70
Views
83
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Elevated Bcl-2/Bax Are a Consistent Feature of Apoptosis Resistance in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Are Correlated with In Vivo Chemoresistance

, &
Pages 355-361 | Received 30 Mar 1997, Published online: 01 Jul 2009

References

  • Dameshek W. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia—an accumulative disease of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes. Blood 1967; 29: 566–584
  • McConkey D. J., Aguilar-Santelises M., Hartzell P., et al. Induction of DNA cleavage in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia cells. J Immunol. 1991; 146: 1072–1076
  • Robertson L. E., Chubb S., Meyn R. E., et al. Induction of apoptotic cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine and 9-β-D-arabi-nosyl-2-fluoradenine. Blood 1993; 81: 143–150
  • Reed J. C. Bcl-2 family proteins: regulators of chemoresistance in cancer. Toxicology Letters 1995; 82/83: 155–158
  • Stoetzer O. J., Nussler V., Darsow M., et al. Association of Bcl-2, Bax, bcl-XLand interleukin-1 P-converting enzyme expression with initial response to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 1996; 10(suppl. 3)18–22
  • Nishiuchi R., Yoshino T., Matsuo Y., et al. The Fas antigen is detected on immature B-cells and the representative cell lines show fas-mediated apoptosis. Br. J. Haem. 1996; 92: 302–307
  • Lotem J., Sachs L. Regulation by Bcl-2, c-myc, and p53 of susceptibility to induction of apoptosis by heat shock and cancer chemotherapy compounds in differentiation-competent and defective myeloid leukemic cells. Cell growth & Diff. 1993; 4: 41–47
  • Macleod K. F., Sherry N., Hannon G., et al. p53-dependent and independent expression of p21 during cell growth, differentiation, and DNA damage. Genes Dev. 1995; 9: 935–944
  • Oltvai Z. N., Milliman C. L., Korsmeyer S. J. Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vitro with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 1993; 74: 609–619
  • Chittenden T., Harrington E. A., O'Connor R., et al. Induction of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 homologue Bak. Nature 1995; 374: 733–736
  • Miyashita T., Reed J. C. Bcl-2 gene transfer increases relative resistance of S49.1 and WEH 17.2 lymphoid cells to cell death and DNA fragmentation induced by glucocorticoids and multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 5407–5411
  • Kitada S., Takayama S., DeRiel K., et al. Reversal of chemoresistance of lymphoma cells by antisense mediated reduction of Bcl-2 gene expression. Antisense Res. Dev. 1994; 4: 71–79
  • Krajewski S., Blomqvist C., Franssila K., et al. Reduced expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax is associated with poor response rates to combination chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 1995; 55: 4471–4478
  • Hanada M., Delia D., Aiello A., et al. Bcl-2 gene hypomethylation and high level expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1993; 82(6)1820–1828
  • Robertson L. E., Plunkett W., McCohnell K., et al. Bcl-2 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its correlation with the induction of apoptosis and clinical outcome. Leukemia 1996; 10: 456–459
  • Pepper C., Bentley P., Hoy T. Regulation of clinical chemoresistance by Bcl-2 and Bax oncoproteins in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1996; 95: 513–517
  • Korsmeyer S. J., Shutter J. R., Veis D. J., et al. Bcl-2/Bax: a rheostat that regulates an anti-oxidant pathway and cell death. Seminars in Cancer Biol. 1993; 4: 327–332
  • Cheson B. D., Bennett J. M., Rai K. R., et al. Guidelines for clinical protocols for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recommendations of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group. Am. J. Haematol. 1988; 29: 152–163
  • Binet J. L., Auquier A., Dighiero G., et al. A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. Cancer 1981; 48: 198–206
  • Gaidano G., Newcomb E. W., Gong J. Z., et al. Analysis of alterations of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am. J. Pathol. 1994; 144: 1312–1319
  • Panayiotidis P., Ganeshaguru K., Jabbar S. A. B., et al. Interleukin-4 inhibits apoptotic cell death and loss of the Bcl-2 protein in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells in vitro. Br. J. Haematol. 1993; 85: 439–445
  • Jewell A. P., Worman C. P., Lydyard P. M., et al. Interferon-alpha up-regulates Bcl-2 expression and protects B-cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Br J. Haematol. 1994; 88: 268–274
  • Holder M. J., Wang H., Milner A. E., et al. Suppression of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes by CD40 ligand is independent of Bcl-2 induction. Eur. J. Immunol. 1993; 23: 2368–2371
  • Wang H-G., Rapp U. R., Reed J. C. Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria. Cell 1996; 87: 629–638

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.