Expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Ras Oncoproteins and Apoptosis Levels in Acute Leukaemias and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

References

• Askew D. S., Ashmun R. A., Simmons B. C., Cleveland J L. Constitutive c-myc expression in IL-3 dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis. Oncogene 1991; 6: 1915–1922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korsmeyer S J. Bcl-2 initiates a new category of oncogenes: regulators of cell death. Blood 1992; 80: 879–886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata Golstein S. The P. fas death factors. Science 1995; 267: 1449–1456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan S., Fisher D E. Mechanisms of apoptotic cell death. Leukemia 1997; 11: 457–465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc Chan V. T.W., Gee J. Cellular oncogenes in neoplasia. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1987; 40: 1055–1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preisler H. D., Raza A., Larson R., LeBeau M., Browman G., Goldberg J., Grunwald H., Volger R., Verkh L., Singh P., Block A. M., Sandberg A. Protooncogene expression and the clinical characteristics of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a leukemia intergroup pilot study. Blood 1989; 73: 255–262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preisler H. D., Bi S., Venugopal P., Raza A. Cytokines, molecular biological abnormalities, and acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia Research 1997; 21: 299–312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe S. W., Schmitt E. M., Smith S. W., Osbome B. A., Jacks T. p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature 1993; 362: 847–849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen C J. The bcl-2 gene: prototype of a gene family that controls programmed cell death (apoptosis). Annales de Genetique 1994; 37: 121–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakai N., Ogiso Y., Fujita H., Watari H. J., Koike T., Kuzumaki N. Induction of apoptosis by a dominant negative H-ras mutant (116y) in K562 cells. Experimental Cell Research 1994; 215: 131–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillouf C., Grana X., Selvakumaran M., et al. Dissection of the genetic programs of p53-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis: blocking p53-induced apoptosis unmasks Gl arrest. Blood 1995; 85: 2691–2698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyashita T., Reed J. Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene. Cell 1995; 80: 293–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed J C. Bcl-2 family proteins: regulators of apoptosis and chemoresistance in hematologic malignancies. Seminars in Hematology 1997; 34(4 Suppl 5)9–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne J. L., Marshall C J. The molecular pathophysiology of myeloid leukaemias: ras revisited. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 100: 256–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark D. M., Lampert I A. Apoptosis is a common histopathological finding in myelodysplasia: the correlate of ineffective haematopoiesis. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1990; 2: 415–418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepelley P., Soenen V., Preudhomme C., Merlat A., Cosson A., Fenaux P. Bcl-2 expression in myelodysplastic syndromes and its correlation with hematological features, p53 mutations and prognosis. Leukemia 1995; 9: 726–730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida Y., Anzai N., Kawabata H. Apoptosis in myelodysplasia: a paradox or paradigm. Leukemia Research 1995; 19: 887–891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajapaska R., Ginzton N., Rott L. S., Greenberg P L. Altered oncoprotein expression and apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndrome marrow cells. Blood 1996; 88: 4275–4287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdanovic A. D., Trpinac D. P., Jankovic G. M., Bumbasirevic V. Z., Obradovic M., Colovic M D. Incidence and role of apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndrome: morphological and ultrastructural assessment. Leukemia 1997; 11: 656–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellstrom-Lindberg E., Kanter-Lewensohn L., Ost A. Morphological changes and apoptosis in bone marrow from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with granulocyte-CSF and erythropoietin. Leukemia Research 1997; 21: 415–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornblau S M. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapy of hematologic malignancies. Leukemia 1998; 12(suppl. 1)S41–S46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshida Y., Mufti G J. Apoptosis and its significance in MDS: controversies revisited. Leukemia Research 1999; 23: 777–785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld C., List A. A hypothesis for the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes: implications for new therapies. Leukemia 2000; 14: 2–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg P L. Apoptosis and its role in the myelodysplastic syndromes: implications for disease natural history and treatment. Leukemia Research 1998; 22: 1123–1136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker J. E., Mufti G J. Ineffective haemopoiesis and apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 101: 220–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negoescu A., Lorimier P., Labat-Moleur F., Drouet C., Robert C., Guillermet C., Brambilla C., Brambilla E. In situ apoptotic cell labeling by the TUNEL method: improvement and evaluation on cell preparations. The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 