Triptolide enhances the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to dexamethasone via microRNAs

References

• Bataille R, Harousseau JL. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1657–1664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chng WJ, Glebov O, Bergsagel PL, . Genetic events in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2007;20:571–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreaux J, Veyrune JL, De Vos J, . APRIL is overexpressed in cancer: link with tumor progression. BMC Cancer 2009;9:983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai YT, Li XF, Breitkreutz I, . Role of B-cell activating factor in adhesion and growth of human multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Cancer Res 2006;66:6675–6682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Blood E, Vesole D, . Phase III clinical trial of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a clinical trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:431–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson PG, Blood E, Mitsiades CS, . A randomized phase 2 study of lenalidomide therapy for patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2006;108:3458–3464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, . Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2487–2498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasui H, Hideshima T, Richardson PG, . Novel therapeutic strategies targeting growth factor signalling cascades in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2006;132:385–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao XL, Sun Y, Dong Y, . A prospective, controlled, double-blind, cross-over study of Tripterygium wilfodii Hook F in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989;102:327–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X. Clinical observations on the use of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1994;8:343–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corson TW, Crews CM. Molecular understanding and modern application of traditional medicines: triumphs and trials. Cell 2007; 130:769–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao X, Schulze-Koops H, Ma L, . Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F extracts on induction of cyclooxygenase 2 activity and prostaglandin E2 production. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:130–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efferth T, Li PC, Konkimalla VS, . From traditional Chinese medicine to rational cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med 2007;13:353–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamon LA, Pezzuto JM, Graves JM, . Evaluation of the mutagenic, cytotoxic, and antitumor potential of triptolide, a highly oxygenated diterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii. Cancer Lett 1997;112:113–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen BJ. Triptolide, a novel immunosuppressive and anti- inflammatory agent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Leuk Lymphoma 2001;42:253–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiviharju TM, Lecane PS, Sellers RG, . Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of triptolide (PG490), a natural product entering clinical trials, on primary cultures of human prostatic epithelial cells. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2666–2674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Chen J, Guo Z, . Triptolide inhibits the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2003;2:65–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Liu Z, Tolosa E, . Triptolide induces apoptotic death of T lymphocyte. Immunopharmacology 1998;40:139–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagase M, Oto J, Sugiyama S, . Apoptosis induction in HL-60 cells and inhibition of topoisomerase II by triterpene celastrol. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003;67:1883–1887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi YJ, Kim TG, Kim YH, . Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of XIAP in U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66:273–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter BZ, Mak DH, Schober WD, . Triptolide induces caspase-dependent cell death mediated via the mitochondrial pathway in leukemic cells. Blood 2006;108:630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang XH, Wong BC, Lin MC, . Functional p53 is required for triptolide-induced apoptosis and AP-1and nuclear factor-κB activation in gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2001;20:8009–8018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou YJ, Jin J. Triptolide down-regulates bcr-abl expression and induces apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2004;45:373–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Huang J, Pan HZ, . Triptolide overcomes dexamethasone resistance and enhanced PS-341-induced apoptosis via PI3k/Akt/NF-κB pathways in human multiple myeloma cells. Int J Mol Med 2008;22:489–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou YJ, Jin J, Wang YG. Triptolide inhibits transcription factor NF-κB and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2005;29:99–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Shen JK, Huang J, . Interleukin-6-independent expression of glucocorticoid receptor is upregulated by triptolide in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2009;50:802–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moalli PA, Pillay S, Weiner D, . A mechanism of resistance to glucocorticoid in multiple myeloma: transient expression of a truncated glucocorticoid receptor mRNA. Blood 1992;79:213–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herold MJ, McPherson KG, Reichardt HM. Glucocorticoids in T cell apoptosis and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006;63:60–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith LK, Shah RR, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoids modulate microRNA expression and processing during lymphocyte apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2010;285:36698–36708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghodgaonkar MM, Shah RG, Kandan-Kulangara F. Abrogation of DNA vector-based RNAi during apoptosis in mammalian cells due to caspase-mediated cleavage and inactivation of Dicer-1. Cell Death Differ 2009;16:858–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieril A, . Single agent dexamethasone for pre-stem cell transplant induction therapy for multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004;34:485–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, . Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2487–2498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titov DV, Gilman B, He QL. XPB, a subunit of TFIIH, is a target of the natural product triptolide. Nat Chem Biol 2011;7:182–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Kim M, Han J. MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. EMBO J 2004;23:4051–4060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomi M, Moriwaki K, Katagiri S, . Glucocorticoid effects on myeloma cells in culture: correlation of growth inhibition with induction of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA. Cancer Res 1990;50:1873–1878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erno V, Carla SLV, Rob M, . MicroRNA 18 and 124a down-regulate the glucocorticoid receptor: implications for glucocorticoid responsiveness in the brain. Endocrinology 2009;150:2220–2228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang WT, Kang JJ, Lee KY, . Triptolide and chemotherapy cooperate in tumor cell apoptosis. A role for the p53 pathway. J Biol Chem 2001;276:2221–2227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi YJ, Kim TG, Kim YH, . Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of XIAP in U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66:273–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter BZ, Mak DH, Schober WD, . Triptolide induces caspase dependent cell death mediated via the mitochondrial pathway in leukemic cells. Blood 2006;108:630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter BZ, Mak DH, Schober WD, . Triptolide sensitizes AML cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via decrease of XIAP and p53-mediated increase of DR5. Blood 2008;111:3742–3750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frese S, Pirnia F, Miescher D, . PG490-mediated sensitization of lung cancer cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis requires activation of ERK2. Oncogene 2003;22:5427–5435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KY, Park JS, Jee YK, . Triptolide sensitizes lung cancer cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Exp Mol Med 2002;34:462–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar