Retreatment with bendamustine-containing regimens in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent B-cell lymphomas achieves high response rates and some long lasting remissions

References

• Ozegowski W, Krebs D. w-[bis-(chlorethyl)-amino-benzimidazolyl-(2)]-propionic or butyric acids as potential cytostatic agents. J Prakt Chem 1963;20:178–186.
   Google Scholar
• Weide R. Bendamustine HCL for the treatment of relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008;4:727–732.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leoni LM, Bailey B, Reifert J, et al. Bendamustine (Treanda) displays a distinct pattern of cytotoxicity and unique mechanistic features compared with other alkylating agents. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:309–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaul L, Mandl-Weber S, Baumann P, et al. Bendamustine induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in myeloma cells: the role of ATM-Chk2-Cdc25A and ATM-p53-p21-pathways. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:245–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leoni LM, Hartley JA. Mechanism of action:the unique pattern of bendamustine-induced cytotoxicity. Semin Hematol 2011;48(Suppl. 1):S12–S23.
   Google Scholar
• Kath R, Blumenstengel K, Fricke HJ, et al. Bendamustine monotherapy in advanced and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001;127:48–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann MA, Goebeler ME, Herold M, et al. Efficacy of bendamustine in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase I/II study of the German CLL Study Group. Haematologica 2005:90:1357–1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heider A, Niederle N. Efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Anticancer Drugs 2001;12:725–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg JW, Cohen P, Chen L et al. Bendamustine in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent and transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results from a phase II multicenter, single-agent study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:204–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahl BS, Bartlett NL, Leonard JP, et al. Bendamustine is effective therapy in patients with rituximab-refractory, indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results from a Multicenter Study. Cancer 2010;116:106–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köppler H, Heymanns J, Pandorf A, et al. Bendamustine plus mitoxantrone – a new effective treatment for advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase I/II study. Leuk Lymphoma 2004;45:911–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köppler H, Fuss H, Hurtz HJ, et al. Bendamustine plus mitoxantrone for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): results of a multicentre phase II study of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG). Br J Haematol 2012;158:238–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weide R, Heymanns J, Köppler H. Successful treatment of alkylating agent resistant low grade B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphomas with bendamustine/mitoxantrone/rituximab (BMR). Onkologie 1999; 22(Suppl.): Abstract 644.
   Google Scholar
• Weide R, Heymanns J, Gores A, et al. Bendamustine mitoxantrone and rituximab (BMR): a new effective regimen for refractory or relapsed indolent lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2002;43:327–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weide R, Pandorf A, Heymanns J, et al. Bendamustine/mitoxantrone/rituximab (BMR): a very effective, well tolerated outpatient chemoimmunotherapy for relapsed and refractory CD20-positive indolent malignancies. Final results of a pilot study. Leuk Lymphoma 2004;45:2445–2449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weide R, Hess G, Köppler H, et al. High anti-lymphoma activity of bendamustine/mitoxantrone/rituximab in rituximab pretreated relapsed or refractory indolent lymphomas and mantle cell lymphomas. A multicenter phase II study of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG). Leuk Lymphoma 2007;48:1299–1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weide R, Mergenthaler U, Friesenhahn V, et al. Bendamustine/mitoxantrone/rituximab: a short remission induction chemoimmunotherapy for elderly patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009;50:1468–1474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rummel MJ, Al-Batran SE, Kim SZ, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab is effective and has a favorable toxicity profile in the treatment of mantle cell and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3383–3389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer K, Cramer P, Busch R, et al. Bendamustine combined with rituximab in patients with relapsed and/or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a multicenter phase II trial of the German Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3559–3566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iannitto E, Morabito F, Mancuso S, et al. Bendamustine with or without rituximab in the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: an Italian retrospective study. Br J Haematol 2011;153:351–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Grever M, et al. National Cancer Institute-Sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood 1996;87:4990–4997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Horning S, Coiffier B, et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1244–1253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauf WU, Lissichkov T, Aldaoud A, et al. Phase III randomized study of bendamustine compared with chlorambucil in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4378–4384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rummel M, Kaiser U, Balser C, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab versus fludarabine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed follicular, indolent and mantle cell lymphomas – final results of a randomized phase III study NHL 2 – 2003 on behalf of the Stil (Study Group Indolent Lymphomas, Germany). Blood 2010;116(Suppl. 1): Abstract 856.
   Google Scholar
• Rummel M, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab (B-R) versus CHOP plus rituximab (CHOP-R) as first-line treatment in patients with indolent and mantle cell lymphomas (MCL): updated results from the Stil NHL1 study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(Suppl.): Abstract 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Fischer K, Fingerle-Rowson G, et al. Addition of rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised, open label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2010;376:1164–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg JW, Vose JM, Kelly JL, et al. The combination of bendamustine, bortezomib, and rituximab for patients with relapsed/refractory indolent and mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 2011;117:2807–2812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rummel MJ, Gregory SA. Bendamustine's emerging role in the management of lymphoid malignancies. Semin Hematol 2011; 48(Suppl. 1):S24–S36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar