γ-Linolenic Acid Induces Apoptosis in B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Cells in Vitro

References

• Williams G. T. Programmed cell death: Apoptosis and oncogenesis. Cell 1991; 65: 1097–1098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie A. H., Morris R. G., Smith A. L., Dunlop D. Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: Association with condensed chromatine morphology and dependence on macromolecular synthesis. J. Pathol 1984; 142: 67–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman J. A. Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992; 11: 121–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dighiero G., Travade P., Chevret S., Fenaux P., Chastang C., Binet J. -L, The French Co-operative Group on C. L. L. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: present status and future directions. Blood 1991; 78: 1901–1914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins R. J., Verschuer L. A., Harmon B. V., Prentice R. L., Pope J. H., Kerr J. F. R. Spontaneous programmed death (apoptosis) of B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells following their culture in vitro. Br. J. Haematol 1989; 71: 343–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConkey D. J., Aguilar-Santelises M., Hartzell P., Ericksson I., Mellstedt H., Orrenius S., Jondal M. Induction of DNA fragmentation in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia cells. J. Immunol 1991; 146: 1072–1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainou-Fowler T., Craig V. A., Copplestone J. A., Hamon M. D., Prentice A. G. Effect of anti-Apol on spontaneous apoptosis of B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: The role of bcl-2 and interleukin-4. Leuk Lymphoma 1995; 19: 301–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainou-Fowler T., Craig V. A., Copplestone J. A., Hamon M. D., Prentice A. G. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) increases spontaneous apoptosis of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro indepentendly of bcl-2 expression and it is inhibited by IL-4. Blood 1994; 84: 2295–2304
   Google Scholar
• Fluckiger A. -C., Durand I., Banchereau J. Interleukin 10 induces apoptotic cell death of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. J. Exp. Med 1994; 179: 91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson L. E., Chubb S., Meyn R. E., Story M., Ford R., Hittelman W. N., Plunkett W. Induction of apoptotic cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by 2-chloro-2-deoxyadenosine and 9-β-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine. Blood 1993; 81: 143–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begleiter A., Lee K., Israels L. G., Mowat M. R., Johnston J. B. Chlorambucil induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its relationship to clinical efficacy. Leuk Lymphoma 1994; 8(suppl 1)S103–106
   Google Scholar
• Begin M. E., Ells G., Das U. N., Horrobin D. F. Differential killing of human carcinoma cells supplemented with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Natl. Cancer Inst 1986; 77: 1053–1062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda S., Horrobin D. F., Manku M. S. The effects of gamma-linolenic acid on human breast cancer cell killing, lipid peroxidation and the production of Schiff-reactive material. Med. Sci. Res 1992; 20: 203–205
   Google Scholar
• Begin M. E., Ells G., Horrobin D. F. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced cytotoxicity against tumor cells and its relationship to lipid peroxidation. J. Natl. Cancer Inst 1988; 80: 188–194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard G. A., Mansel R. E. The effects of essential fatty acids on the growth of breast cancer and melanoma. Omega 6 Esential Fatty Acids: Pathophysiology and Role in Clinical Medicine, D. F. Horrobin. Alan Liss Publishers, New York 1997; 379–390
   Google Scholar
• Buttke T. M., Sandstrom P. A. Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. IT 1994; 15: 7–10
   Google Scholar
• de Kock M., Loitering M. -L., Grobler C. J., Viljoen T. C., le Roux M., Seegers J. C. The induction of apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells by gamma-linolenic acid. Prostagl. Leuko. EFA 1996; 55: 403–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mentz F., Mossalayi M. D., Ouaaz F., Baudet S., Issaly F., Ktorza S., Semichon M., Binet J. -L., Merle-Beral H. Theophylline synergizes with chrolambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 1996; 88: 2172–2182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C., Ao Z., Seth A., Schlossman S. F. A mitochondrial membrane protein defined by a novel monoclonal antibody is preferentially detected in apoptotic cells. J Immunol 1996; 157: 3980–3987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaguchi M., Miyazawa K., Otawa M., Katagiri T., Nishimaki J., Uchida Y., Iwase O., Gotoh A., Kawanishi Y., Toyama K. Vitamin K2 selectively induces apoptosis of blastic cells in myelodysplastic syndrome: flow cytometric detection of apoptotic cells using AP02.7 monoclonal antibody. Leukemia 1998; 12: 1392–1397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purasiri P., McKechnie A., Heys S. D., Eremin O. Modulation in vitro of human natural cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens and cytokine production by essential fatty acids. Immunol 1997; 92: 166–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endres S., Sinha B., Eisenhut T. oM3 fatty acids in regulation of cytokine synthesis. Effects of fatty acids and lipids in Health and Diseas World Rev. Nutr. Diet, C. Galli, A. P. Sinopoulos, E. Tremoli. Karger, Basel 1994; 8994, 76
   Google Scholar
• Uren A. G., Vaux D. L. Molecular and clinical aspects of apoptosis. Pharmacol. Ther 1996; 72: 37–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer C., Mulder N. H., Timmer-Bosscha H., Zijlstra J. G., de Vries E. G. E. Role of free radicals in an adriamycin-resistant human small cell lung cancer cell line. Cancer Res 1987; 47: 4613–4617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCay P. B. Vitamin E: interactions with free radicals and ascorbate. Ann. Rev. Nutr 1985; 5: 323–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner B. A., Buettner G. R., Burns C. P. Vitamin E slows the rate of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 1996; 334: 261–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niki E., Saito T., Kawakami A., Kamiya Y. Inhibition of oxidation of methyl linoleate in solution by vitamin E and vitamin C. J. Biol. Chem 1984; 259: 4177–4182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hockenbery D. M., Oltvai Z. N., Yin X. M., Milliman C. L., Korsmeyer S. J. Bcl-2 function in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis. Cell 1993; 75: 241–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrelia S., Bordoni A., Biagi P. L., Galeotti T., Palombini G., Masotti L. The role of delta-6-and delta-9-desaturase in the fatty acid metabolism of hepatomas with different growth rate. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int 1994; 34: 449–455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheeseman K. H., Burton G. W., Ingold K. U., Slater T. F. Lipid peroxidation and lipid antioxidants in normal and tumour cells. Toxicol. Pathol 1984; 12: 235–239
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bartik M. M., Welker D., Kay N. E. Impairments in immune cell function in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin. Oncol 1998; 25: 27–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes E., Prieto A., Carrion F., Garcia-Suarez J., Esquivel E., Guillen C., Alvarez-Mon M. Altered pattern of cytokine production by peripheral blood CD2+ cells from B chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Am. J. Hematol 1998; 57: 93–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainou-Fowler T., Prentice A. G. Modulation of apoptosis with cytokines in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lenk Lymphoma 1996; 21: 369–377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilleece M. H., Heyworth C. M., Testa N. C., Dexter T. M. Interleukin 4 receptor expression in CLL. Exp. Hematol 1993; 21: 1073, Abstr
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns C. P., Luttenegger D. G., Dudley D. T., Buettner G. R., Spector A. A. Effect of modification of plasma membrane fatty acid composition on fluidity and methotrexate transport in L1210 murine leukemia cells. Cancer Res 1979; 39: 1726–1732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar