Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Venocclusive Disease after High-Dose Cytoreductive Therapy

References

• Jones R J, Lee K SK, Beschorner W E, Vogel V G, Grochow L B, Braine H G, Vogelsang G B, Sensenbrenner L L, Santos G W, Saral R. Venocclusive disease of the liver following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1987; 44: 778–783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald G B, Sharma P, Matthews D E, Shulman H M, Thomas E D. Venocclusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation: diagnosis, incidence and predisposing factors. Hepatology 1984; 4: 116–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald G B, Hinds M S, Fisher L D, Schoch H G, Wolford J L, Banaji M, Hardin B J, Shulman H M, Clift R A. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver and multiorgan failure after bone marrow transplantation: a cohort study of 355 patients. Annals Int Med 1993; 118: 255–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearman S I, Anderson G, Mori M, Hinds M S, Shulman H M, McDonald G B. Venocclusive disease of the liver. Development of a model for predicting fatal outcome after marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1729–1736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearman S I. The syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after marrow transplantation. Blood 1995; 85: 3005–3020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blostein M D, Paltiel O B, Thibault A, Rybka W B. A comparison of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of veno-occlusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1992; 10: 439–443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J L, Gooley T, Bensinger W, Schiffman K, McDonald G B. Venocclusive disease of the liver after high-dose chemotherapy with alkylating agents: Incidence, outcome and risk factors. Hepatol 1997; 26(Pt 2)149A
   Google Scholar
• Shulman H M, Fisher L B, Schoch H G, Kenne K W, McDonald G W. Venocclusive disease of the liver after marrow transplantation: Histological correlates of clinical signs and symptoms. Hepatology 1994; 19: 1171–1181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shulman H M, McDonald G B, Matthews D, Doney K C, Kopecky K J, Gauvreau J M, Thomas E D. An analysis of hepatic venocclusive diseae and centrilobular hepatic degeneration following bone marrow transplantation. Gastroenterol 1980; 79: 1178–1191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganem G, Saint-Marc Girardin M-F, Keuntz M, Cornonnier C, Marinello G, Teboul C, Bracconier F, Vernant J-P, Dhumeaux D, Le Bourgeois J-P. Venocclusive disease of the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 1988; 14: 879–884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollins B J. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Am J Med 1986; 81: 297–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajardo L F, Colby T V. Pathogenesis of venocclusive liver disease after radiation. Arch Path Lab Med 1980; 104: 584–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P M, McDermott W V. Comfrey tea and hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Lancet 1989; 1: 657–658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen J R, Carstens L A, Katagiri G J. Hepatic veins of monkeys with veno-occlusive disease. Arch Pathol 1969; 87: 279–289
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gumucio J J, Chianale J. Liver cell heterogeneity and liver function. The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, 2nd Edition, I M Arias, W P Jakoby, H Popper, D Schachter, D A Shafritz. Raven, New York, NY 1988; 931
   Google Scholar
• El Mouelhi M, Kauffman F C. Sublobular distribution of transferases and hydrolases associated with glucuronide, sulfate and glutathione conjugation in human liver. Hepatol 1986; 6: 450–456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deleve L D. Dacarbazine toxicity in murine liver cells: A model of hepatic endothial injury and glutathione defense. J Pharm Exp Ther 1994; 286: 1261–1270
   Google Scholar
• Grochow L B, Jones R J, Brundrett R B, Braine H G, Chen T-L, Saral R, Santos G W, Colvin O M. Pharmacokinetics of busul-fan: Correlation of veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1989; 25: 55–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan M, Oberg G, Bekassy A N, Aschan J, Ehrrson H, Ljungman P, Loneholm G, Smedmyr B, Taube A, Wallin I, Simonsson B. Pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulphan in relation to age and chronobiology. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1991; 28: 130–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grochow L B, Piantadosi S, Santos G, Jones R. Busulfan dose adjustment decreases the risk of hepatic venocclusive disease in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Proc AACR 1992; 33: 1197
   Google Scholar
• Slattery J T, Kalhom T F, McDonald G B, Lambert K, Buckner C D, Bensinger W I, Anasetti C, Appelbaum F R. Conditioning regimen-dependent disposition of cyclophosphamide and hydroxycyclophosphamide in human marrow transplantation patients. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1484–1494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deleve L D. Cellular target of cyclophosphamide toxicity in murine liver: role of glutathione and site of metabolic activation. Hepatol 1996; 24: 830–837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrobohaci M L, Drouet L, Monem-Mansi A, Devergie A, Baudin B, D'Agay M F, Gluckman E. Liver veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation. Changes in coagulation parameters and endothelial markers. Thromb Res 1991; 63: 509–519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faioni E M, Krachmalnicoff A, Bearman S I, Federici A B, Decarli A, Gianni A M, McDonald G B, Mannuci P M. Naturally occuring anticoagulants and bone marrow transplantation: Plasma protein C predicts development of venocclusive disease of the liver. Blood 1993; 81: 3458–3462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park Y-D, Yasui M, Yoshimoto T, Chayama K, Shimono T, Okamura T, Inoue M, Yumura-Yagi K, Kawa-Ha K. Changes in hemostatic parameters in hepatic veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1997; 19: 915–920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper P L, Jarvis J, Jennings I, Luddington R, Marcus R E. Changes in the natural anticoagulants following bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1990; 5: 39–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haire W D, Ruby El, Gordon B G, Patil K D, Stephens L C, Kotulak G D, Reed E C, Vose J M, Bierman P J, Kessinger A, Armitage J O. Multiple organ system dysfunction syndrome in bone marrow transplantation. JAMA 1995; 274: 1289–1295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salat C, Holler E, Reinhardt B, Kolb H-J, Seeber B, Ledderos G, Mittermueller J, Duell T, Wilmanns W, Hiller E. Parameters of the fibrinolytic system in patients undergoing BMT: Elevation of PAI-1 in veno-occlusive disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1994; 14: 747–750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salat C, Holler E, Kolb H-J, Reinhardt B, Pihusch R, Wilmanns W, Hiller E. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 confirms the diagnosis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients with hyperbilirubinemia after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1997; 89: 2184–2188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catani L, Gugliotta L, Vianelli N, Nocentini F, Baravelli S, Bandini G, Cirio T M, Tura S. Endothelium and bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996; 17: 277–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson P, Hoppensteadt D, Elias A, Frei E, III, Iacobelli M, Guinan E, Fareed J. Elevation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombomodulin (TM) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in stem cell transplant (SCT)-associated veno-occlusive disease (VOD) and changes with the use of defibrotide (DF). Blood 1997; 90(Supplement 1)219a
   Google Scholar
• Eltumi M, Trivedi P, Hobbs J R, Portman B, Cheeseman P, Downie C, Risteli J, Risteli L, Mowat A P. Monitoring of veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation by serum amino-propeptide of type III procollagen. Lancet 1993; 342: 518–521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikinheimo M, Halili R, Fasth A. Serum procollagen type III is an early and sensitive marker for veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1994; 83: 3036–3040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rio B, Bauduer F, Arrago J P, Zittoun R. N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen: a marker for the development of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after BMT and a basis for determining the timing of prophylactic heparin. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1993; 11: 471–472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madri J A, Furthmayr H. Collagen polymorphism in the lung. An immunohistochemical study of pulmonary fibrosis. Hum Pathol 1980; 11: 353–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemela O, Risteli L, Sotaniemi E A, Risteli J. Aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in serum in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterol 1983; 85: 254–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuppan D, Farrand A, Oesterling C, Gehrmann M, McDonald G B. Circulating markers of hepatic fibrosis predict evolution of venocclusive disease after marrow transplantation. Hepatol 1997; 26(Pt 2)452A
   Google Scholar
• Bearman S I, Hinds M S, Wolford J L, Petersen F B, Nugent D L, Slichter S J, Shulman H M, McDonald G B. A pilot study of continuous infusion heparin for the prevention of hepatic venocclusive disease after bone marrow tranplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1990; 5: 407–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal M, Huguet F, Rubie H, Huynh A, Charlet J-P, Payen J-L, Voigt J-J, Brousset P, Selves J, Muller C, Pris J, Laurent G. Prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation by continuous infusion of low-dose heparin: A prospective, randomized trial. Blood 1992; 79: 2834–2840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsa-Vila L, Gorin N C, Laport J P, Labopin M, Dupuy-Montbrun M C, Fouillard L, Isnard F, Najman A. Prophylactic heparin does not prevent liver veno-occlusive disease following autologous bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Haematol 1991; 47: 346–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahn J Y, Flesch M, Brion A, Deconinck E, Leconte Des Floris M F, Voillat L, Plouvier E, Amsallem D, Tiberghien P, Fest T, Angonin R, Carbillet J P, Herve P. Prevention of veno-occlusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation: Heparin or no heparin?. Blood 1992; 80: 2149–2150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal J, Sender L, Secola R, Killen R, Millerick M, Murphy L, Cairo M S. Phase II trial of heparin prophylaxis for veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996; 18: 185–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Or R, Nagler A, Shpilberg O, Elad S, Naparstek E, Kapelushnik J, Cass Y, Gillis S, Chetrit A, Slavin S, Eldor A. Low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in bone marrow transplant patients. Transplantation 1996; 61: 1067–1071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluckman E, Jolivet I, Scrobohaci M L, Devergie A, Traineau R, Bourdeau-Esperou H, Lehn P, Faure P, Drouet L. Use of prostaglandin E1 for prevention of liver veno-occlusive disease in leukaemic patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol 1990; 74: 277–281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearman S I, Shen D D, Hinds M S, Hill H A, McDonald G B. A phase I/II study of prostaglandin E1 for the prevention of hepatic venocclusive disease after bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol 1993; 84: 724–730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harun M H, Bardy P, Grigg A, Szer J. Toxicity profile of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in 99 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Blood 1997; 90(Supplement 1)219a
   Google Scholar
• Essell J H, Thompson J M, Harman G S, Halvorson R D, Snyder M J, Callander N S, Clement D J. Pilot trial of prophylactic urosdiol to decrease the incidence of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 1992; 10: 367–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essell J, Schroeder M, Thompson J, Harman G, Halvorsen R, Callander N. A randomized double-blind trial of prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo to prevent venocclusive diseaes of the liver in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1994; 84(Supplement 1)250a
   Google Scholar
• Nimer S D, Milewicz A L, Champlin R E, Busuttil R W. Successful treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease in a bone marrow transplant patient with orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1990; 49: 819–821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapoport A P, Doyle H R, Starzl T, Rowe J M, Doeblin T, Dipersio J F. Orthotopic liver transplantation for life-threatening venocclusive disease of the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991; 8: 421–424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowlati A, Honore P, Damas P, Deprez M, Delwaide J, Fillet G, Beguin Y. Hepatic rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatic veno-occlusive disease or graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1995; 60: 106–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlitt H J, Tischler J H, Binge B, Raddatz G, Maschek H, Dietrich H, Kuse E, Pichlmayr R, Link H. Allogeneic liver transplantation for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation- clinical and immunological considerations. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1995; 16: 473–478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagglund H, Ringden O, Ericzon B G, Duraj F, Ljungman P, Lonnqvist B, Wrski J, Tyden G. Treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease with recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator or orthotopic liver transplantation after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 62: 1076–1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunin N, Leahey A, Dunn S. Related donor liver transplant for veno-occlusive disease following T-depleted unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 61: 664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris S, Crosbie O, McEntee G, Traynor O, Nolan N, McCann S, Hegarty J. Orthotopic liver transplantation for veno-occlusive disease complicating autologous bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 63: 1521–1524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eizenhauer T, Hartmann H, Rumpf K W, Helmchen U, Scheler F, Creutzfeldt W. Favourable outcome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in a renal transplant patient receiving azathioprine, treated by portacaval shunt. Digestion 1984; 30: 185–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson B K, Kalayoglu M. Effective early treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease with a central splenorenal shunt in an infant. J Ped Surg 1992; 27: 531–533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray J A, Labrecque D R, Gingrich R D, Pringle K C, Mitros K A. Successful treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease in a bone marrow transplant patient with side-to-side portacaval shunt. Gastroenterol 1987; 92: 1073–1077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith F O, Johnson M S, Scherer L R, Faught P, Breitfeld P P, Albright E, Hillier S C, Gowan D, Smith P D, Robertson K A, Emanuel D. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) for treatment of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996; 18: 643–646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michielsen P P, Pelckmans P A, D'Archambeau O C, De Schepper A M, Van Marck E A, Meerman I, Haagsma E B, Jorens P G, Van Maercke Y M. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves liver function in veno-occlusive disease. J Hepatol 1995; 21: 685–686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried M W, Connaghan D G, Sharma S, Martin L G, Devine S, Holland K, Zuckerman A, Kaufman S, Wingard J, Boyer T D. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of severe venocclusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Hepatol 1996; 24: 588–591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy V, Azoulay D, Rio B, Vincent F, Rabbat A, Hunault M, Bazarbachi A, Delmer A, Zittoun R. Successful treatment of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS). Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996; 18: 443–445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller-Catchpole R. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). J Amer Med Assoc 1995; 273: 1824–2830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochs A, Sellinger M, Haag K, Noldge G, Herbst E W, Walter E, Gerok W, Rossle M. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol 1993; 28: 217–225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeens J, Semba C, Dake M. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Annu Rev Med 1995; 46: 95–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baglin T P, Harper P, Marcus R E. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver complicating ABMT successfully treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Bone Marrow Transplant 1990; 5: 439–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearman S I, Lee J L, Baron A E, McDonald G B. Treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease with recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator and heparin in 42 marrow transplant patients. Blood 1997; 89: 1501–1506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laporte J P, Lesage S, Tilleul P, Najman A, Gorin N C. Alteplase for hepatic veno-occlusive disease complicating bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 1992; 339: 1057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosti G, Bandini G, Belardinelli A, Calori E, Tura S, Gherlinzoni F, Miggiano C. Alteplase for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone-marrow transplantation. Lancet 1992; 339: 1481–1482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringden O, Wennberg L, Ericzon B-G, Kallman R, Astrom M, Duraj F, Soderdahl G, Tyden G, Groth C G. Alteplase for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 1992; 340: 546–547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman L, Jaimovich G, Milovic V, Klein F, Gabai E, Drelichman G, Freigeiro D. Hepatic veno occlusive disease (VOD) in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Incidence, evolution and treatment. Blood 1994; 84(Supplement 1)2818
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg S L, Shubert J, Rao A K, Redei I, Klumpp T R, Mangan K F. Treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive dieaes with low-dose tissue plasminogen activator: impact on coagulation profile. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996; 18: 633–636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashigawa M, Watanabe M, Nishihara H, Tabata N, Azuma E, Ido M, Ito M, Sakurai M. Successful treatment of an infant with veno-occlusive disease developed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by tissue plasminogen activator, heparin and prostglandin E1. Leuk Res 1995; 19: 477–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schriber J, Christiansen N, Baer M R, Slack J, Wetzler M, Herzig G. Tissue plasminogen activator as therapy for hepatotoxicity following bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1995; 86(Supplement 1)869
   Google Scholar
• Lee J H, Lee K H, Choi J S, Zang D Y, Kim S B, Kim S W, Suh C, Lee J S, Kim K W, Lee Y S, Kim S H. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver (VOD) in Korean patients following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT): Efficacy of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment. J Korean Med Sci 1996; 11: 118–126
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu L C, Regueira O, Ode D L, Warner R P. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for veno-occlusive liver disease in pediatric autologous bone marrow transplant patients. Am J Hem 1994; 46: 194–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal R K, Wall D A, Yu L C. Identification of patients with hepatic venocclusive disease likely to respond to r-tPA therapy. Blood 1993; 10(Supplement 1)2511
   Google Scholar
• Palmer K J, Goa K L. Defibrotide: A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in vascular disorders. Drugs 1993; 45: 259–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi G, Barone D, Lanzarotti E, Tettamanti R, Porta R, Moltrasio D, Cedro A, Salvetti L, Mantovani M, Prino G. Defibrotide, a single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide acting as an adenosine receptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 238: 327–334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracht F, Schror K. Isolation and Identification of Aptamers from Defibrotide that Act as Thrombin Antagonists In Vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1994; 200: 933–937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulutin O N. Antithrombotic effect and clinical potential of defibrotide. Semin Thromb Hemostasis 1993; 19: 186–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacher P, Kindel G, Walenga J M, Fareed J. Modulation of endothelial and platelet function by a polydeoxyribonucleotide derived drug defibrotide. A dual mechanism in the control of vascular pathology. Thrombosis Res 1993; 70: 343–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Chu X, Ruan C. Defibrotide Stimulates Expression of Thrombomodulin in Human Endothelial Cells. Thromb Hemostasis 1994; 71: 507–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraresso M, Rigotti P, Stepkowski S M, Chou T C, Kahan B D. Immunosuppressive effects of Defibrotide. Transplantation 1993; 56: 928–933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coccheri S, Biagi G. Defibrotide. Cardiovascular Drug Review 1991; 9: 172–196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson P G, Elias A D, Krishnan A, Wheeler C., Nath R, Hoppensteadt D, Waller E K, Antin J H, Soiffer R J, Vreden-Burgh J, Bearman S I, Lacobelli M, Fareed J, Guinan E C. Treatment of severe veno-occusive disease (VOD) with defibrotide (DF): Compassionate use results in efficacy with significant toxicity in a high risk population. Blood 1997; 10(Supplement 1)252a
   Google Scholar