1996; 44: 959–968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurotaki H., Tsushima Y., Nagai K., Yagihashi S. Apoptosis, bcl-2 expression and p53 accumulation in myelodysplastic syndrome, myelodysplastic-syndrome-derived acute myelogenous leukemia and de novo acute myelogenous leukemia. Acta Haematol 2000; 102: 115–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padua R. A., Guinn B. A., Al-Sabah A., Smith M., Taylor C., Pettersson T., Ridge S., Carter G., White D., Oscier D., Chevret S., West R. RAS. FMS and p53 mutations and poor clinical outcome in myelodysplasias: a 10-year follow-up. Leukemia 1998; 12: 887–892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slingerland J. M., Minden M. D., Benchimol S. Mutation of the p53 gene in human acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1991; 77: 1500–1507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenaux P., Preudhomme C., Quiquandon I., Jonveaux P., Lai J. L., Vanrumbeke M., Loucheux-Lefebvre M. H., Bauters F., Berger R., Kerckaert J P. Mutations of the p53 gene in acute myeloid leukemia. British Journal of Haematology 1992; 80: 178–183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Melo M. B., Lorand-Metze I., Lima C. S., Saad S. T., Costa F F. N-ras gene point mutations in Brazilian acute myelogenous leukemia patient correlate with a poor prognosis. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1997; 24: 309–317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banker D. E., Groudine M., Norwood T., Appelbaum F R. Measurement of spontaneous and therapeutic agent-induced apoptosis with BCL-2 protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1997; 89: 243–255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie K. L., Dolnikov A., Millington M., Shounan Y., Symonds G. Mutant N-ras induces myeloproliferative disorders and apoptosis in bone marrow repopulated mice. Blood 1999; 93: 2043–2056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos L., Rouault J. P., Sabido O., Oriol P., Roubi N., Vasselan C., Archimbaud E. High expression of bcl-2 protein in acute myeloid leukemia cells is associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Blood 1993; 81: 3091–3096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos L., Sabido O., Viallet A., Vasselon C., Guyotat D. Expression of apoptosis-controlling proteins in acute leukemia cells. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1999; 33: 499–509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maung Z. T., MacLean F. R., Reid M. M., Pearson A. D.J., Proctor S. J. The relationship between bcl-2 expression and response to chemotherapy in acute leukemia. British Journal of Haematology 1994; 88: 105–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoetzer O. J., Nussler V., Darsow M., Gullis E., Pelka-Fleischer R., Scheel U., Wilmanns W. Association of bcl-2, bax, bcl-xL and interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme expression with initial response to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 1996; 10: S18–S22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury D. A., Zhu Y. M., Russell N H. Bcl-2 expression in acute myeloblastic leukaemia: relationship with autonomous growth and CD34 antigen expression. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1997; 24: 221–228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauria F., Raspadori D., Rondelli D., Ventura M. A., Fiacchini M., Visani G., Forconi F., Tura S. High bcl-2 expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells correlates with CD34 positivity and complete remission rate. Leukemia 1997; 11: 2075–2078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Gezer S., Mundle S., Alvi S., Borok R., Rifkin S., Iftikahr A., Sherry V., Parcharidou A., Loew J., Marcus B., Khan Z., Chaney C., Showel J., Gregory S., Preisler H. Apoptosis in bone marrow biopsy samples involving stromal and hematopoietic cells in 50 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 1995; 86: 268–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reza S., Dar S., Andric T., Qawi H., Mundle S., Shetty V., Venugopal P., Ali I., Lisak L., Raza A. Biologic characteristics of 164 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1999; 33: 281–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker J. E., Fishlock K. L., Mijovic A., Czepulkowski B., Pagliuca A., Mufti G J. “Low-risk” myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with excessive apoptosis and an increased ratio of proversus anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 103: 1075–1082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis R. E., Greenberg P L. Bcl-2 expression by myeloid precursors in myelodysplastic syndromes: immunostaining of bone marrow biopsies. Leukemia Research 1998; 22: 767–777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonveaux P., Fenaux P., Quiquandon I., Pignon J. M., Lai J. L., Lucheux-Lefebvre M. H., Goossens M., Bauters F., Berger R. Mutations in the p53 gene in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncogene 1991; 6: 2243–2247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitani K., Hangaishi A., Imamura N., Miyagawa K., Ogawa S., Kanda Y., Yazaki Y., Hirai H. No concomitant occurrence of the N-ras and p53 gene mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 1997; 11: 863–865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elghetany M. T., Vyas S., Yuoh G. Significance of p53 overexpression in bone marrow biopsies from patients with bone marrow failure: aplastic anemia, hypocellular refractory anemia, and hypercellular refractory anemia. Annals of Hematology 1998; 77: 261–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar