Neutrophil function after bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell transplant

References

• Parody R, Martino R, Rovira M, et al Severe infections after unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults: comparison of cord blood transplantation with peripheral blood and bone marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006;12:734–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Wetering MD, de Witte MA, Kremer LC, Offringa M, Scholten RJ, Caron HN. Efficacy of oral prophylactic antibiotics in neutropenic afebrile oncology patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:1372–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robenshtok E, Gafter-Gvili A, Goldberg E, et al Antifungal prophylaxis in cancer patients after chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5471–5489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junghanss C, Marr KA, Carter RA, et al Incidence and outcome of bacterial and fungal infections following nonmyeloablative compared with myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a matched control study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002;8:512–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grow WB, Moreb JS, Roque D, et al Late onset of invasive aspergillus infection in bone marrow transplant patients at a university hospital. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002;29:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer RI, Ganz T, Selsted ME, Babior BM, Curnutte JT. Neutrophils and host defense. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:127–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer DW, Donowitz GR, Mandell GL. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils: an effective antimicrobial force. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11(Suppl. 7):S1532–S1544.
   Google Scholar
• Bodey GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 1966;64:328–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Villar CC, Kashleva H. Candida albicans-infected oral epithelial cells augment the anti-fungal activity of human neutrophils in vitro. Med Mycol 2005;43:545–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubin PJ, Kolls JK. Th17 cytokines and mucosal immunity. Immunol Rev 2008;226:160–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheretakis C, Leung R, Sun CX, Dror Y, Glogauer M. Timing of neutrophil tissue repopulation predicts restoration of innate immune protection in a murine bone marrow transplantation model. Blood 2006;108:2821–2826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheretakis C, Dror Y, Glogauer M. A noninvasive oral rinse assay to monitor engraftment, neutrophil tissue delivery and susceptibility to infection following HSCT in pediatric patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;36:227–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagels MA, Chambers JD, Arfors KE, Hugli TE. C5a- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced leukocytosis occurs independently of beta 2 integrins and L-selectin: differential effects on neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vivo. Blood 1995;85:2900–2909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirahata T, Bjorkman D, Chamberlain JK. Endotoxin: a twofold effect on bone marrow ultrastructure. Scanning Microsc 1987;1:1349–1358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawrence MB, Springer TA. Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell 1991;65:859–873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer TA, Thompson WS, Miller LJ, Schmalstieg FC, Anderson DC. Inherited deficiency of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family and its molecular basis. J Exp Med 1984;160:1901–1918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishimoto TK, Rothlein R. Integrins, ICAMs, and selectins: role and regulation of adhesion molecules in neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites. Adv Pharmacol 1994; 25:117–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith CW, Rothlein R, Hughes BJ, et al Recognition of an endothelial determinant for CD 18-dependent human neutrophil adherence and transendothelial migration. J Clin Invest 1988;82:1746–1756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dustin ML, Rothlein R, Bhan AK, Dinarello CA, Springer TA. Induction by IL 1 and interferon-gamma: tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1). J Immunol 1986;137:245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbs ML, Xu H, Stacker SA, Springer TA. Regulation of adhesion of ICAM-1 by the cytoplasmic domain of LFA-1 integrin beta subunit. Science 1991;251:1611–1613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borregaard N, Kjeldsen L, Lollike K, Sengelov H. Granules and secretory vesicles of the human neutrophil. Clin Exp Immunol 1995;101(Suppl. 1):6–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borregaard N, Sehested M, Nielsen BS, Sengelov H, Kjeldsen L. Biosynthesis of granule proteins in normal human bone marrow cells. Gelatinase is a marker of terminal neutrophil differentiation. Blood 1995;85:812–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doss M, White MR, Tecle T, Hartshorn KL. Human defensins and LL-37 in mucosal immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2010;87:79–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz T, Selsted ME, Szklarek D, et al Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 1985;76:1427–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz T, Weiss J. Antimicrobial peptides of phagocytes and epithelia. Semin Hematol 1997;34:343–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz T, Lehrer RI. Antimicrobial peptides of leukocytes. Curr Opin Hematol 1997;4:53–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metcalf JA. Laboratory manual of neutrophil function. New York: Raven Press; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson GA, Fisher BM, Gemmell CG, MacCuish AC, Gallacher SJ. Attenuated neutrophil respiratory burst following acute hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients and normal subjects. Acta Diabetol 1997;34:253–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omori K, Ohira T, Uchida Y, et al Priming of neutrophil oxidative burst in diabetes requires preassembly of the NADPH oxidase. J Leukoc Biol 2008;84:292–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer A, Lisowska-Grospierre B, Anderson DC, Springer TA. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: molecular basis and functional consequences. Immunodefic Rev 1988;1:39–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Movahedi M, Entezari N, Pourpak Z, et al Clinical and laboratory findings in Iranian patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (study of 15 cases). J Clin Immunol 2007;27:302–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairo MS, Suen Y, Sender L, et al Circulating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels after allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation: endogenous G-CSF production correlates with myeloid engraftment. Blood 1992;79:1869–1873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine AE, Drake M, Bridgitt S, Jordan A. Endogenous G-CSF promotes neutrophil recovery post autologous transplantation. Br J Haematol 2000;18:66.
   Google Scholar
• Gadish M, Kletter Y, Flidel O, Nagler A, Slavin S, Fabian I. Effects of recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors on neutrophil function following autologous bone marrow transplantation. Leuk Res 1991;15:1175–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyagawa B, Klingemann HG. Phagocytosis and burst activity of granulocytes and monocytes after stem cell transplantation. J Lab Clin Med 1997;129:634–637.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scholl S, Hanke M, Hoffken K, Sayer HG. Distinct reconstitution of neutrophil functions after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007;133:411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pursell K, Verral S, Daraiesh F, et al Impaired phagocyte respiratory burst responses to opportunistic fungal pathogens in transplant recipients: in vitro effect of r-metHuG-CSF (Filgrastim). Transpl Infect Dis 2003;5:29–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark RA, Johnson FL, Klebanoff SJ, Thomas ED. Defective neutrophil chemotaxis in bone marrow transplant patients. J Clin Invest 1976;58:22–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh M, Takada M, Nakayama M, Shikoshi K, Umeda M, Tsuji A. [Combined deficiency in neutrophil functions after bone marrow transplantation and the in vitro effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1997;38:566–571.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sosa R, Weiden PL, Storb R, Syrotuck J, Thomas ED. Granulocyte function in human allogenic marrow graft recipients. Exp Hematol 1980;8:1183–1189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerli W, Zarth A, Gratwohl A, Speck B. Neutrophil function and pyogenic infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Blood 1991;77:393–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Territo MC, Gale RP, Cline MJ. Neutrophil function in bone marrow transplant recipients. Br J Haematol 1977;35:245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Broek PJ, van der Meer JW, Leijh PC, Zwaan F, van den Barselaar M, van Furth R. Functions of granulocytes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blut 1981;42:253–257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Capsoni F, Minonzio F, Carbonelli V, et al Abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis in bone marrow transplant patients correlates with impaired 31D8 monoclonal antibody binding. Haematologica 1995;80:123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capsoni F, Minonzio F, Ongari AM, et al Abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis after successful bone marrow transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma 1991;4:335–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy O, Sisson RB, Fryer HE, et al Neutrophil defense in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and defensins in graft-derived neutrophils. Transplantation 2002;73:1522–1526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tauber AI. Current view of neutrophil dysfunction: an integrated clinical perspective. Am J Med 1981;70:1237–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland JF, Senn H, Banerjee T. Quantitative studies of localized leukocyte mobilization in acute leukemia. Blood 1971;37:499–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craddock PR, Fehr J, Jacob HS. Complement-mediated granulocyte dysfunction in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 1976;47:931–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breton-Gorius J, Houssay D, Vilde JL, Dreyfus B. Partial myeloperoxidase deficiency in a case of preleukaemia. II. Defects of degranulation and abnormal bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils. Br J Haematol 1975;30:279–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel K, Hegener K, Schnell R, et al Suppressed neutrophil function as a risk factor for severe infection after cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 1999;78:73–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couriel D, Caldera H, Champlin R, Komanduri K. Acute graft-versus-host disease: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Cancer 2004;101:1936–1946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welniak LA, Blazar BR, Murphy WJ. Immunobiology of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Annu Rev Immunol 2007;25:139–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sashida G, Ohyashiki JH, Kubota N, et al Marked telomere fluctuation of leukocytes during graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Int J Mol Med 2005;16:883–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socie G, Mary JY, Lemann M, et al Prognostic value of apoptotic cells and infiltrating neutrophils in graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract in humans: TNF and Fas expression. Blood 2004;103:50–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filice GA, Niewoehner DE. Contribution of neutrophils and cell-mediated immunity to control of Nocardia asteroides in murine lungs. J Infect Dis 1987;156:113–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell PA. The neutrophil, a professional killer of bacteria, may be controlled by T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1990;79:141–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MT, Silva MN, Appelberg R. Neutrophil-macrophage cooperation in the host defence against mycobacterial infections. Microb Pathog 1989;6:369–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storek J, Ferrara S, Ku N, Giorgi JV, Champlin RE, Saxon A. B cell reconstitution after human bone marrow transplantation: recapitulation of ontogeny? Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12:387–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small TN, Keever CA, Weiner-Fedus S, Heller G, O'Reilly RJ, Flomenberg N. B-cell differentiation following autologous, conventional, or T-cell depleted bone marrow transplantation: a recapitulation of normal B-cell ontogeny. Blood 1990;76:1647–1656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson M, Smedmyr B, Festin R, Oberg G, Simonsson B, Totterman TH. B lymphocyte regeneration in marrow and blood after autologous bone marrow transplantation: increased numbers of B cells carrying activation and progression markers. Leuk Res 1989;13:791–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedrazzini A, Freedman AS, Andersen J, et al Anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: phenotypic reconstitution and B-cell function. Blood 1989;74:2203–2211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmaldienst S, Horl WH. Bacterial infections during immunosuppression - immunosuppressive agents interfere not only with immune response, but also with polymorphonuclear cell function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11:1243–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuleman J, Katz P. The immunologic effects, kinetics, and use of glucocorticosteroids. Med Clin North Am 1985;69:805–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffner A. Therapeutic concentrations of glucocorticoids suppress the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages without impairing their responsiveness to gamma interferon. J Clin Invest 1985;76:1755–1764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duong M, Ouellet N, Simard M, Bergeron Y, Olivier M, Bergeron MG. Kinetic study of host defense and inflammatory response to Aspergillus fumigatus in steroid-induced immunosuppressed mice. J Infect Dis 1998;178:1472–1482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson TL, Schaffner W, Lavely GB, Stratton CW, Johnson HK, Hutcheson RH Jr. Invasive aspergillosis in renal transplant recipients: correlation with corticosteroid therapy. J Infect Dis 1983;148:230–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llewellyn-Jones CG, Hill SL, Stockley RA. Effect of fluticasone propionate on neutrophil chemotaxis, superoxide generation, and extracellular proteolytic activity in vitro. Thorax 1994;49:207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drath DB, Kahan BD. Phagocytic cell function in response to immunosuppressive therapy. Arch Surg 1984;119:156–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan P, Nanamori M, Sun M, et al The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A antagonizes human formyl peptide receptor through inhibition of cognate ligand binding. J Immunol 2006;177:7050–7058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spisani S, Fabbri E, Muccinelli M, et al Inhibition of neutrophil responses by cyclosporin A. An insight into molecular mechanisms. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001;40:794–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigatto PD, Mozzanica N, Polenghi MM, Altomare GF, Finzi AF. Cyclosporine A inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo. Transplant Proc 1988;20:91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigatto PD, Bersani L, Altomare G, Mozzanica N, Finzi A. Effects of cyclosporin A on psoriatic monocyte functions and secretion. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1989;146:165–167.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roilides E, Robinson T, Sein T, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. In vitro and ex vivo effects of cyclosporin A on phagocytic host defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:2883–2888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchiarelli A, Cenci E, Marconi P, Rossi R, Riccardi C, Bistoni F. Immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporin A on resistance to systemic infection with Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 1989;30:183–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb G, Eckle I, Bittner K, Muller T, Havemann K, Lange H. Latent inhibition of granulocyte function by cyclosporine A. Immunobiology 1990;181:22–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto Y, Kono T, Ishii M, Sato EF. Suppressive effects of cyclosporin A and FK-506 on superoxide generation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes primed by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Invest Dermatol 2000;115:986–989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetinkale O, Sengul R, Bilgic L, Bolayirli M, Senel O, Burcak G. Involvement of neutrophils in ischemic injury. I. Biochemical and histopathological investigation of the effect of FK506 on dorsal skin flaps in rats. Ann Plast Surg 1997;39:505–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Cambronero J. Rapamycin inhibits GM-CSF-induced neutrophil migration. FEBS Lett 2003;550:94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krotz F, Keller M, Derflinger S, et al Mycophenolate acid inhibits endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide formation by a Rac1-dependent mechanism. Hypertension 2007;49:201–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee R, Halil O, Bain BJ, Cummins D, Banner NR. Neutrophil dysplasia caused by mycophenolate mofetil. Transplantation 2000;70:1608–1610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amer J, Weiss L, Reich S, Shapira MY, Slavin S, Fibach E. The oxidative status of blood cells in a murine model of graft-versus-host disease. Ann Hematol 2007;86:753–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltzman RL, Quirk MR, Jordan MC. Disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Molecular analysis of virus and leukocyte interactions in viremia. J Clin Invest 1988;81:75–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bale JF Jr, Kern ER, Overall JC Jr, Baringer JR. Impaired migratory and chemotactic activity of neutrophils during murine cytomegalovirus infection. J Infect Dis 1983;148:518–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bale JF Jr, O'Neil ME, Greiner T. The interaction of murine cytomegalovirus with murine neutrophils: effect on migratory and phagocytic activities. J Leukoc Biol 1985;38:723–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lineaweaver W, Howard RJ, McMorris S. Duration of murine neutrophil migration impairments after cytomegalovirus infection. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984;158:555–556.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung WC, Hashimoto K. Modification of susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae during murine cytomegalovirus infection. Microbiol Immunol 1986;30:761–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarman PJ, Rahbar A, Xie X, Soderberg-Naucler C. Induction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte response by human cytomegalovirus. Microbes Infect 2006;8:1592–1601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressollette-Bodin C, Andre-Garnier E, Robillard N, Billaudel S, Imbert-Marcille BM. A multiparametric flow cytometry method for detection of modifications of antigen expression in polymorphonuclear cells infected by human cytomegalovirus. J Virol Methods 2006;132:32–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Span AH, van Dam-Mieras MC, Mullers W, Endert J, Muller AD, Bruggeman CA. The effect of virus infection on the adherence of leukocytes or platelets to endothelial cells. Eur J Clin Invest 1991;21:331–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Span AH, Mullers W, Miltenburg AM, Bruggeman CA. Cytomegalovirus induced PMN adherence in relation to an ELAM-1 antigen present on infected endothelial cell monolayers. Immunology 1991;72:355–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy JE, Lawson KM, MacCormac LP, Fletcher JM, Yong KL. Cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells recruit neutrophils by the secretion of C-X-C chemokines and transmit virus by direct neutrophil-endothelial cell contact and during neutrophil transendothelial migration. J Infect Dis 1998;177:1465–1474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craigen JL, Yong KL, Jordan NJ, et al Human cytomegalovirus infection up-regulates interleukin-8 gene expression and stimulates neutrophil transendothelial migration. Immunology 1997;92:138–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macey MG, Sangster J, Kelsey SM, Newland AC. Pilot study: effects of G-CSF on neutrophil ex-vivo function post bone marrow transplantation. Clin Lab Haematol 1993;15:79–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters WP, Stuart A, Affronti ML, Kim CS, Coleman RE. Neutrophil migration is defective during recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor infusion after autologous bone marrow transplantation in humans. Blood 1988;72:1310–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiltschke C, Krainer M, Nanut M, Wagner A, Linkesch W, Zielinski CC. In vivo administration of granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases neutrophil oxidative burst activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995;15:249–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys JM, Rugman FP, Davies JM, Mimnagh P, Hart CA, Edwards SW. Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo following chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Lab Immunol 1991;34:55–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fabian I, Kletter Y, Bleiberg I, Gadish M, Naparsteck E, Slavin S. Effect of exogenous recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil function following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Exp Hematol 1991;19:868–873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerli W, Zarth A, Gratwohl A, Nissen C, Speck B. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for granulocyte defects of bone marrow transplant patients. Lancet 1989;1:494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho VT, Mirza NQ, del Junco DJ, Okamura T, Przepiorka D. The effect of hematopoietic growth factors on the risk of graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a meta-analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003;32:771–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekker A, Bulley S, Beyene J, Dupuis LL, Doyle JJ, Sung L. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5207–5215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury HJ, Loberiza FR Jr, Ringden O, et al Impact of posttransplantation G-CSF on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2006;107:1712–1716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Blake C, Holmes A, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma prevent dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression of antifungal monocyte activity against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. J Med Vet Mycol 1996;34:63–69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roilides E, Sein T, Holmes A, et al Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on antifungal activity of mononuclear phagocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Infect Dis 1995;172:1028–1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sionov E, Mendlovic S, Segal E. Experimental systemic murine aspergillosis: treatment with polyene and caspofungin combination and G-CSF. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:594–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schelenz S, Smith DA, Bancroft GJ. Cytokine and chemokine responses following pulmonary challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus: obligatory role of TNF-alpha and GM-CSF in neutrophil recruitment. Med Mycol 1999;37:183–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denning DW, Marinus A, Cohen J, et al An EORTC multicentre prospective survey of invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients: diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. EORTC Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group. J Infect 1998;37:173–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Lamaignere CG, Farmaki E. Cytokines in immunodeficient patients with invasive fungal infections: an emerging therapy. Int J Infect Dis 2002;6:154–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dignani MC, Rex JH, Chan KW, et al Immunomodulation with interferon-gamma and colony-stimulating factors for refractory fungal infections in patients with leukemia. Cancer 2005;104:199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallianpur AR. Genomic screening and complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: has the time come? Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;35:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullighan CG, Heatley S, Doherty K, et al Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms are associated with major infection following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2002;99:3524–3529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisen DP, Dean MM, Boermeester MA, et al Low serum mannose-binding lectin level increases the risk of death due to pneumococcal infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:510–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha V, Franco RF, Porcher R, et al Host defense and inflammatory gene polymorphisms are associated with outcomes after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2002;100:3908–3918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochud PY, Chien JW, Marr KA, et al Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1766–1777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesh S, Mensah NY, Peterlongo P, et al TLR1 and TLR6 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005;1062:95–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fattorossi A, Battaglia A, Pierelli L, et al Effects of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor administration on T cell proliferation and phagocyte cell-surface molecules during hematopoietic reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2001;49:641–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Clowes C, Duarte R, Pu QQ. Serum ICAM-1 concentrations following conventional dose consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia and after high dose chemotherapy with autologous haematopoietic stem cell rescue. Int J Oncol 2000;17:591–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carulli G, Papineschi F, Benedetti E, Vanacore R, Azzara A, Petrini M. Phenotypic changes in neutrophils after rhG-CSF administration in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients undergoing PBSC transplantation or conventional chemotherapy. Haematologica 1999;84:281–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar