParagrapsus gaimardii (Milne Edwards). Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res 1977; 28: 739
  • von Westernhagen H., Rosenthal H., Sperling K. R. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of herring eggs. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters 1974; 26: 416
  • von Westernhagen H., Dethlefsen V., Rosenthal H. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of garpike eggs. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters 1975; 27: 268
  • Eisler R. Cadmium poisoning inFundulus heteroclitus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) and other marine organisms. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can 1971; 28: 1225
  • Middaugh D. P., Dean J. M. Comparative sensitivity of eggs, larvae and adults of the estuarine teleosts,Fundulus heteroclitus and Menidia menidia to cadmium. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1977; 17: 645
  • Voyer R. A. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the acute toxicity of cadmium to the mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) at various salinities. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc 1975; 1: 125
  • Voyer R. A., Heltsche J. F., Kraus R. A. Hatching success and larval mortality in an estuarine teleost,Menidia menidia (Linnaeus), exposed to cadmium in constant and fluctuating salinity regimes. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicoi 1979; 23: 475
  • Palawski D., Hunn J. B., Dwyer F. J. Sensitivity of young striped bass to organic and inorganic contaminants in fresh and saline waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc 1985; 114: 748
  • Voyer R. A., Wentworth C. E., Jr., Barry E. P., Hennekey R. J. Viability of embryos of the winter flounderPseudo-pleuronectes americanus exposed to combinations of cadmium and salinity at selected temperatures. Mar. Biol 1977; 44: 117
  • Voyer R. A., Cardin J. A., Heltshe J. F., Hoffman G. L. Viability of embryos of the winter flounderPseudopleuronectes americanus exposed to mixtures of cadmium and silver in combination with selected fixed salinities. Aquat. Toxicoi 1982; 2: 223
  • von Westernhagen H., Dethlefsen V. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of flounder eggs. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K 1975; 55: 945
  • Sunda W. G., Tester P. A., Huntsman S. A. Effects of cupric and zinc ion activities on the survival and reproduction of marine copepods. Mar. Biol 1987; 94: 203
  • Engle D. W., Fowler B. A. Factors influencing cadmium accumulation and its toxicity to marine organisms. Environ. Health Perspect 1979; 28: 81
  • Hall L. W., Jr., Anderson R. D. The Effect of Salinity on the Acute Toxicity of Total and Free Cadmium to the Copepod,Eurytemora affinis and the Larval Fish. Cyprinodon variegatus. Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore 1994
  • Frey B. E., Riedel G. F., Bass A. E., Small L. F. Sensitivity of estuarine phy-toplankton to haxavalent chromium. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci 1983; 17: 181
  • Bryant V., McLusky D. S., Roddie K., Newbery D. M. Effect of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of chromium to three estuarine invertebrates. (Chorphium volutator, Macoma balthica, Nereis diversi-color), Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser 1984; 20: 137
  • Fales R. R. The influence of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of hexavalent chromium to the grass shrimpPalaemonetes pugio (Holthuis). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1978; 20: 447
  • McKlusky D. S., Hagerman L. The toxicity of chromium, nickel and zinc: effects of salinity and temperature, and the osmo-regulatory consequences in the mysid. Praunus flexuosus, Aquat. Toxicol 1987; 10: 225
  • Martinez J., Soto Y., Vives-Rego J., Bianchi M. Toxicity of Cu, Ni and alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the naturally occurring bacteria in the Rhone River Plume. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 1991; 10: 641
  • Jones L. H., Jones N. V., Radlett A. J. Some effects of salinity on the toxicity of copper to the polychaete. Nereis diversi-color, Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci 1976; 4: 107
  • MacInnes J. R., Calabrese A. Combined effects of salinity, temperature and copper on embryos and early larvae of the American oyster. Crassostrea virginica, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1979; 8: 553
  • Coglianese M. P. The effects of salinity on copper and silver toxicity to embryos of the Pacific oyster. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1982; 11: 297
  • Webber R. E., Swaan A., de Bang A. Interactive effects of ambient copper and anoxia, temperature and salinity stress on survival and hemolymph and muscle tissue osmotic effectorsMytilus edulis. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol 1992; 159: 135
  • Lang W. H., Forward R. B., Jr., Miller D. C., Marey M. Acute toxicity and sublethal behavioral effects of copper on barnacle nauplii. (Balanus improvisus), Mar. Biol 1980; 58: 139
  • McLeese D. W. Toxicity of copper at two temperatures and three salinities to the American lobster (Homarus americanus). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can 1974; 31: 1949
  • Peppard E. M., Walters W. R., Avault J. W., Perry W. G. Toxicity of che-lated copper to juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. J. World Aquacult. Soc 1991; 22: 101
  • Hrs-Brenko M., Claus C., Bubic S. Synergistic effects of lead, salinity and temperature on embryonic development of the mussel. Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mar. Biol 1977; 44: 109
  • Gray J. S. The effects of salinity, temperature and mercury on mortality of the troco-phore larvae ofSerpula vermicularis L. (Annelida: Polychaeta). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol 1976; 23: 127
  • Vernberg W. B., DeCoursey P. J., Padgett W. J. Synergistic effects of environmental variables on larvae ofUca pugilator (Bosc). Mar. Biol 1973; 22: 307
  • Roesijadi G., Petrocelli S. R., Anderson J. W., Presley B. J., Sims R. Survival and chloride ion regulation of the porcelain crabPetrolisthes armatus exposed to mercury. Mar. Biol 1974; 27: 213
  • Weis J. S. Limb regeneration in fiddler crabs: species differences and effects of methylmer-cury. Biol. Bull 1977; 152: 263
  • McKenney C. L., Jr., Costlow J. D., Jr. The effects of salinity and mercury on developing megalopse and early crab stages of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants, F. J. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. A. Thurberg, W. B. Vernberg. Academic Press, New York 1981; 241
  • McKenney C. L., Jr., Costlow J. D., Jr. The effects of mercury on developing larvae ofRhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould). I. Interactions of temperature, salinity and mercury on larval development. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Scl 1982; 14: 193
  • Nelson D. A., Calabrese A., MacInnes J. R. Mercury stress on juvenile bay scallops,Argopecten irradians, under various salinity-temperature regimes. Mar. Biol 1977; 43: 293
  • Prakasam V. R. Salinity effect on the tox-icity of mercury II chloride. Oreochromis mossambicus, Indian J. Environ. Health 1989; 31: 339
  • Bryant V., Newbery D. M., McLusky D. S., Campbell R. Effect of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of nickel and zinc to two estuarine invertebrates (Corophium volutator, Macoma balthica). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser 1985; 24: 139
  • Babich H., Stotsky G. Nickel toxicity to estuarine/marine fungi and its amelioration by magnesium in sea water. Water, Air Soil Pollut 1983; 19: 193
  • Babich H., Stotsky G. Temperature, pH, salinity, hardness and particulates mediate nickel toxicity to bacteria, an actinomycete and yeasts in lake simulated estuarine and sea waters. Aquat. Toxicol 1983; 3: 195
  • Fernandez T. V., Jones N. V. Studies on the toxicity of zinc and copper applied singly and jointly toNereis diversicolor at different salinities and temperatures. Trop. Ecol 1990; 31: 47
  • Cotter A. J. R., Phillips D. J. H., Ahsanullah M. The significance of temperature, salinity and zinc as lethal factors for the musselMytilus edulis in a polluted estuary. Mar. Biol 1982; 68: 135
  • McKenney C. L., Jr., Neff J. M. Individual effects and interactions of salinity, temperature, and zinc on larval development of the grass shrimpPalaemonetes pugio. I. Survival and developmental duration through metamorphosis. Mar. Biol 1979; 52: 177
  • Herbert D. W. M., Wakeford A. C. The susceptibility of salmonid fish to poisons under estuarine conditions. I. Zinc sulphate. Int. J. Air Water Pollut 1964; 8: 251
  • Birdsong C. L., Avault J. W., Jr. Toxicity of certain chemicals to juvenile pom-pano. Prog. Fish Cult April, 1971; 76
  • Reardon I. S., Harrell R. M. Acute toxicity of formalin and copper sulfate to striped bass fingerlings held in varying salinities. Aquaculture 1990; 87: 255
  • Snell T. W., Moffat B. D., Janssen C., Persoone G. Acute toxicity tests using rotifers. IV. Effects of cyst age, temperature, and salinity on the sensitivity. Brachionus calyciflorus, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf 1991; 21: 308
  • van Dijk J. J., van der Meer C., Wijnans M. The toxicity of sodium pen-tachlorophenol for three species of decapod crustacean and their larvae. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1977; 17: 622
  • Scott G. I., Middaugh D. P., Sammons T. I. Interactions of chlorine-produced oxi-dants (CPO) and salinity in affecting lethal and sublethal effects in the eastern or American oyster,Crassostrea virginica, (Gmelin), infected with the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms, W. B. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. P. Thurberg, F. J. Vernberg. Academic Press, New York 1984; 351
  • Tedengren M., Kautsky N. Comparative stress response to diesel oil and salinity changes of the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis from the Baltic and North Seas. Ophelia 1987; 28: 1
  • Engelhardt F. R., Wong M. P., Duey M. E. Hydromineral balance and gill morphology in rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri, acclimated to fresh and sea water, as affected by petroleum exposure. Aquat Toxicol 1981; 1: 175
  • Linden O., Sharp J. R., Laughlin R., Jr., Neff J. M. Interactive effects of salinity, temperature and chronic exposure to oil on the survival and developmental rate of embryos of the estuarine killifish. Fundulus heteroclitus, Mar. Biol 1979; 51: 101
  • Linden O., Laughlin R., Jr., Sharp J. R., Neff J. M. The combined effect of salinity, temperature and oil on the growth pattern of embryos of the killifish. Fundulus heteroclitus Walbaum, Mar. Environ. Res 1980; 3: 129
  • Laughlin R. B., Jr., Neff J. M. Interactive effects of salinity, temperature and poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the survival and development rate of larvae of the mud crab. Rhithropanopeus harrisii, Mar. Biol 1979; 53: 281
  • Dange A. D. Branchial NA+-K2+-ATPase inhibition in a fresh-water euryhaline teleost, tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), during short-term exposure to toluene or naphthalene: influence of salinity. Environ. Pollut. Ser. A 1986; 2: 273
  • Levitan W. M., Taylor M. H. Physiology of salinity-dependent naphthalene toxic-ity. Fundulus heteroclitus, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can 1979; 36: 615
  • Medlin L. K. Effects of di-N-butyl phtha-late and salinity on the growth of the diatom Skeletonema costatum. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1980; 25: 75
  • Roesijadi G., Anderson J. W., Petrocelli S. R., Giam C. S., Neff G. E. Toxicity of poly chlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) to adult, juvenile and larval stages of the shrimp. Palaemonetes pugio, Bull. Environ. Toxicol 1976; 15: 297
  • Eisler R. Some effects of a synthetic detergent on estuarine fishes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc 1965; 94: 26
  • Linton T. K., Mayer F. L., Simon T. L., Malone J. A., Marking L. L. Salinity and temperature effects on chronic toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol to sheeps-head minnows. (Cyprinodon variegatus), Environ. Toxicol. Chem 1994; 13: 85
  • Brecken-Folse J. A., Foster L. M., Pedigo L. E., Marking L. L. Acute toxicity of 4-dinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, terbufos and trichlorfon to grass shrimp (Palaemontes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) as affected by salinity and temperature. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 1994; 13: 67
  • Hall L. W., Jr., Ziegenfuss M. C., Anderson R. D., Spittler T. D., Leichtweis H. C. Influence of salinity on atrazine toxicity to a Chesapeake Bay copepod (Eurytemora affinis) and fish (Cyprinodon variegatus). Estuaries 1994; 17: 181
  • Hall L. W., Jr., Ziegenfuss M. C., Anderson R. D. The Influence of Salinity on the Chronic Toxicity of Atrazine to an Estuarine Copepod: Filling a Data Need for Development of an Estuarine Chronic Criterion. Draft Report. Ciba Geigy Corporation, Greensboro, NC 1994
  • Eisler R. Factors affecting pesticide-induced toxicity in an estuarine fish. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl. (U.S.) Tech 1970; 45: 20
  • Fulton M. H., Scott G. I. The effect of certain intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the acute toxicity of selected organophosphorous insecticides to the mummichog. Fundulus heteroclitus, J. Environ. Sci. Health 1992; B26: 459
  • Scott G. I., Fulton M. H., Moore D. W., Chandler G. T., Bidleman T. F., Key P. B., Hampton T. W., Marcus J. M., Jackson K. L., Baughman D. S., Trim A. H., Williams L., Louden C. J., Patterson E. R. Agricultural Insecticide Runoff Effects on Estuarine Organisms: Correlating Laboratory and Field Toxicity Testing with Eco-toxicologial Biomonitoring, Project Summary. U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 1991
  • Katz M. Acute toxicity of some organic insecticides to three species of salmonids and to the three-spine stickleback. Trans. Fish. Soc 1961; 90: 264
  • Eisler R. Acute toxicities of insecticides to marine decapod crustaceans. Crustaceana 1969; 16: 302
  • Johnston J., Corbett M. The effects of salinity and a simulated tidal cycle on the toxicity of fenitrithion by the blue crab. Callinectes sapidus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol 1985; 80: 145
  • Monserrat J. M., Rodriguez E. M., Lombardo R. J. Effects of salinity on the toxicity of parathion to the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 1991; 46: 569
  • Borthwick P. W. Effects of Salinity Change on Acute Lethal Responses of Bay Mysids. (Mysidopsis bahia) to Three Insecticides. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL 1986, EPA/600/ X-86/272
  • McKenney C. L., Jr., Hamaker D. B. Effects of fenvalerate on larval development ofPalaemonetes pugio (Holthuis) and on larval metabolism during osmotic stress. Aquat. Toxicol 1984; 5: 343
  • Dyer S. D., Coats J. R., Bradbury S. P., Atchison G. J., Clark J. M. Effects of water hardness and salinity on the acute toxicity and uptake of fenvalerate by bluegill. (Lepomis macrochirus), Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicoi 1989; 42: 359
  • Brand L. E., Sunda W. G., Guillard R. R. L. Limitation of marine phytoplank-ton reproductive rates by zinc, manganese and iron. Limnol. Oceanogr 1983; 28: 1182
  • Brand L. E., Sunda W. G., Guillard R. R. L. Reduction of marine phytoplank-ton reproduction rates by copper and cadmium. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol 1986; 96: 225
  • Sprague J. B. Factors that modify toxicity. Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, G. M. Rand, S. R. Petrocelli. Hemisphere, Washington, D.C. 1985; 124
  • Herbert D. W. M., Shurben D. S. The susceptibility of salmonid fish to poisons under estuarine conditions. II. Ammonium chloride. Int. J. Air Water. Pollut 1965; 9: 89

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.