Histiocytosis Syndromes Classification, Diagnostic Features and Current Concepts

References

• Van Furth R. Current view on the mononuclear phagocytic system. Immunobiology. 1982; 161: 178–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz S. I., Tamaki K., Sachs D. H. Epidermal Langer-hans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow. Nature 1979; 282: 324–325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy G. F., Messadi D., Fonferko E., Hancock W. W. Phenotypic transformation of macrophages to Langer-hans cells in the skin. Am. J. Pathol. 1986; 123: 401–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roholl P. J. M., Kleyne J., Prins M. E. F., Hooijkass H., Vroom T. M., van Unnik J. A. M. Immunologic marker analysis of normal and malignant histiocytes; A comparative study of monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic purposes. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1988; 89: 187–194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowden G. Antigenic Markers of epidermal Langer-hans cells: Light and electron microscopic immuno-cytochemi-cal methods of detection;. Methods in Skin Research, D. Skerrow, C. J. Skerrow. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York 1985; 91–141
   Google Scholar
• Azumi N., Sheibani K., Swartz W. G., Stroup R. M., Rappa-Port H. Antigenic phenotype of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: An immunohistochemical study demonstrating the value of LN-2, LN-3, and vimentin. Hum. Pathol. 1988; 19: 1376–1382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood G. S., Turner R. R., Shiurba R. A., Eng L., Warnke R. A. Human Dendritic cells and macrophages. Am. J. Pathol. 1985; 119: 3–82
   Google Scholar
• Ralfkiaer E., Stein H., Ralfkiaer N., Hou-Jensen K., Mason D. Y. Normal and neoplastic Langerhans cells: Phenotypic comparison with other types of macrophages. Adv. Ex. Med. Biol. 1985; 186: 1009–1015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemes Z., Thomazy V. Diagonistic significance of histiocyte-related markers in malignant histiocytosis and true histiocytic lymphoma. Cancer 1988; 62: 1970–1980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ree H. J., Kadin M. E. Peanut agglutinin. A useful marker for Histiocytosis X and interdigitating reticulum cells. Cancer 1986; 57: 282–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birbeck M. S., Breathnach A. S., Everall J. D. An electron microscope study of basal melanocytes and high-level clear cells (Langerhans' cells) in vitiligo. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1961; 37: 51–64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray A., Schmitt D., Dequtter-Dambuyant C., Fargier M., Thivolet J. Reappearance of CD 1a antigenic sites after endocytosis on human Langerhans cells evidenced by immuno-goldrelabeling. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1989; 98: 217–224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mierau G. W., Favara B. E., Brenman J. M. Electron microscopy in histiocytosis X. Ultrastruct. Pathol. 1982; 3: 137–142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favara B. E., Jaffe R. Pathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol./Oncol. Clin. No. Amer. 1987; 1: 75–96
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenberger J. S., Crocker A. C., Vawter G., Jaffe N., Cassady J. R. Results of treatment of 127 patients with systemic histiocytosis (Letterer-Siwe Syndrome, Schuller-Christian syndrome and multifocal eosinophilic granuloma). Medicine. 1981; 1: 311–338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osband M. E., Lipton J. M., Lavin P., Levey R., Vawter G., Greenberger J. S., McCaffery R. P., Parkman R. Histiocytosis X. New Eng. J. Med. 1981; 304: 146–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nezelof C., Basset F., Rousseau M. F. Histiocytosis X. Histogenetic arguments for a Langerhans' cell origin. Biomedi-cine. 1973; 18: 365–371
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leiken S. L. Immunobiology of Histiocytosis-X. Hematol./Oncol. Clin. No. Amer. 1987; 1: 49–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nesbit M. E., Jr, O'Leary M., Dehner L. P., Ramsay N. K. C. The immune system and the histiocytosis syndromes. Am. J. Pediat. Hematol. Oncol. 1981; 1, 141 149
   Google Scholar
• Newton W. A., Jr, Hamoudi A. B., Shannon B. T. Role of the thymus in histiocytosis-X. Hematol./Oncol. Clin. No. Amer. 1987; 1: 63–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Consolini R., Cini P., Cei B., Bottone E. Thymic dysfunction in histiocytosis-X. Am. J. Pediat. Hematol. Oncol. 1987; 9: 146–148
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabkin M. S., Wittwer C. T., Kjeldsberg C. R., Piepkorn M. W. Flow-cytometric DNA content of Histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). Am. J. Pathol. 1988; 131: 283–289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry D. H., Becton D. L. Natural history of Histiocytosis-X. Hematol./Oncol. Clin. No. Amer. 1987; 1: 23–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nezelof C., Frileux-Herbet F., Cronier-Sachot J. Disseminated histiocytosis X. Analysis of prognostic factors based on a retrospective study of 50 cases. Cancer 1979; 44: 1824–1838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colby T. V., Lombard C. Histiocytosis X in the lung. Human Pathol. 1983; 14: 847–856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hance A. J., Cadranel J., Soler P., Basset F. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (Histiocytosis X). Seminars in Respiratory Medicine. 1988; 9: 349–368
   Google Scholar
• Esterly N. B. Cutaneous Letterer-Siwe disease. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1979; 117: 236–238
   Google Scholar
• Wolfson S. L., Botero F., Hurwitz S., Pearson H. A. 'Pure' cutaneous histiocytosis-X. Cancer 1981; 48: 2236–2238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams J. W., Dorfman R. F. Lymphadenopathy as the initial manifestation of histiocytosis X. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1979; 2: 405–421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann M. P., Frizzera G. The coexistence of Langerhans' cell granulomatosis and malignant lymphoma may take different forms: Report of seven cases with a review of the literature. Hum. Pathol. 1986; 17: 1060–1065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Writing group of the Histiocyte Society, Histiocytosis syndromes in children. Lancet 1987; i: 208–209
