Addition of Etoposide to Initial Therapy of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Combined Clinicaland Laboratory Study

References

• O'Reilly S. E., Klimo P., Connors J. M. The Evolving Role of Etoposide in the Management of Lymphomas and Hodgkin's Disease. Cancer 1991; 67: 271–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonneveld P. Teniposide in Lymphomas and Leukemias. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 59–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young R. C. Etoposide in the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 19–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urba W. J., Wilson W. H., Duffey P. L., Wittes R., Chabner B. A., Longo D. L. Recent National Cancer Institute Lymphoma Trials of Etoposide-Containing Combination Chemotherapy. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 26–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hainsworth J. D. Chronic Administration of Etoposide in the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1993; 10: 65–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herzig R. H. High-Dose Etoposide and Marrow Transplantation. Cancer 1991; 67: 292–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blume K. G., Forman S. J. High-Dose Etoposide (VP-16)-Containing Preparatory Regimens in Allogeneic and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 63–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder D. S., Chao N. J., Amylon M. D., Taguchi J., Long G. D., Negrin R. S., Nademanee A. P., O'Donnell M. R., Schmidt G. M., Stein A. S., Parker P. M., Smith E. P., Stepan D. E., Molina A., Lipsett J. A., Hoppe R. T., Niland J. C., Dagis A. C., Wong R. M., Forman S. J., Blume K. G. Fractionated Total Body Irradiation and High-Dose Etoposide as a Preparatory Regimen for Bone Marrow Transplantation for 99 Patients with Acute Leukemia in First Complete Remission. Blood 1993; 82: 2920–2928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera G. K., Raimondi S. C., Hancock M. L., Behm F. G., Pui C. H., Abromowitch M., Mirro J., Jr., Ochs J. S., Look A. T., Williams D. L., Murphy S. B., Dahl G. V., Kalwinsky D. K., Evans W. E., Kun L. E., Simone J. V., Christ W. M. Improved Outcome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia with Reinforced Early Treatment and Rotational Combination Chemotherapy. Lancet 1991; 337: 61–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera G. K., Evans W. E. Clinical Trials of Teniposide (VM-26) in Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 51–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Copelan E. A., McGuire E. A. The Biology and Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults. Blood 1995; 85: 1151–1168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop J. F. Etoposide in the Treatment of Leukemias. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 33–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross W. E., Sullivan D. M., Chow K.-C. Advances in Oncology 1988, V. E. Devita, S. Hellman, S. A. Rosenberg. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, PA 1988; 65–81
   Google Scholar
• Chen A. Y., Liu L. F. DNA Topoisomerases: Essential Enzymes and Lethal Targets. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 1994; 34: 191–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pommier Y., Leteurtre F., Fesen M. R., Fujimori A., Bertrand R., Solary E., Kohlhagen G., Kohn K. W. Cellular Determinants of Sensitivity and Resistance to DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitors. Cancer Investigation 1994; 12: 530–542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewey K. M., Rowe T. C., Yang L., Halligan B. D., Liu L. F. Adriamycin-Induced DNA Damage by Mammalian DNA Topoisomerases II. Science 1984; 226: 466–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassermann K., Markovits J., Jaxel C., Capranico G., Kohn K. W., Pommier Y. Effects of Morpholinyl Doxorubicins, Doxorubicin, and Actinomycin D on Mammalian DNA Topoisomerases I and II. Molecular Pharmacology 1990; 38: 38–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deffie A. M., McPherson J. P., Gupta R. S., Hedley D. W., Goldenberg G. J. Multifactorial Resistance to Antineoplastic Agents in Drug-Resistant P388 Murine Leukemia, Chinese Hamster Ovary, and Human HeLa Cells, with Emphasis on the Role of DNA Topoisomerase II. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 1992; 70: 354–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck W. T., Danks M. K., Wolverton J. S., Kim R., Chen M. Drug Resistance Associated with Altered DNA Topoisomerase II. Advances in Enzyme Regulation 1993; 33: 113–127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peereboom D., Charron M., Kaufmann S. H. Topoisomerase in Human Leukemia. Advances in Pharmacology 1994; 29B: 33–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Froelich-Ammon S. J., Osheroff N. Topoisomerase Poisons: Harnessing the Dark Side of Enzyme Mechanism. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995; 270: 21429–21432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein L. J., Galski H., Fojo A., Willingham M., Lai S.-L., Gazdar A., Pirker R., Green A., Crist W., Brodear G. M., Lieber M., Cossman J., Gottesman M. M., Pastan I. Expression of a Multidrug Resistance Gene in Human Cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1989; 81: 116–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herweijer H., Sonneveld P., Baas F., Nooter K. Expression of mdr1 and mdr3 Multidrug-Resistance Genes in Human Acute and Chronic Leukemias and Association with Stimulation of Drug Accumulation by Cyclosporine. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1990; 82: 1133–1140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marie J.-P., Zittoun R., Sikic B. I. Multidrug Resistance (mdr1) Gene Expression in Adult Acute Leukemias: Correlations with Treatment Outcome and In Vitro Drug Sensitivity. Blood 1991; 78: 586–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gekeler V., Frese G., Noller A., Handgretinger R., Wilisch A., Schmidt H., Muller C. P., Dopfer R., Klingebiel T., Diddens H., Probst H., Niethammer D. Mdr1/P-Glycoprotein, Topoisomerase, and Glutathione-S-Transferase Pi gene Expression in Primary and Relapsed State Adult and Childhood Leukaemia. British Journal of Cancer 1992; 66: 507–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuwazuru Y., Yoshimura A., Hanada S., Utsunomiya A., Makino T., Ishibashi K., Kodama M., Iwahashi M., Arima T., Akiyama S. Expression of the Multidrug Transporter, P-Glycoprotein, in Acute Leukemia Cells and Correlation to Clinical Drug Resistance. Cancer 1990; 66: 868–873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuwazuru Y., Hanada S., Furukawa T., Sumizawa T., Utsunomiya A., Ishibashi K., Saito T., Uozumi K., Maruyama M. Expression of P-Glycoprotein in Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells. Blood 1990; 76: 2065–2071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara I., Kodo H., Ohkochi E., Hamada H., Tsuruo T., Mori S. High-Level Expression of MRK 16 and MRK 20 Murine Monocloncal Antibody-Defined Proteins (170–180,000 P-Glycoprotein and 85,000 Protein) in Leukaemias and Malignant Lymphomas. British Journal of Cancer 1989; 60: 538–541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musto P., Cascavilla N., Di Renzo N., Ladogana S., La Sala A., Melillo L., Nobile M., Matera R., Lombardi G., Carotenuto M. Clinical Relevance of Immunocytochemical Detection of Multidrug-Resistance-Associated P-Glycoprotein in Hematologic Malignancies. Tumori 1990; 76: 353–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solary E., Bidan J.-M., Calvo F., Caillot D., Mugneret F., Gauville C., Tsuruo T., Carli P. M., Guy H. P-Glycoprotein Expression and In Vitro Reversion of Doxorubicin Resistance by Verapamil in Clinical Specimens from Acute Leukaemia and Myeloma. Leukemia 1991; 5: 592–597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goasguen J. E., Dossot J.-M., Fardel O., Le Mee F., Le Gall E., Leblay R., Leprise P. Y., Chaperon J., Fauchet R. Expression of the Multidrug Resistance-Associated P-Glycoprotein (P-170) in 59 Cases of De Novo Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Prognostic Implications. Blood 1993; 81: 2394–2395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberg M. L., Mickley L. A., Cole D. E., Balis F. M., Tsuruo T., Poplack D. G., Fojo A. T. Expression of the MDR 1/P-170 Gene in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Blood 1989; 74: 1388–1395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubezio P., Limonta M., D'Incalci M., Damia G., Masera G., Giudici G., Wolverton J. S., Beck W. T. Failure to Detect the P-Glycoprotein Multidrug Resistance Phenotype in Cases of Resistant Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 1989; 25: 1895–1899
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schneider E., Cowan K. H., Bader H., Toomey S., Schwartz G. N., Karp J. E., Burke P. J., Kaufmann S. H. Increased Expression of the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein Gene in Relapsed Acute Leukemia. Blood 1995; 85: 186–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters R., Hongo T., Loonen A. H., Huismans D. R., Broxterman H. J., HÄHlen K., Veerman A. J. P. Different Types of Non-P-Glycoprotein Mediated Multiple Drug Resistance in Children with Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. British Journal of Cancer 1992; 65: 691–697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber A., Vitols S., Norgren S., ArestrÖM I., Peterson C., BjÖRkholm M., Reizenstein P., Luthman H. Quantitative Determination of mdr1 Gene Expression in Leukaemic Cells from Patients with Acute Leukaemia. British Journal of Cancer 1992; 66: 266–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludescher C., Hilbe W., Eisterer W., Thaler J., Gotwald M., Hofmann J. Low Incidence of Activity of P-Glycoprotein (P-170) in De Novo Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Determined by a Flow Cytometry Assay. Blood 1993; 82: 3505–3507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake F. H., Hofmann G. A., Bartus H. F., Mattern M. R., Crooke S. T., Mirabelli C. K. Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of p170 and p180 Forms of Topoisomerase II. Biochemistry 1989; 28: 8154–8160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prosperi E., Negri C., Marchese G., Astaldi Ricotti G. C. B. Expression of the 170-kDA and 180 kDA isoform of DNA Topoisomerase II in Resting and Proliferating Human Lymphocytes. Cell Proliferation 1994; 27: 257–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potmesil M., Hsiang Y.-H., Liu L. F., Bank B., Grossberg H., Kirschenbaum S., Forlenza T. J., Penziner A., Kanganis D., Forlenza T. J., Knowles D., Traganos F., Silber R. Resistance of Human Leukemic and Normal Lymphocytes to Drug-Induced DNA Cleavage and Low Levels of DNA Topoisomerase II. Cancer Research 1988; 48: 3537–3543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann S. H., McLaughlin S. J., Kastan M., Liu L. F., Karp J. E., Burke P. J. Topoisomerase II Levels During Granulocytic Maturation in Vitro and in Vivo. Cancer Research 1991; 51: 3534–3543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown G. A., McPherson J. P., Gu L., Hedley D. W., Toso R., Deuchars K. L., Freedman M. H., Goldenberg G. J. Relationship of DNA Topoisomerase II Alpha and Beta Expression to Cytotoxicity of Antineoplastic Agents in Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines. Cancer Research 1995; 55: 78–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards C. M., Glisson B. S., King C. K., Smallwood-Kentro S., Ross W. E. Etoposide-Induced DNA Cleavage in Human Leukemia Cells. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 1987; 20: 162–168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donehower R. C., Karp J. E., Burke P. J. Pharmacology and Toxicity of High-Dose Cytarabine by 72-Hour Continuous Infusion. Cancer Treatment Reports 1986; 70: 1059–1065
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wingard J. R., Piantadosi S., Santos G. W., Saral R., Vriesendorp H. M., Yeager A. M., Burns W. H., Ambinder R. F., Braine H. G., Elfenbein G., Jones R. J., Kaizer H., May W. S., Rowley S. D., Sensenbrenner L. L., Stuart R. K., Tutschka P. J., Vogelsang G. B., Wagner J. E., Beschorner W. E., Brookmeyer R., Farmer E. R. Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients with High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1990; 8: 820–830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowley S. D., Miller C. B., Piantadosi S., Davis J. M., Santos G. W., Jones R. J. Phase I Study of Combination Drug Purging for Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1991; 9: 2210–2218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zehnbauer B. A., Pardoll D. M., Burke P. J., Graham M. L., Vogelstein B. Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangements in Remission Bone Marrow Specimens from Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Blood 1986; 67: 835–838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann S. H., Karp J. E., Jones R. J., Miller C. B., Schneider E., Zwelling L. A., Cowan K., Wendel K., Burke P. J. Topoisomerase II Levels and Drug Sensitivity in Adult Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Blood 1994; 83: 517–530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minowada J., Ohnuma T., Moore G. E. Rosette-Forming Human Lymphoid Cell Lines. I. Establishment and Evidence for Origin of Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1972; 49: 891–895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willingham M. C., Cornwell M. M., Cardarelli C. O., Gottesman M. M., Pastan I. Single Cell Analysis of Daunomycin Uptake and Efflux in Multi-Drug-Resistant and -Sensitive KB Cells: Effects of Verapamil and Other Drugs. Cancer Research 1986; 46: 5941–5946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole S. P., Downes H. F., Slovak M. L. Effect of Calcium Antagonists on the Chemosensitivity of Two Multidrug-Resistant Human Tumour Cell Lines Which Do Not Overexpress P-Glycoprotein. British Journal of Cancer 1989; 59: 42–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leier I., Jedlitschky G., Buchholz U., Cole S. P., Deeley R. G., Keppler D. The MRP Gene Encodes an ATP-De-pendent Export Pump for Leukotriene C4 and Structurally Related Conjugates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994; 269: 27807–27810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck W. T. The Cell Biology of Multiple Drug Resistance. Biochemical Pharmacology 1987; 36: 2879–2887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Bliek A. M., Van Der Velde-Koerts T., Ling V., Borst P. Overexpression and Amplification of Five Genes in a Mul-tidrug-Resistant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1986; 6: 1671–1678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks C. B., Rowinsky E. K., Grochow L. B., Donehower R. C., Kaufmann S. H. Effect of P-Glycoprotein Expression on the Accumulation and Cytotoxicity of Topotecan (SK&F 104864), a New Camptothecin Analogue. Cancer Research 1992; 52: 2268–2278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkholm M. Etoposide and Teniposide in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia. Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy 1990; 7: 3–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abromowitch M., Bowman W. P., Ochs J., Rivera G. Etoposide (VP-16) with Prednisone and Vincristine for the Treatment of Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1985; 3: 789–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esumi N., Todo S., Arakawa S., Imashuku S. Etoposide and Cytosine Arabinoside Combination Chemotherapy for Refractory Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Childhood. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1986; 4: 1089–1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho A. D., Brado B., Haas R., Hunstein W. Etoposide in Acute Leukemia. Past Experience and Future Perspectives. Cancer 1991; 67: 281–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kalken C. K., Broxterman H. J., Pinedo H. M., Feller N., Dekker H., Lankelma J., Giaccone G. Cortisol is Transported by the Multidrug Resistance Gene Product P-Glycoprotein. British Journal of Cancer 1993; 67: 284–289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgeois S., Gruol D. J., Newby R. F., Rajah F. M. Expression of an MDR Gene is Associated with a New Form of Resistance to Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis. Molecular Endocrinology 1993; 7: 840–851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden J. A., Snow G. W., Perkins S. L., Jolles C. J., Kjeldsberg C. R. Immunohistochemical Staining for DNA Topoisomerase II in Frozen and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Human Tissues. Modern Pathology 1994; 7: 829–834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikic B. I. Modulation of Multidrug Resistance: At the Threshold. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993; 11: 1629–1635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabutti V., Pileri A., Tarocco R. P., Gavosto F., Cooper E. H. Proliferative Potential of Out-of-Cycle Leukemia Cells. Nature 1969; 224: 375–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson B., Fried J., Strife A., Sakai Y., Ota K., Okita T. Studies of Cellular Proliferation in Human Leukemia. Cancer 1970; 25: 1237–1260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparano J. A., Wiernik P. H., Leaf A., Dutcher J. P. Infusional Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Etoposide in Relapsed and Resistant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Evidence for a Schedule-Dependent Effect Favoring Infusional Administation of Chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993; 11: 1071–1079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson W. H., Bryant G., Bates S., Fojo A., Wittes R. E., Steinberg S. M., Kohler D. R., Jaffee E. S., Herdt J., Cheson B. D., et al. EPOCH Chemotherapy: Toxicity and Efficacy in Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993; 11: 1573–1582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hainsworth J. D., Johnson D. H., Frazier S. R., Greco F. A. Chronic Daily Administration of Oral Etoposide in Refractory Lymphoma. European Journal of Cancer 1990; 26: 818–821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson D. S., Hainsworth J. D., Hande K. R., Holzmer M. C., Greco F. A. Prolonged Administration of Low-Dose, Incisional Etoposide in Patients with Etoposide-Sensitive Neoplasms: A Phase I/II Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993; 11: 1322–1328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreeff M., Tafuri A., Hegewisch-Becker S. Colony-Stimulating Factors (rhG-CSF, rhGM-CSF, rhIL-3, and BCGF) Recruit Myeloblasts and Lymphoblastic Leukemic Cells and Enhance the Cytotoxic Effects of Cytosine-Arabinoside. Hamatologie Und Bluttransfusion 1990; 33: 747–762
   Google Scholar
• Rowinsky E. K., Adjei A. A., Donehower R. C., Gore S. D., Jones R. J., Burke P. J., Cheng Y.-C., Grochow L. B., Kaufmann S. H. A Phase I and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Topoisomerase I-Inhibitor Topotecan in Patients with Refractory Acute Leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1994; 12: 2193–2203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uckun F. M., Stewart C. F., Reaman G., Chelstrom L. M., Jin J., Chandan-Langlie M., Waddick K. G., White J., Evans W. E. In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Topotecan Against Human B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Blood 1995; 85: 2817–2828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar