References
- Orazio JD, Jarrett S, Amaro-Ortiz A, Scott T. UV radiation and the skin. Int J Molec Sci 2013;14:12222–48
- Lowe NJ. An overview of ultraviolet radiation, sunscreens, and photo-induced dermatoses. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:9–17
- Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy. Brit J Dermatol 2007;157:874–87
- Bickers DR, Athar M. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2006;126:2565–75
- Ames BN, Durston WE, Yamasaki E, Lee FD. Carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973;70:2281–5
- Deol PK, Kaur IP. Improving the therapeutic efficiency of ginger extract for treatment of colon cancer using a suitably designed multiparticulate system. J Drug Target 2013;21:855–65
- Singh P, Kaur IP. Development and evaluation of a gastroretentive delivery system for improved antiulcer activity of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). J Drug Target 2011;19:741–51
- Gupta A, Sharma S, Kaur IP, Chopra K. Renoprotective effects of sesamol in ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced oxidative renal injury in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009;104:316–21
- Mishra K, Srivastava PS, Chaudhury NK. Sesamol as a potential radioprotective agent: in vitro studies. Radiat Res 2011;176:613–23
- Narasimhan R, Vaithiyanathan M, Janardanam V. Neuroprotective effect of sesamol in glioma induced in rats. Biomed Int 2011;2:22–7
- Geetha T, Bhandari R, Kaur IP. Sesamol: an efficient antioxidant with potential therapeutic benefits. J Med Chem 2009;5:367
- Kaur IP, Saini A. Sesamol exhibits antimutagenic activity against oxygen species mediated mutagenicity. Mutat Res 2000;470:71–6
- Sharma S, Kaur IP. Development and evaluation of sesamol as an antiaging agent. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:200–8
- Kapadia GJ, Azuine MA, Tokuda H, et al. Chemopreventive effect of resveratrol, sesamol, sesame oil and sunflower oil in the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assay and the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2002;45:499–505
- Lai F, Sinico C, De Logu A, et al. SLN as a topical delivery system for Artemisia arborescens essential oil: in vitro antiviral activity and skin permeation study. Int J Nanomed 2007;2:419–25
- Souto EB, Almeida AJ, Müller RH. Lipid nanoparticles (SLN®, NLC®) for cutaneous drug delivery: structure, protection and skin effects. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2007;3:317–31
- Kaur IP, Kapila M, Agrawal R. Role of novel delivery systems in developing topical antioxidants as therapeutics to combat photoaging. Ageing Res Rev 2007;6:271–88
- Müller RH, Runge SA, Ravelli V, et al. Cyclosporine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN): drug-lipid physicochemical interactions and characterization of drug incorporation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008;68:535–44
- Singh PK, Kaur IP. Synbiotic (probiotic and ginger extract) loaded floating beads: a novel therapeutic option in an experimental paradigm of gastric ulcer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012;64:207–17
- Kakkar V, Mishra AK, Chuttani K, et al. Delivery of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles to brain for menopause related emotional and cognitive central nervous system derangements. Rejuvenat Res 2011;14:597–604
- Kakkar V, Muppu SK, Chopra K, Kaur IP. Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: an efficient formulation approach for cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmaceut Biopharmaceut 2013;85:339–45
- Agrawal R, Kaur IP. Inhibitory effect of encapsulated curcumin on UV-induced photoageing in mice. Rejuvenat Res 2010;13:397–410
- Supino R. In vitro toxicity testing protocols. In: Hare SO, Atterwill CK, eds. Methods in molecular biology. Vol. 43. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1995:137–49
- Elsayed MMA, Abdallah OY, Naggar VF, Khalafallah NM. Lipid vesicles for skin delivery of drugs: reviewing three decades of research. Int J Pharmaceut 2007;332:1–16
- Singh B, Singh S. A comprehensive computer program for study of drug release kinetics from compressed matrices. Int J Pharmaceut 1998;60:313–17
- Cuppett SL, Wijeratne SSK, Schlegel V. Hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress damage and antioxidant enzyme response in caco-2 human colon cells. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:8768–74
- Schinella GR, Troiani G, Davila V, et al. Antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;269:357–60
- Ellman G. Tissue sulphydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;32:70–7
- El-sokkarya GH, Cuzzocreab S, Reiterc RJ. Effect of chronic nicotine administration on the rat lung and liver: beneficial role of melatonin. Toxicology 2007;239:60–7
- Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem 1949;177:751–66
- Schwarz C, Mehnert W, Lucks JS et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery: production, characterisation and sterilisation. J Control Release 1994;30:83–96
- Idson B, Lazarus J. Percutaneous absorption: semisolids. In: Lachman L, Liberman HA, Kanig JL, eds. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. Bombay, India: Varghese Publishing House; 1987:536–9
- AKS. 2014. Available from: http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=365223 [last accessed 1 Aug 2014]
- Wang Y, Zhu L, Dong Z, et al. Preparation and stability study of norfloxacin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle suspensions. Colloid Surface B 2012;98:105–11
- Wong RSY. Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2011;30:87–91
- Morgan DML. Tetrazolium (MTT) assay for cellular viability and activity. In: Morgan DML, ed. Polyamine protocols. Vol. 79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1998:179–84
- Manjunath K, Reddy JS, Venkateswarlu V. Solid lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Method Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2005;27:127–44
- Chen H, Chang X, Du D, et al. Podophyllotoxin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for epidermal targeting. J Control Release 2006;110:296–306
- Kuchlera S, Herrmanna W, Minkinb GP, et al. SLN for topical application in skin diseases – characterization of drug–carrier and carrier–target interactions. Pharmaceut Nanotechnol 2010;390:225–33
- Jenning V, Gysler A, Schäfer-Korting M, Gohla SH. Vitamin A loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical use: occlusive properties and drug targeting to the upper skin. Eur J Pharmaceut Biopharmaceut 2000;49:211–18
- Dingler A, Blum RP, Niehus H, et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNTM/LipopearlsTM) – a pharmaceutical and cosmetic carrier for the application of vitamin E in dermal products. J Microencapsul 1999;16:751–67
- Garti E. Effects of surfactants on crystallization and polymorphic transformatiom of fats and fatty acids. In: Garti K, Sato K, eds. Crystallization and polymorphism of fats and fatty acids. New York, Basel: Marcel Dekker; 1988:267–303
- Jenning V, Gohla S. Encapsulation of retinoids in solid lipid nanoparticles. J Microencapsul 2001;18:149–58
- Wissing SA, Muller RH. A novel sunscreen system based on tocopherol acetate incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Cosmetic Sci 2001;23:233–43
- Westesen K, Siekmann B, Koch MHJ. Investigations on the physical state of lipid nanoparticles by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Int J Pharmaceut 1993;93:189–99
- Pardeshi C, Rajput P, Belgamwari V, et al. Solid lipid based nanocarriers: an overview. Acta Pharmaceut 2012;62:433–72
- Siekmann B, Westesan K. Submicron-sized parenteral carrier systems based on solid lipids. Pharmaceut Pharmacol Lett 1992;1:123–6
- Roessner A, Kuester D, Malfertheiner P, Schneider-Stock R. Oxidative stress in ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2008;204:511–24
- Huang MT, Ho CT, Wang ZY, et al. Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and its constituents carnosol and ursolic acid. Cancer Res 1994;54:701–8
- Huang MT, Ma W, Yen P, et al. Inhibitory effects of topical application of low doses of curcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate induced tumor promotion and oxidised DNA bases in mouse epidermis. Carcinogenesis 1997;18:83–8
- Seven A, Civelek S, Inci E, et al. Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in blood of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Clin Biochem 1999;32:369–73
- Nordman R, Ribere C, Rouach H. Implication of free radical mechanisms in ethanol induced cellular injury. Free Radic Biol Med 1992;12:219–40
- Taniguchi M, Yasutake A, Takedomi K. Effect of N, Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) on the oxidative status of rat liver. Arch Toxicol 1999;73:1412–16
- Capdevila JH, Morrow JD, Belosludtsev YY, et al. The catalytic outcomes of the constitutive and the mitogen inducible isoforms of prostaglandin H synthetase are markedly affected by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase(s). Biochemistry 1995;34:3325–37
- Bryant RW, Simon TC, Bailey JM. Role of glutathione peroxidase and monophosphate shunt in the platelet lipoxygenase pathway. J Biol Chem 1982;257:14937–43