   Google Scholar
• Santamaria M., Llamas L., Ree H. J., Sheibani K., Ho Y., Su I., Hsu S. Expression of sialylated Leu-MI antigen in histiocytosis X. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1988; 89: 211–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieber T., Hanau D., Heid E., Kazatchkine M. D. Histiocytosis-X cells express C3b, C3d, and C3bi receptor (CR1, CR2, and CR3) antigens. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1985; 277: 496–498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy G. F. Monoclonal anti-T6 antibody and Langerhans cells. Br. J. Dermatol. 1982; 107: 487–489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan W. C., Zaatari G. Interdigitating reticulum cell sarcoma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1986; 85: 739–744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii E., Watanabe S. Biochemistry and biology of the Langerhans cell. Hematoll Oncol. Clin. N. Amer. 1987; 1: 99–118
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Risdall R. J., Dehner L. P., Duray P., Kobrinsky N., Robison L., Nesbit M. E. Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' histiocytosis). Arch. Pathol Lab. Med. 1983; 107: 59–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahey M. E. Histiocytosis X (An analysis of prognostic factors). J. Pediat. 1987; 87: 184–189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLelland J., Pritchard J., Chu A. C. Histiocytosis X: Current controversies. Hematol./Oncol. Clin. N. Amer. 1987; 1: 147–162
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Broadbent V., Pritchard J., Yeomans E. Etoposide (VP16) in the treatment of multisystem Langerhans cell histio-cytosi (Histiocytosis X). Med. Pediat. Oncol. 1989; 17: 97–100
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farquhar J. W., Macgregor A. R., Richmond J. Familial hemophagocytic reticulosis. Be. Med. J. 1958; 2: 1561–1564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg J., Nezelof C. Lymphohistiocytosis: A multifactorial syndrome of macrophage activation. Clinicopatho-logic study of 38 cases. Hemat. Oncol. 1986; 4: 275–289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janka G. E. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Eur. J. Pediat. 1983; 140: 221–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston R. B. Monocytes and macrophages. Current concepts: Immunology. New Eng. J. Med. 1988; 318: 747–752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giradin E., Grau G. E., Dayer J-M., Roux-Lombard P., Jr, Study Group Lambert P-H. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the serum of children with severe infectious purpura. New Eng. J. Med. 1988; 319: 397–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladisch S., Poplack D. G., Holiman B., Blaese M. R. Immunodeficiency in familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Lancet. 1978; i: 581–583
   Google Scholar
• Arico M., Nespoli L., Maccario R., Montagna D., Bonetti F., Caselli D., Burgio G. R. Natural cytotoxicity impairment in familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Arch. Dis. Childh. 1988; 63: 292–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komp D. M., McNamara J. Elevated soluble inter-leukin-2 receptor in childhood hemophagocytic histiocytic syndromes. Blood. 1989; 73: 2128–2132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnke R. A., Kim H., Dorfman R. F. Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis) I. Clinicopatho-logic study of 29 cases. Cancer 1975; 35: 215–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favara B. E. Lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis. Pediat. Path. 1983; 1: 229–235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becton D. L., Kurtzberg J., Kinney T. R., Friedman H. S., Chaffee S., Falletta J. M. Treatment of lymphohistiocytic erythrophagocytosis with VP-16 and aziridinylbenzoquin-one. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 1987; 15: 58–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer A., Cerf-Bensussan N., Blanche S., LeDeist F., Bre-marad-Oury C., Lverger G., Schaison G., Durandy A., Griscelli C. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J. Pediatr. 1986; 108: 267–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risdall R. J., McKenna R. W., Nesbit M. E., Krivit W., Balfour H. H., Simmons R. L., Brunning R. D. Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. A benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis. Cancer 1979; 44: 993–1002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arya S., Hong R., Gilbert E. F. Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Pediat. Path. 1985; 3: 129–141
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daum G. S., Sullivan J. L., Mulder C., Woda B. A. Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: Identification of an immunoproliferative precursor lesion. Hum. Pathol. 1987; 18: 1071–1074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purtillo D. T., DeFlorio D., Hutt L. M., Bhawan J., Yang J. P., Otto R., Edwards W. Variable phenotypic expression of an X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. New Eng. J. Med. 1977; 297: 1077–1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawroz I. M., Wilson-Storey E. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). Histopathol. 1989; 14: 91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianotti F., Caputo R. Histiocytic syndromes: A review. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 1985; 13: 383–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giller R., Folberg R., Keech R. V., Piette W. W., Sato Y. Xanthoma Disseminatum. An unusual histiocytosis syndrome. Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 1988; 10: 252–257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pober J. S. Cytokine-mediated activation of vascular endothelium. Am. J. Pathol. 1988; 133: 426–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facchetti F., De Wolf-Peeters D., De Vos R., Van den Oord J. J., Pulford K. A. F., Desmet V. J. Plasmacytoid monocytes (So-called plasmacytoid T cells) in granulomatous lymphadenitis. Hum. Pathol. 1989; 20: 588–593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aterman K., Remmele W., Smith M. Karl Touton and his “Zanthelasmatic Giant Cell”. A selective review of multinucleated giant cells. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 1988; 10: 257–269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar