69
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Fludarabine, Arabinosyl Cytosine and Idarubicin (FLAI) for Remission Induction in Poor-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 335-343 | Received 12 Feb 2000, Published online: 01 Jul 2009

References

  • Bloomfield C D, Shuma C, Regal L, Philip P P, Hossfeld D K, Hagemeijer A M, Garson O M, Peterson B A, Sakurai M, Alimena G, Berger R, Rowley J D, Ruutu T, Mitelman F, Dewald G W, Swansbury J. Long-term survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a third follow-up of the Fourth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia. Cancer 1997; 80(Suppl 11)2191–2198
  • Estey E, Thall P, Beran M, Kantarjian H, Pierce S, Keating M. Effect of diagnosis (refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) on outcome of AML-type chemotherapy. Blood 1997; 90: 2969–2977
  • Mandelli F, Petti M C, Lo Coco F. Therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: towards a patient-oriented, risk-adapted approach. Haematologica 1998; 83(11)1015–1023
  • Marie J P, Zittoun R, Sikic B I. Multidrug resistance (mdr 1) gene expression in adult acute leukemias: correlations with treatment outcome and in vitro drug sensitivity. Blood 1991; 78: 586–592
  • Campos L, Guyotat D, Archimbaud E, Calmard-Oriol P, Tsuruo T, Troncy J, Treille D, Fiere D. Clinical significance of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein expression on acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia cells at diagnosis. Blood 1992; 79: 473–476
  • Wood P, Burgess R, MacGregor A, Yin J. P-glycoprotein expression on acute myeloid leukemia blast cells at diagnosis predicts response to chemotherapy and survival. British Journal of Haematology 1994; 87: 509–514
  • Lamy T, Goasguen J E, Mordelet E, Grulois I, Dauriac C, Drenou B, Chaperon J, Fauchet R, le Prise P Y. P-glycoprotein (p-170) and CD34 expression in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia 1994; 8: 1879–1883
  • Damiani D, Michieli M, Ermacora A, Candoni A, Raspadori D, Geromin A, Stocchi R, Grimaz S, Masolini P, Michelutti A, Scheper R J, Baccarani M. P-glycoprotein (PGP), and not lung resistance-related protein (LRP), is a negative prognostic factor in secondary leukemias. Haematologica 1998; 83: 290–297
  • Michieli M, Damiani D, Ermacora A, Masolini P, Raspadori D, Visani G, Scheper R J, Baccarani M. P-glycoprotein, lung resistance-related protein and multidrug resistance associated protein in de novo acute non lymphocytic leukemias: biological and clinical implications. British Journal of Haematology 1999; 104: 328–335
  • Raspadori D, Lauria F, Ventura M A, Rondelli D, Visani G, de Vivo A, Tura S. Incidence and prognostic relevance of CD34 expression in acute myeloblasts leukemia: analysis of 141 cases. Leukemia Research 1997; 21: 603–607
  • Campos L, Rouault J P, Sabido O, Oriol P, Roubi N, Vasselan C, Archimbaud E. High expression of bcl-2 protein in acute myeloid leukemia cells is associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Blood 1993; 81: 3091–3096
  • Maung Z T, McLean F R, Reid M M, Pearson A DJ, Proctor Sj, Hamilton P J, Hall A G. The relationship between bcl-2 expression and the response to chemotherapy in acute leukemia. British Journal of Haematology 1994; 88: 105–109
  • Lauria F, Raspadori D, Rondelli D, Ventura M A, Fiacchini M, Visani G, Forconi F, Tura S. High bcl-2 expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells correlates with CD34 positivity and complete remission rate. Leukemia 1997; 11: 2075–2078
  • Kasimir-Bauer S, Ottinger H, Meusers P, Beelen D W, Brittinger G, Seeber S, Scheulen M E. In acute myeloid leukemia, coexpression of at least two proteins, including P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance related protein, bcl-2, and the heat shock protein 27, is predictive of the response to induction chemotherapy. Experimental Hematology 1998; 26(12)1111–1117
  • Karakas T, Maurer U, Weidman E, Miething C C, Hoelzer D, Bergman L. High expression of bcl-2 mRNA as a determinant of poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Annals of Oncology 1998; 9: 159–165
  • Zittoun R A, Mandelli F, Willemze R, et al. Autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation compared with the intensive consolidation chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 1995; 332: 217–227
  • Gale R P, Buchner T, Zhang M -J, Heinecke A, Champlin R E, Dicke K A, Gluckman E, Gratwohl A, Herzig R H, Keating A, Klein J P, Marmont A M, Prentice H G, Rowlings P A, Sobocinski K A, Speck B, Weiner R S, Horowitz M M. HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants vs chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia in first remission. Leukemia 1996; 10: 1687–1691
  • Cassileth P A, Harrington D P, Appelbaum F R, Lazarus H M, Rowe J M, Paietta E, Willman C, Hurd D D, Bennet J M, Blume K G, Head D R, WierniK P H. Chemotherapy compared with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the managment of acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 339: 1649–1656
  • Leith C, Kopecky K J, Godwin J, McConnell T, Slovak M L, Chen I M, Head D R, Appelbaun E R, William C L. Acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: assessment of multidrug resistance (MDR1) and cytogenetics distinguishes biologic subgroups with remarkably distinct responses to standard chemotherapy. A Southwest Oncology Group Study. Blood 1997; 89: 3323–3329
  • Leith C P, Kopecky K J, Chen I M, Eijdems L, Slovak M L, McConnell T, Head D R, Weick J, Grever M R, Appelbaun E R, William C L. Frequency and clinical significance of the expression of the multidrug resistance proteins MDR1/P-glycoprotein, MRP1, and LRP in acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Blood 1999; 94: 1086–1099
  • Gekeler V, Frese G, Noller A, Handgretinger R, Wilish A, Schmidt H, Muller C P, Dopfe R, Keingebiel T, Diddens H, Probst H, Niethammer D. Mdr1/P-glycoprotein, topoisomerase, and glutathione-S-transferase gene expression in primary and relapsed state adult and childhood leukaemias. British Journal of Cancer 1992; 66: 507–517
  • Russo D, Marie J P, Zhou D C, Faussat A M, Delmer A, Maisonneuve L, Hoang Ngoc L, Baccarani M, Zittoun R. Coexpression of anionic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and multidrug resistance (mdrl) genes in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. Leukemia 1994; 8: 881–884
  • Berman E, McBride M. Comparative cellular pharmacology of daunorubicin and idarubicin in human multidrug-resistant leukemia cells. Blood 1992; 79: 3267–3273
  • Michieli M, Michelutti A, Damiani D, Pipan C, Raspadori D, Lauria F, Baccarani M. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of multidrug resistant (MDR) and non-MDR cells to different anthracycline derivatives. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1993; 9: 255–264
  • Tallman M S, Hakimian D. Purine nucleoside analogs: emerging roles in indolent lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 1995; 86: 2463–2474
  • Michelutti A, Michieli M, Damiani D, Melli C, Ermacora A, Grimaz S, Candoni A, Russo D, Fanin R, Baccarani M. Effect of fludarabine and arabinosylcytosine on multidrug resistan cells. Haematologica 1997; 82: 143–147
  • Gandhi V, Estey E, Keating M J, Plunkett W. Fludarabine potentiates metabolism of cytarabine in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia during therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993; 11: 116–124
  • Seymour J F, Peng H, Plunkett W, Gandhi V. Influence of Fludarabine on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cytarabine: Implications for a Continous Infusion Schedule. Clinical Cancer Research 1996; 2: 653–658
  • Tosi P, Visani G, Ottaviani E, Manfroi S, Zinzani P L, Tura S. Fludarabine+Ara-C+G-CSF: cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis on fresh acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 1994; 8: 2076–2082
  • Estey E, Plunkett W, Gandhi V, Rios M B, Kantarjian H, Keating M J. Fludarabine and arabinosylcytosine therapy of refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1993; 9: 343–350
  • Estey E H, Thall P F, Pierce S, Cortes J, Beran M, Kantarjian H, Keating M J, Andreeff M, Freireich E. Randomized phase II study of Fludarabine + Cytosine Arabinoside + Idarubicin +/- All-trans retinoic acid +/- granulocyte colony stimulating factor in poor prognosis newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 1999; 8: 2478–2484
  • Visani G, Tosi P, Zinzani P L, et al. FLAG (Fludarabine+high-dose cytarabine+G-CSF): an effective and tolerable protocol for the treatment of poor risk acute myeloid leukemias. Leukemia 1994; 8: 1842–46
  • Clavio M, Carrara P, Miglino M, Pierri I, Canepa L, Balleari E, Gatti A M, Cerri R, Celesti L, Vallebella E, Sessarego M, Patrone F, Ghio R, Damasio E, Gobbi M. High efficacy of fludarabine-containing therapy (FLAG-FLANG) on poor risk acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 1996; 81: 513–520
  • Huhmann I M, Watzke H H, Geissler K, Gisslinger H, Jäger U, Knöbl P, Pabinger I, Korninger L, Mannhalter C, Mitterbauer G, Schwarzinger I, Kalhs P, Haas O A, Lechner K. FLAG (fludarabine, cytosine arabinoside, G-CSF) for refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Annals of Hematology 1996; 73: 265–271
  • Montillo M, Mirto S, Petti M C, Latagliata R, Magrin S, Pinto A, Zagonel V, Mele G, Tedeschi A, Ferrara F. Fludarabine, cytarabine, and G-CSF (FLAG) for the treatment of poor risk acute myeloid leukemia. American Journal of hematology 1998; 58: 105–109
  • Michieli M, Damiani D, Ermacora A, Raspadori D, Michelutti A, Grimaz S, Fanin R, Russo D, Lauria F, Masolini P, Baccarani M. P-glycoprotein (PGP) and lung resistance-related protein (LRP) expression and function in leukaemic blast cells. British Journal of Haematology 1997; 96: 356–365
  • Kaplan E L, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal American Statistic Association 1958; 53: 457–481
  • Kolbfliesh J D, Prentice R L. The statistical analysis of failure time data. Wiley, New York, NY 1980
  • Peto R, Pike M C, Armitage P, Breslow N E, Cox D R, Howard S V, Mantel N, McPherson K, Peto J, Smith P G. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials required prolonged observation of each patient. II. Analysis and example. British Journal of Cancer 1977; 35: 1–39
  • Cox D R. The Analysis of Bynary Data. Chapman & Hall, London 1970
  • Wiernik P H, Banks P LC, Case D C, Arlin Z A, Periman P O, Todd M B, Ritch P S, Enck R E, Weitberg A B. Cytarabine plus Idarubicin oer Daunorubicin as induction and consolidation therapy for previously untreated adult patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1992; 79: 313–319
  • Kern W, Aul C, Maschmeyer G, Schonrock-Nabulsi R, Ludwig W D, Bartholomaus A, Bettlheim P, Wormann B, Buchner T, Hiddemann W, German AML Cooperative Group. Superiority of high-dose over intermediate-dose cytostne arabinoside in the treatment of patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia: results of an age-adjusted prospective randomized comparison. Leukemia 1998; 12: 1049–1055
  • Muus P, Zittoun R, Mandelli F, De Witte T, Willemze R, Resegotti L, Ferrini Rossi P, Liso V, Hayat M, Keating S, Amadori S, Dardenne M, Vegna M L, Petti M C, Solbu G, Suciu S, Leukemia Cooperative Group of the EORTC and GIME. M. A. Randomized phase III study of induction (ICE vs MICE vs DCE) and intensive consolidation (IDIA vs NOVIA vs DIA), followed by stem cell transplantation in AML: presentation and preliminary results of ongoing AML-10 EORTC LCG/GIMEMA study. Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Autologous Marrow and Blood Transplantation, Karel A Dicke, Armand Keating. Carde Jennings Publishing Co. Ltd., 1997; 3–15
  • Keating S, Zittoun R, Suciu S, Mandelli F, De Witte T, Amadori S, Resegotti L, Varet B, Archimbaud E, Fazi P, Dardenne M, Willemze R. Post-remission therapy for patients with AML in first CR in the AML-10 trial of EORTC LCG and GIMEMA. Blood 1998; 92(Suppl 1)2037, Abs
  • Damiani D, Michieli M, Ermacora A, Russo D, Fanin R, Zaja F, Baraldo M, Pea F, Furlanut M, Baccarani M. Adjuvant treatment with cyclosporin A increases the toxicity of chemotherapy for remission induction in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 1998; 12: 1236–1240
  • Visani G, Lemoli R M, Tosi P, Martinelli G, Testoni N, Ricci P, Piccaluga P P, Pastano R, Leopardi G, Dizdari A, Motta M R, Rizzi S, Tura S. Fludarabine-containing regimens severely impair peripheral blood stem cells mobilization and collection in acute myeloid leukemia patients. British Journal of Haematology 1999; 105: 775–779

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.