Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for the Prevention of Obstetric Complications in Women with Thrombophilias

References

• Roberts J. M., Taylor R. N., Musici T. J., Rodgers G. M., Hubel C. A., McLaughlin M. K. Preeclampsia: An Endothelial Cell Disorder. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1989; 161: 1200–1204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salafia C. M., Pezzulo J. C., Lopez-Zeno J A., Minior V. K., Vintzileos A. M. Placental Pathologic Features of Preterm Preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995; 173: 1079–1105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salafia C. M., Minior V. K., Pezzulo J. C., Popek E. J., Rosenkrantz T. S., Vintzileos A. M. Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Infants of Less than Thirty-two Weeks' Gestation: Associated Placental Pathologic Features. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995; 173: 57
   Google Scholar
• Green Placenta J.R. Previa and Abruptio Placentae. Maternal Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice, R. K. Creasy, R. Resnik. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1994; 609–610
   Google Scholar
• Infante-Rievard C, David M., Gauthier R., Ribard G., Lupus E. Anticoagulants, Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Fetal Loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991; 325: 1063–1066
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dekker G. A., de Vries J. I., Doelitzsch P. M., Huijgens P. C., von Blomberg B. M.E., Jakobs C., van Geijn H. P. Underlying Disorders Associated with Severe Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995; 173: 1042–1048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizon-Townson D. S., Nelson L. M., Easton K., Ward K. The Factor V Leiden Mutation May Predispose Women to Severe Preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996; 175: 902–905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandone E., Margaglione M., Colaizzo D., Cappucci G., Paladini D., Martinelli P., Montanuro S., Payone G., Di Minno G., Factor V, Leiden C. T MTHFR Polymorphism and Genetic Susceptibility to Preeclampsia. Thromb. Haemost. 1997; 77: 1052–1054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries J. I., Dekker G. A., Huijgens P. C., Jakobs C., Blomberg B. M., van Geijn H. P. Hyperhomocystinemia and Protein S Deficiency in Complicated Pregnancies. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1997; 104: 1248–1254
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kupferminc M. J., Eldor A., Steinman N., Many A., Bar-Am A., Jaffa A., Fait G., Lessing J B. Increased Frequency of Genetic Thrombophilias in Women with Complications of Pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999; 340: 9–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caritis S., Sibai B., Hauth J., Lindheimer M. D., Klebanoff M., Thom E., van Dorsten P., Landon M., Paul R., Miodovnik M, Meis P., Thurnau G. Low-Dose Aspirin to Prevent Preeclampsia in Women at High Risk. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 338: 701–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth W., Jr. Low-Dose Aspirin for Preeclampsia—The Unresolved Question. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 338: 756–757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner W. E., Edelman D. A., Hendricks C. H. A Standard of Fetal Growth for the United States of America. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1976; 126: 555–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner B., Zivelin A., Lanir N., Greengard J. S., Griffin J. H., Seligsohn U. Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Double Heterozygosity for R506Q Mutation of Factor V and for T298M Mutation of Protein C in a Large Family of a Previously Described Homozygous Protein Newborn with Massive Thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88: 877–880
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frosst P., Blom H. J., Milos R., Goyette P., Sheppard C. A., Matthews R. G., Boers G. J., den Heijer M., Kluijtmans L. A., van der Hauvel L. P., et al. A Candidate Genetic Risk Factor for Vascular Disease: A Common Mutation in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase. Nat. Genet. 1995; 10: 111–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poort S. R., Rosendaal F. R., Reitsma P. H., Bertina R. M. A Genetic Variation in the 3′-Untranslated Region of the Prothrombin Gene Is Associated with Elevated Plasma Prothrombin Levels and an Increase in Venous Thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88: 3698–3703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibai B. M., Caritis S. N., Thom E., Klebanoff M., McNeillis D., Rocco L., Paul R. H., Romero R., Witter F., Rosen M., et al. Prevention of Preeclampsia with Low-Dose Aspirin in Healthy, Nulliparous Pregnant Women. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993; 329: 1213–1218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLASP (Collaborative Low-dose Aspirin Study in Pregnancy) Collaborative Group. CLASP: A Randomised Trial of Low-Dose Aspirin for the Prevention and Treatment of Pre-eclampsia Among 9364 Pregnant Women. Lancet 1994; 343: 619–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girling J., de Swiet M. Inherited Thrombophilia and Pregnancy. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 1998; 10: 135–144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Branch D. W., Silver R. M., Blackwell J. L., Reading J. C., Scott J. R. Outcome of Treated Pregnancies in Women with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Update of the Utah Experience. Obstet-Gynecol. 1992; 80: 614–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima F., Khamashta M. A., Buchanan N. M., Kerslake S., Hunt B. J., Hughes G. R. A Study of Sixty Pregnancies in Patients with the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 1996; 14: 131–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutteh W. H. Antiphospholipid Antibody-Associated Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Treatment with Heparin and Low-Dose Aspirin Is Superior to Low-Dose Aspirin Alone. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1966; 174: 1584–1589
   Google Scholar
• Fejgin M. D., Lourwood D. L. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins and Their Use in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstet. Gynecol. Survey 1994; 49: 424–431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dulitzki M., Pauzner R., Langevitz P., Pras M., Many A., Schiff E. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin During Pregnancy and Delivery: Preliminary Experience with 41 Pregnancies. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996; 87: 380–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson-Piercy C., Letsky E. A., de Sweit M. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Obstetric Thromboprophylaxis: Experience of Sixty-nine Pregnancies in Sixty-one Women at High risk. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1997; 176: 1062–1068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillis S., Shushan A., Eldor A. Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Thromboembolism in Pregnancy. Int. J. Obst. Gyneacol. 1992; 39: 56–58
   Google Scholar
• Sibai B. M., El-Nazer A., Gonzalez-Ruiz A. Severe Preeclampsia-Eclampsia in Young Women: Subsequent Pregnancy Outcome and Remote Prognosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1986; 155: 1011–1016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitchard J. A., Cunningham F. G., Pitchard S. A., Mason R. A. On Reducing the Frequency of Severe Abruptio Placentae. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1991; 165: 1345–1351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakketeig L. S., Bjerkedal T., Hoffman H. J. Small-for-Gestational Births in Successive Pregnancy Outcome: Results from a Longitudinal Study of Births in Norway. Early Hum. Dev. 1986; 14: 187–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tejani N. A. Recurrence of Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Obstet. Gynecol. 1982; 59: 329–331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar