Infectious complications in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A complication from the past?

References

• Palumbo A, Anderson K. Multiple Myeloma. New Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1046–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA. Multiple myeloma: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2005; 80: 1371–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augustson BM, Begum G, Dunn JA, et al. Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma: analysis of patients entered onto the United Kingdom Medical Research Council trials between 1980 and 2002—Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 9219–9226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner HC, Haynes AP, Thompson JR, et al. Perspectives in multiple myeloma: survival, prognostic factors and disease complications in a single centre between 1975 and 1988. Q J Med 1991; 79: 517–525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murakami H, Hayashi K, Hatsumi N, et al. Risk factors for early death in patients undergoing treatment for multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2001; 80: 452–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perri RT, Hebbel RP, Oken MM. Influence of treatment and response status on infection risk in multiple myeloma. Am J Med 1981; 71: 935–940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesana C, Nosari AM, Klersy C, et al. Risk factors for the development of bacterial infections in multiple myeloma treated with two different vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone schedules. Haematologica 2003; 88: 1022–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broder S, Humphrey R, Durm M, et al. Impaired synthesis of polyclonal (non-paraprotein) immunoglobulins by circulating lymphocytes from patients with multiple myeloma role of suppressor cells. New Engl J Med 1975; 293: 887–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruzanski W, Gidon MS, Roy A. Suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma: relationship to the staging and other manifestations at diagnosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1980; 17: 280–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kay NE, Leong T, Bone N, et al. T-helper phenotypes in the blood of myeloma patients on ECOG phase III trials E9486/E3A93. Br J Haematol 1998; 100: 459–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhoff S, Hjorth M, Holmberg E, et al. Impact on survival of high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell support in patients younger than 60 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a population based study. Blood 2000; 95: 7–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twomey JJ. Infections complicating multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Arch Int Med 1973; 132: 562–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage DG, Lindenbaum J, Garrett TJ. Biphasic pattern of bacterial infection in multiple myeloma. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96: 47–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bladé J, Rosiñol L. Complications of multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2007; 21: 1231–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, et al. Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies. Blood 2008; 111: 2516–2520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The BW, Harrison SJ, Pellegrini M, et al. Changing treatment paradigms for patients with plasma cell myeloma: impact upon immune determinants of infection. Blood Review 2014; 28: 75–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes RB, McKibbon KA, Wilczynski NL, et al. Optimal search strategies for retrieving scientifically strong studies of treatment from Medline: analytical survey. Br Med J 2005; 330: 1179.
   Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0. 2006 http://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/ctcaev3.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Caravita T, et al. Oral mephalan and prednisone chemotherapy plus thalidomide compared with melphalan and prednisone alone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367: 825–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facon T, Mary JY, Hulin C, et al. Melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide versus melphalan and prednisone alone or reduced intensity autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with multiple myeloma (IFM 99-06): a randomised trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 1209–1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulin C, Facon T, Rodon P, et al. Efficacy of melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide in patients older than 75 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: IFM 01/01 trial. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 3664–3670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijermans P, Schaafsma M, Termorshuizen F, et al. Phase III study of the value of thalidomide added to melphalan plus prednisone; in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the HOVON 49 Study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 3160–3166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waage A, Gimsing P, Fayers P, et al. Melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide or placebo in elderly patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2010; 116: 1405–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beksac M, Haznedar R, Firatli-Tuglular T, et al. Addition of thalidomide to oral melphalan/prednisone in patients with multiple myeloma not eligible for transplantation: results of a randomized trial from the Turkish Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol 2011; 86: 16–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig H, Hajek R, Tóthová E, et al. Thalidomide-dexamethasone compared with melphalan-prednisolone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2009; 113: 3435–3442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Blood E, Vesole D, et al. Phase III clinical trial of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a clinical trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 431–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory, et al. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexametahsone (CTD) as initial therapy for patients with multiple myeloma unsuitable for autologous transplantation. Blood 2011; 118: 1231–1238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK, et al. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 906–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateos MV, Oriol A, Martínez J, et al. Bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone versus bortezomib, thalidomide, and prednisone as induction therapy followed by maintenance treatment with bortezomib and thalidomide versus bortezomib and prednisone in elderly patients with untreated multiple myeloma: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 934–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Rossi D, et al. Bortezomb-melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide followed by maintenance with bortezomib-thalidomide compared with bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma: a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 5101–5108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander NS, et al. Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonder JA, Crowley J, Hussein MA, et al. Lenalidomide and high-dose dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone as initial therapy for multiple myeloma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group trial (S0232). Blood 2010; 116: 5838–5841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Hajek R, Delforge M, et al. Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. New Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1759–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benboubker L, Dimopoulos MA, Dispenzieri A, et al. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant–ineligible patients with myeloma. New Engl J Med 2014; 371: 906–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harousseau JL, Attal M, Loiseau H, et al. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is superior to vincristine plus doxorubicin plus dexamethasone as induction treatment prior to autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the IFM 2005-01 phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 4621–4629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavo M, Tachetti P, Patriarca F, et al. Bortezomib with thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with thalidomide plus dexametasone as induction therapy before, and consolidation therapy after, double autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 study. Lancet 2011; 376: 2075–2085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosiñol L, Oriol A, Teruel AI, et al. Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA/GEM study. Blood 2012; 120: 1589–1596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau P, Avet-Loiseau H, Facon T, et al. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone versus reduced-dose bortezomib, thalidomide plus dexamethasone as induction treatment before autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2011; 118: 5752–5758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonneveld P, Schmidt-Wolf IG, van der Holt B, et al. Bortezomib induction and maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the randomized phase III HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 2946–2955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Rosiñol L, Hussein M, et al. Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 2171–2177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zervas K, Mihou D, Katodritou E, et al. VAD-doxil versus VAD-doxil plus thalidomide as initial treatment for multiple myeloma: ressults of a multicenter randomized trial of the Grrek myeloma study group. Ann Oncol 2007; 18: 1369–1375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, et al. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients destined for autologous stem-cell transplantation: MRC Myeloma IX randomized trial results. Haematologica 2012; 97: 442–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa TT. Epidemiology and unique aspects of aging and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 931–933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Attal M, et al. Optimizing the use of lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: consensus statement. Leukemia 2011; 25: 749–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrillo JE, Fauci AS. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action on immune processes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1979; 19: 179–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augustson BM, Begum G, Dunn JA, et al. Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma: analysis of patients entered onto the United Kingdom Medical Research Council Trials between 1980 and 2002–Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 9219–9226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Waage A, Hulin C, et al. Safety of thalidomide in newly diagnosed elderly myeloma patients: a meta-analysis of data from individual patients in six randomized trials. Haematologica 2013; 98: 87–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nucci M, Anaisse E. Infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of high-dose therapy and novel agents. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 1211–1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowden JA, Ahmedzai SH, Ashcroft J, et al. Guidelines for supportive care in multiple myeloma 2011. Br J Haematol 2011; 154: 76–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar