REFERENCES
- Granger JP, Alexander BT, Llinas MT, Bennett WA, Khalil RA. Pathophysiology of preeclampsia: Linking placental ischemia/hypoxia with microvascular dysfunction. Microcirculation 2002; 9:147–160.
- Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ, Holash J. Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature 2000; 407(6801):242–248.
- Hanahan D, Folkman J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 1996; 86:353–364.
- Breier G, Damert A, Plate KH, Risau W. Angiogenesis in embryos and ischemic diseases. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78:678–683.
- Ferrara N, Davis-Smyth T. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev 1997; 18:4–25.
- Maisonpierre PC, Suri C, Jones PF, Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis. Science 1997; 277(5322):55–60.
- Wulff C, Weigand M, Kreienberg R, Fraser HM. Angiogenesis during primate placentation in health and disease. Reproduction 2003; 126:569–577.
- Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Vonnahme KA, Animal models of placental angiogenesis. Placenta 2005; 26:689–708.
- Geva E, Ginzinger DG, Zaloudek CJ, Moore DH, Byrne A, Jaffe RB. Human placental vascular development: Vasculogenic and angiogenic (branching and nonbranching) transformation is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:4213–4224.
- Tsatsaris V, Goffin F, Munaut C, Overexpression of the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in preeclamptic patients: Pathophysiological consequences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:5555–5563.
- Sgambati E, Marini M, Zappoli Thyrion GD, VEGF expression in the placenta from pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders. BJOG 2004; 111:564–570.
- ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins – ObstetricsACOG practice bulletin. Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Number 33, January 2002. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:159–167.
- Zhang EG, Smith SK, Baker PN, Charnock-Jones DS. The regulation and localization of angiopoietin-1, -2, and their receptor Tie2 in normal and pathologic human placentae. Mol Med 2001; 7:624–635.
- Charnock-Jones DS, Kaufmann P, Mayhew TM. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation. Placenta 2004; 25:103–113.
- Cooper JC, Sharkey AM, Charnock-Jones DS, Palmer CR, Smith SK. VEGF mRNA levels in placentae from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103:1191–1196.
- Nadar SK, Karalis I, Al Yemeni E, Blann AD, Lip GY. Plasma markers of angiogenesis in pregnancy induced hypertension. Thromb Haemost 2005; 94:1071–1076.
- Hirokoshi K, Maeshima Y, Kobayashi K, Increase of serum angiopoietin-2 during pregnancy is suppressed in women with preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18:1181–1188.
- Parikh SM, Mammoto T, Schultz A, Excess circulating angiopoietin-2 may contribute to pulmonary vascular leak in sepsis in humans. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e46.
- Roviezzo F, Tsigkos S, Kotanidou A, Angiopoietin-2 causes inflammation in vivo by promoting vascular leakage. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:738–744.
- Levine RJ, Karumanchi SA. Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:672–683.