A study of C-reactive protein, lipid metabolism and peripheral blood to identify a link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease

References

• Albert MA, Ridker PM (2004) Inflammatory biomarkers in African-Americans: a potential link to accelerated atherosclerosis. Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.5: S22–S227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bizzarro S, Van Der Velden U, Heggeler JM, Leivadaros E, Hoek FJ, Gerdes VE, Bakker SJ, Gans RO, Ten Cate H, Loos BG (2007) Periodontitis is characterized by elevated PAI-1 activity. J. Clin. Periodontol. 34: 574–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa FO, Gonçalves D, Figueredo CM, Bastos AS, Gustafsson A, Orrico SR (2010) Effect of periodontal treatment on metabolic control, systemic inflammation and cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Periodontol.37: 53–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler CW, Nunn M, Jotwani R (2008) Association between periodontitis and hyperlipidemia: cause or effect. J. Periodontol.70: 1429–1434.
   Google Scholar
• D’Aiuto F, Nibali L, Parkar M, Suvan J, Tonetti MS (2005) Short-term effects of intensive periodontal therapy on serum inflammatory markers and cholesterol. J. Dent. Res.84: 269–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fentoglu O, Bozkur FY (2008) The bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia. Eur. J. Dent.2: 142–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fredriksson MI, Figueredo CMS, Gustafsson A, Bergström KG, Åsman BE (1999) Effect of periodontitis and smoking on blood leukocytes and acute-phase proteins. J. Periodontol.70: 1355–1360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg D, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ (2003) Platelets and cardiovascular disease. Circulation108: 88–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen HB (1993) Role of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in tissue destruction. J. Periodont. Res.28: 500–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzberg MC, Weyer MW (1998) Dental plaque, platelets and cardiac diseases. Ann. Periodontol.3: 151–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hultter JM, Velden UV, Varoufaki A, Huffels RA, Hoek FJ, Loo BG (2001) Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J. Clin. Periodontol. 28: 930–936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodovazenitis G, Pitsavos C, Papadimitriou L, Deliargyris EN, Vrotsos I, Stefanadis C, Madianos PN (2011) Periodontal disease is associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein in non-diabetic, non-smoking acute myocardial infarction patients. J. Dent.39: 846–854.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2006) Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.pp. 775–777.
   Google Scholar
• Kweider M, Lowe GD, Murray GD, Kinane DF, Gowan DA (1993) Dental disease, fibrinogen and white cell count; links with myocardial infarction?Scott. Med. J.38: 73–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P (2006) Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83: 456–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lösche W, Marshal GJ, Apatzidou DA, Krause S, Kocher T, Kinane DF (2005) Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 and plasma lipids in patients with destructive periodontal disease. J. Clin. Periodontol.32: 640–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madjid M, Awan I, Willerson JT, Casscells SW (2004) Leukocyte count and coronary heart disease: implications for risk assessment. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.44: 1945–1956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montebugnoli L, Servidio D, Miaton RA, Prati C, Tricocci P, Melloni C, Melandri G (2005) Periodontal health improves systemic inflammatory and haemostatic status in subjects with coronary heart disease. J. Clin. Periodontol.32: 188–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai B, Kharb S, Jain R, Anand SC (2010) Periodontitis, C-reactive protein and peripheral blood; links with cardiovascular disease. Adv. Med. Dent. Sci.3: 76–79.
   Google Scholar
• Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Yamashita T (2005) Relationship between obesity, glucose tolerance, and periodontal disease in Japanese women: the Hisayama study. J. Periodont. Res.40: 346–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scannapieco FA, Bush RB, Paju S (2003) Association between periodontal disease and risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. A systemic review. Ann. Periodontol. 8: 38–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Iaina A (2002) The importance of anemia and its correction in the management of severe congestive heart failure. Eur. J. Heart. Fail.4: 681–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slade GD, Offenbacher S, Beck JD, Heiss G, Pankow JS (2000) Acute-phase response to periodontal disease in the US population. J. Dent. Res. 79: 49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood N, Johnson RB, Streckfus CF (2000) Comparison of body composition and periodontal disease using nutritional assessment techniques.Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 3). J. Clin. Periodontol.30: 321–327.
   Google Scholar
• Wu T, Trevisan M, Genco RJ, Falkner KL, Dorn JP, Sempos CT (2000) Examination of the relation between periodontal health status and cardiovascular risk factors: serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein and plasma fibrinogen. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151: 273–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar