The Role of Apoptosis on Trophoblast Cell Invasion in the Placental Bed of Normotensive and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

REFERENCES

• Robertson WB, Brosens IA, Dixon HG. The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Ann 1972;1:177–191
   Google Scholar
• Kingdom JC, Burrell SJ, Kaufmann P. Pathology and clinical implications of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms. Ultras Obstet Gynecol 1997; 4:271–486
   Google Scholar
• Allaire AD, Ballenger KA, Wells SR, Mcmanhon MJ, Lessey BA. Placental apoptosis in pre-eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96:271–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton GJ, Jones CJ. Syncytial knots, sprouts, apoptosis, and trophoblast deportation from the human placenta. Taiwanese J Obs Gynecol 2009; 48:28–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp AN, Heazell AE, Crocker IP, Mor G. Placental apoptosis in health and disease. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64:159–169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppertz B, Kadyrov M, Kingdom CP. Apoptosis and its role in the trophoblast. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:29–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusama K, Jiang Y, Toguchi, M, et al. Use of the monoclonal antibody M30 for detecting HSG cell apoptosis. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:151–154
   Google Scholar
• Austgulen R, Chedwick L, Vogt Isaksen C, Vatten L, Craven C. Trophoblast apoptosis in human placenta at term as detected by expression of a cytokeratin 18 degradation product of caspase. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126:1480–1486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Pre-eclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic avascular adhesion phenotype. One cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome. Clin Invest 1997; 99:2152–2164
   Google Scholar
• Smith SC, Symonds EM, Baker PN. Placental apoptosis in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177:57–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyall F, Myatt L. The role of the placenta in pre-eclampsia — A workshop report. Placenta 2002; 23:S142–S145
   Google Scholar
• Bulmer JN, Morrison L, Johnson PM. Expression of the proliferation markers Ki67 and trans-ferrin receptor by human trophoblast populations. Reprod Immunol 1988; 14:291–302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kreitz S, Fackelmayer FO, Gerdes J, Knippers R. The proliferation-specific human Ki-67 protein is a constituent of compact chromatin. Exp Cell Res 2000; 261:284–292
   Google Scholar
• Genbacev O, McMaster MT, Fisher SJ. A repertoire of cell cycle regulators whose expression is coordinated with human cytotrophoblast differentiation. Am J Pathol 2000; 157:1337–1351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacAuley A, Cross JC, Werb Z. Reprogramming the cell cycle for endoreduplication in rodent trophoblast cells. Mol Biol Cell 1998; 9:795–807
   Google Scholar
• Butler AJ, Eagleton MJ, Wang D, et al. Induction of the proliferative phenotype in differentiated myogenic cells by hypoxia. Biol Chem 1991; 266:18250–18258
   Google Scholar
• Dempsey EC, McMurtry IF, O'Brien RF. Protein kinase C activation allows pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to proliferate to hypoxia. Am J Physiol 1991; 260:L136–L145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graeber TG, Peterson JF, Tsai M, Monica K, Fornace AJ, Giacci AJ. Hypoxia induces accumulation of p53 protein, but activation of a G1-phase checkpoint by low-oxygen conditions is independent of p53 status. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:6264–6277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young PM, Rose MS, Sutton JR, Green HJ, Cymerman A, Houston CS. Operation Everest II: Plasma lipid and hormonal responses during a simulated ascent of Mt. Everest. J Appl Physiol 1989; 66:1430–1435
   Google Scholar
• Jiang RZ, Huang YJ, Gu JH, Mu WH, Chen HP. Effects of nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide on the function of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells induced by umbilical sera in pre-eclampsia. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2007; 42:87–91
   Google Scholar
• Kadyrov M, Kingdom JCP, Huppertz B. Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset pre-eclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194:557–563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morsi HM, Leers MPG, Jager W, et al. The patterns of expression of an apoptosis-related CK18 neoepitope, the bcl-2 proto-oncogene, and the Ki67 proliferation marker in normal, hyperplas-tic, and malignant endometrium. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2000; 19:118–126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosens I, Robertson WB, Dixon HG. The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Ann 1972; 1:177–191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyall F, Bulmer JN, Kelly H, Duffie E, Robson SC. Human trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation: The role of nitric oxide. Am J Pathol 1999; 154:1105–1114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadyrov M, Schmitz C, Black S, Kaufmann P, Huppertz B. Pre-eclampsia and maternal anaemia display reduced apoptosis and opposite invasive phenotypes of extravillous trophoblast. Placenta 2003; 24:540–548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFederico E, Genbacev O, Fisher SJ. Pre-eclampsia is associated with widespread apoptosis of placental cytotrophoblasts within the uterine wall. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:293–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Canc 1972; 26:239–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamad RR, Bremme K, Kallner A, Sten-Linder M. Increased levels of an apoptotic product in the sera from women with pre-eclampsia. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009; 69:204–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naicker T, Khedun SM, Moodley J, Pijnenborg R. Quantitative analysis of trophoblast invasion in pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82:722–729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Lamki RS, Skepper JN, Loke YW, King A. Apoptosis in the early human placental bed and its discrimination from necrosis using the in-situ DNA ligation technique. Human Reprod 1998; 13:3511–3519
   Google Scholar
• Huppertz B, Review HA. Regulation of proliferation and apoptosis during development of the preimplantation embryo and the placenta. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today: Reviews 2005; 75:249–261
   Google Scholar
• Reister F, Frank HG, Kingdom JC, Heyl W, Kaufmann P. Macrophage-induced apoptosis limits endovascular trophoblast invasion in the uterine wall of pre-eclamptic women. Lab Invest 2001; 81:1143–1152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pijnenborg R, Vercruysse L, Verbist L. Interaction of interstitial trophoblast with placental bed capillaries and venules of normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Placenta 1998; 19:569–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genbacev O, Zhou Y, Ludlow JW, Fisher SJ. Regulation of human placental development by oxygen tension. Science 1997; 277:1669–1672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar